这篇文章主要介绍了Java搭建RabbitMq消息中间件过程详解,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
前言
当系统中出现“生产“和“消费“的速度或稳定性等因素不一致的时候，就需要消息队列。
名词
- exchange： 交换机
- routingkey： 路由key
- queue：队列
控制台端口：15672
exchange和queue是需要绑定在一起的，然后消息发送到exchange再由exchange通过routingkey发送到对应的队列中。
使用场景
1.技能订单3分钟自动取消，改变状态
2.直播开始前15分钟提醒
3.直播状态自动结束
流程
生产者发送消息 —> order_pre_exchange交换机 —> order_per_ttl_delay_queue队列
—> 时间到期 —> order_delay_exchange交换机 —> order_delay_process_queue队列 —> 消费者
第一步：在pom文件中添加
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-amqp
第二步：在application.properties文件中添加
spring.rabbitmq.host=172.xx.xx.xxx spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=rabbit spring.rabbitmq.password=123456 spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/ spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000 spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
第三步：配置 OrderQueueConfig
package com.tuohang.platform.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.QueueBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* rabbitMQ的队列设置（生产者发送的消息，永远是先进入exchange，再通过路由，转发到队列）
*
*
* @author Administrator
* @version 1.0
* @Date 2018年9月18日
*/
@Configuration
public class OrderQueueConfig {
/**
* 订单缓冲交换机名称
*/
public final static String ORDER_PRE_EXCHANGE_NAME = "order_pre_exchange";
/**
* 发送到该队列的message会在一段时间后过期进入到order_delay_process_queue 【队列里所有的message都有统一的失效时间】
*/
public final static String ORDER_PRE_TTL_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME = "order_pre_ttl_delay_queue";
/**
* 订单的交换机DLX 名字
*/
final static String ORDER_DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME = "order_delay_exchange";
/**
* 订单message时间过期后进入的队列，也就是订单实际的消费队列
*/
public final static String ORDER_DELAY_PROCESS_QUEUE_NAME = "order_delay_process_queue";
/**
* 订单在缓冲队列过期时间（毫秒）30分钟
*/
public final static int ORDER_QUEUE_EXPIRATION = 1800000;
/**
* 订单缓冲交换机
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public DirectExchange preOrderExange() {
return new DirectExchange(ORDER_PRE_EXCHANGE_NAME);
}
/**
* 创建order_per_ttl_delay_queue队列，订单消息经过缓冲交换机，会进入该队列
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Queue delayQueuePerOrderTTLQueue() {
return QueueBuilder.durable(ORDER_PRE_TTL_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME)
.withArgument("x-dead-letter-exchange", ORDER_DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME) // DLX
.withArgument("x-dead-letter-routing-key", ORDER_DELAY_PROCESS_QUEUE_NAME) // dead letter携带的routing key
.withArgument("x-message-ttl", ORDER_QUEUE_EXPIRATION) // 设置订单队列的过期时间
.build();
}
/**
* 将order_pre_exchange绑定到order_pre_ttl_delay_queue队列
*
* @param delayQueuePerOrderTTLQueue
* @param preOrderExange
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Binding queueOrderTTLBinding(Queue delayQueuePerOrderTTLQueue, DirectExchange preOrderExange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(delayQueuePerOrderTTLQueue).to(preOrderExange).with(ORDER_PRE_TTL_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME);
}
/**
* 创建订单的DLX exchange
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public DirectExchange delayOrderExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(ORDER_DELAY_EXCHANGE_NAME);
}
/**
* 创建order_delay_process_queue队列，也就是订单实际消费队列
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Queue delayProcessOrderQueue() {
return QueueBuilder.durable(ORDER_DELAY_PROCESS_QUEUE_NAME).build();
}
/**
* 将DLX绑定到实际消费队列
*
* @param delayProcessOrderQueue
* @param delayExchange
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Binding dlxOrderBinding(Queue delayProcessOrderQueue, DirectExchange delayOrderExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(delayProcessOrderQueue).to(delayOrderExchange).with(ORDER_DELAY_PROCESS_QUEUE_NAME);
}
/**
* 监听订单实际消费者队列order_delay_process_queue
*
* @param connectionFactory
* @param processReceiver
* @return
*/
@Bean
public SimpleMessageListenerContainer orderProcessContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
OrderProcessReceiver processReceiver) {
SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
container.setQueueNames(ORDER_DELAY_PROCESS_QUEUE_NAME); // 监听order_delay_process_queue
container.setMessageListener(new MessageListenerAdapter(processReceiver));
return container;
}
}
消费者 OrderProcessReceiver ：
package com.tuohang.platform.config;
import java.util.Objects;
import org.apache.tools.ant.types.resources.selectors.Date;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.ChannelAwareMessageListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
/**
* 订单延迟处理消费者
*
*
* @author Administrator
* @version 1.0
* @Date 2018年9月18日
*/
@Component
public class OrderProcessReceiver implements ChannelAwareMessageListener {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OrderProcessReceiver.class);
String msg = "The failed message will auto retry after a certain delay";
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
try {
processMessage(message);
} catch (Exception e) {
// 如果发生了异常，则将该消息重定向到缓冲队列，会在一定延迟之后自动重做
channel.basicPublish(OrderQueueConfig.ORDER_PRE_EXCHANGE_NAME, OrderQueueConfig.ORDER_PRE_TTL_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME, null,
msg.getBytes());
}
}
/**
* 处理订单消息，如果订单未支付，取消订单（如果当消息内容为FAIL_MESSAGE的话，则需要抛出异常）
*
* @param message
* @throws Exception
*/
public void processMessage(Message message) throws Exception {
String realMessage = new String(message.getBody());
logger.info("Received <" + realMessage + ">");
// 取消订单
if(!Objects.equals(realMessage, msg)) {
// SpringKit.getBean(ITestService.class).resetSexById(Long.valueOf(realMessage));
System.out.println("测试111111-----------"+new Date());
System.out.println(message);
}
}
}
或者
/**
* 测试 rabbit 消费者
*
*
* @author Administrator
* @version 1.0
* @Date 2018年9月25日
*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = TestQueueConfig.TEST_DELAY_PROCESS_QUEUE_NAME)
public class TestProcessReceiver {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestProcessReceiver.class);
String msg = "The failed message will auto retry after a certain delay";
@RabbitHandler
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
try {
processMessage(message);
//告诉服务器收到这条消息 已经被我消费了 可以在队列删掉；否则消息服务器以为这条消息没处理掉 后续还会在发
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
} catch (Exception e) {
// 如果发生了异常，则将该消息重定向到缓冲队列，会在一定延迟之后自动重做
channel.basicPublish(TestQueueConfig.TEST_PRE_EXCHANGE_NAME, TestQueueConfig.TEST_PRE_TTL_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME, null,
msg.getBytes());
}
}
/**
* 处理订单消息，如果订单未支付，取消订单（如果当消息内容为FAIL_MESSAGE的话，则需要抛出异常）
*
* @param message
* @throws Exception
*/
public void processMessage(Message message) throws Exception {
String realMessage = new String(message.getBody());
logger.info("Received < " + realMessage + " >");
// 取消订单
if(!Objects.equals(realMessage, msg)) {
System.out.println("测试111111-----------"+new Date());
}else {
System.out.println("rabbit else...");
}
}
}
生产者
/**
* 测试rabbitmq
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/testrab")
public String testraa() {
GenericResult gr = null;
try {
String name = "test_pre_ttl_delay_queue";
long expiration = 10000;//10s 过期时间
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(name,String.valueOf(123456));
// 在单个消息上设置过期时间
//rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(name,(Object)String.valueOf(123456), new ExpirationMessagePostProcessor(expiration));
} catch (ServiceException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
gr = new GenericResult(StateCode.ERROR, languageMap.get("network_error"), e.getMessage());
}
return getWrite(gr);
}
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。