swift4.0新特性

1.多行文字的字符串:

之前我们可以通过使用 “\ n” 来使字符串换行比如:

let beforeString = "When you write a string that spans multiple \nlines make sure you start its content on a \nline all of its own, and end it with three \nquotes also on a line of their own. Multi-line strings also let you write "quote marks" \nfreely inside your strings, which is great!" //print(beforeString)

这种方式阅读起来很不方便,看起来很不美观,不能直观的显示它所要呈现给用户展示的样子。
在swift4.0中,提供了专门的语法来显示多行字符串,从而告别转义:
1)以三个双引号作为开始的标识。
2)以三个双引号作为结束的标识。
3)不管开始标识还是结束标识,都必须单独占据一行
4)你定义的字符串就是开始标识和结束标识中间的样子

let longString = 
""" 
When you write a string that spans multiple 
lines make sure you start its content on a 
line all of its own, and end it with three quotes also on a 
line of their own. Multi-line strings also let you write "quote marks" freely inside your strings, which is great!
""" 
print(longString)

2.改进键值编码的关键字

swift中如何使用的keyPath呢?
首先,我们定义两个结构体:

struct Crew {   
  var age: String    
  var height: String 
} 

struct SuperMen {    
  var name: String   
  var age: Double    
  var height: Crew    
func goToMaximumWarp() {        
  print("\(name) is now travelling at warp \(maxWarp)")  
}
} 

let janeway = Crew(name:"Kathryn Janeway",rank:"Captain") 
let voyager = Starship(name: "Voyager", maxWarp: 9.975, captain: janeway) let enter = voyager.goToMaximumWarp enterWarp()

在swift中,我们可以给函数添加一个引用。比如,我们可以给goToMaximumWarp()方法添加一个叫做enter的引用,之后我们便可以使用enter来调用它。然而,我们却不能对属性做同样的操作。是的,我们不能给SuperMen的名字属性添加一个引用。
这个问题,可以通过使用keypath来解决:正如enter()一样,它们是未被调用的属性引用。如果您现在调用引用,则得到当前值,但如果稍后调用引用,则获得最新值
。keyPath的语法格式为反斜杠:

let nameKeyPath = \SuperMen.name
let maxWarpKeyPath = \SuperMen.age
let captainName = \SuperMen.captain.height
print(voyager[keyPath: nameKeyPath])  //Voyager 
voyager[keyPath: nameKeyPath] = "456" print(voyager.name)   //456 
voyager.goToMaximumWarp()  //456 is now travelling at warp 9.975 
enterWarp()  //Voyager is now travelling at warp 9.975 
 let starshipName = voyager[keyPath: nameKeyPath] 
let starshipMaxWarp = voyager[keyPath: maxWarpKeyPath] 
let starshipCaptain = voyager[keyPath: captainName]

3.改进了字典功能:

Swift4.0让词典的功能更强大。
在Swift3.0中,Dictionary的过滤函数会返回一个包含key / value元组的数组。比如

let names = ["小明": 24_256_800, "小强": 23_500_000, "笑话": 21_516_000, "Seoul": 9_995_000]; 
let massiveName = names.filter { $0.value > 10_000_000 }
在Swift3.0中,你不能通过massiveName [ “小明”]来获取对应的值。
因为massiveName不是一个字典类型。只能通过massiveName [0]。价值来获取。
但在Swift4.0中,massiveName是字典类型,使用massiveName [ “小明”]获取值完全没有问题。

4.String又变成了集合类型:

这意味着,你可以做字符串倒置,循环获取每个字符,map,flatMap()等操作。
比如:

let quote = "It is a truth universally acknowledged that new Swift versions bring new features."
let reversed = quote.reversed()

for letter in quote {
    print(letter)
}

另外,Swift4.0中,引入类似于python中字符串的一些操作。在省略起始位置或者结束位置的情况下,可以自动推断集合的起始位置或者结束位置。

let person = ["name", "age", "heght", "hand", "foot"]
let big = person[..<3]
let small = person[3...]
print(big)    //["name", "age", "height"]
print(small)   //["hand", "foot"]

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