In the first stage, children are introduced in a playful way to what will eventually become their field of interest.
Once children find some motivation to explore or to try something out of curiosity or simply playfulness, parents have an opportunity to use this initial interest as a springboard to an activity, but that initial curiosity-driven motivation needs to be supplemented. One excellent supplement, particularly with smaller children, is praise. Another motivation is the satisfaction of having developed a certain skill, particularly if that achievement is acknowledged by a parent.
This is yet another sort of motivation. A child who sees an older sibling performing an activity and getting attention and praise from a parent will naturally want to join in and garner some attention and praise as well. For some children, competition with the sibling may itself be motivating, too.So it is probably no coincidence in these cases that it is generally the younger siblings.
When they reach the second stage, perhaps the most important factor in the early days of an expert’s development is to maintain that interest and motivation while the skills and habits are being built .Obviously all of the future expert performers decided at this juncture that they wanted to keep going. But the motivation must ultimately be something that comes from within the child, or else it won’t endure.
In the case of team sports, like swimming, the students often relished being part of a group of like-minded people. But whatever the reasons, the motivation started to shift from external to internal in origin.
With the step-up in the level of instruction, the parents still provided support, such as paying for lessons and equipment, but the responsibility for the practice shifted almost entirely to the students themselves and their coaches and teachers.
In addition to the gradual deterioration in physical abilities that accompanies aging, some physical skills simply cannot be developed to expert levels if one doesn’t start working on them in childhood.
One thing we do know about these innovators is that they, almost without exception, have worked to become expert performers in their fields before they started breaking new ground.
感悟：1.关于教育，刻意练习强调刻意为之，但作为motivator who wants to reer the future expert at sth,我们应该懂得怎么培养孩子的兴趣in a subtle way.
就像书中的孩子回忆自己发现棋盘是无心之举，但棋盘在那儿，而且I'll bet her parents just put it within her reach.
2.孩子的成长阶段无疑是最adapatable的时候，至今我也很感谢妈妈让我参加的各种兴趣班，当然都是在我表现不错，也有兴趣继续的前提下。可是有个特例，我妈喜欢唱歌，带我去参加声乐班，到了现场要考试，哭得不行，死活不上去。想想可能是觉得自己声音不好听。而且也真的找不到调，那个场景真的intimidated me.
3.成人教育 今天看到一个在Guantanamo Bay关了好多年的囚犯，西非人，在监狱里自学英语，还自己起草了英文的人身保护令，要求释放。而到此时，他学习英语也不过三年。后来他和律师的通信记录还出了一本书，成了畅销书。这里就发现，所谓的不行，都是因为你没把他当成priority，当这件事能让你拜托监狱生活的时候，你看你行不行。
同义替换：innovators pioneers pathfinder pathbreaker
The parents of children destined for more intellectual pursuits—
['des.tɪnd]adjective
FUTURE将来的
■controlled by a force which some people believe controls what happens, and which cannot be influenced by people命中注定的，命运决定的
•She is destined for an extremely successful career.她的事业注定会非常成功。
•[+to infinitive] These plans are destined to fail.这些计划注定要失败。
•[+that] Do you think it was destined that we should one day meet?你认为将来我们注定会见面吗？
The Polgárs were blessed with three children, all of them girls.
Each of them became among the very best in the world
although she had performed more than well enough in sanctioned tournaments, she was never awarded grandmaster status—a result that was apparently more a political decision than a judgment about her chess prowess.
László and Klara had already decided that Susan would become a top-ranked chess player, so they would have hardly counted on her just happening to find the chess pieces and becoming fascinated with them.
prowess[N-UNCOUNT]
Someone's prowess is their great skill at doing something. (FORMAL)
He's always bragging about his prowess as a cricketer.
with praise or sometimes more concretely with candy or other small treats
[tri:t]noun
SPECIAL
EXPERIENCE特殊经历
countable
■a special and enjoyable occasion or experience乐事；享受；特别款待
•We're going to Italy for the weekend - it's my birthday treat.我们要去义大利度周末——为我庆祝生日。
•As a special treat, I'll take you to my favourite tea-shop.我要带你到我最喜欢的茶馆去，这是个特别待遇。
a treat
UKinformal
■very well; with good results很好；效果不错
•To prevent red wine from staining, put some salt on it - it works a treat.要想不让红葡萄酒留下污渍，在污渍处洒些盐——效果很不错。
•That soup went down a treat(= tasted very good) !那汤很好喝！
•I polished that old desk of grandma's and it came up a treat(= its appearance improved).我把奶奶的那张旧书桌擦了擦，马上就焕然一新。