长难句精讲9、10、11：定语从句

定语从句：

• 用who/which/that等关系代词和where/when等关系副词引导.
• 一个句子修饰前面的名词.
  标志
  ==名词+which/who/where/when==
  要求：
  认知，会写

定语从句类型

• 非限定性定语从句
  • He got the first prize ==,== which is out of my expectation.
• 限定性定语从句
  • Have you finished the ==work which== the teacher asked?

定语从句的拆分

• There are many thousands of ==stars==（修饰的名词） in the sky 【that ==are== like the sun】.分割式的定语从句
• Space and oceans are the new world 【which scientists are trying to explore】.
• In our factory, there are many people 【who are much interested in the new invention】.
  当关系词在中间，动词在两边：从句总关系词开始到句子结尾

---

• A driver 【who is driving the bus】 mustn’t talk with others or be ++absent-minded++（心不在焉，be absent of=be lack of缺乏...）.
• The police explained that the difficulties 【which they faced were too severe】.
  关系词在前方，两个动词后方：从句从关系词开始到第二个动词前面

==拆分步骤==

1. 圈定句中关系代词或关系副词
2. 圈定句中动词
3. 动词1+ [关系词+动词2….]
4. [ 关系词 + 动词1 + ]动词2

• The child 【whose parents died in the ++car crash++（车祸）】 was left in the care of his grandparents.
  • crush挤进去
  • crash撞了
  • clash巨响
• The first case of bird flu 【that was reported in Thailand】 captured the attention of officials from WHO.
  • capture(=draw) the attention of sb. 引起某人的关注
• She has the confidence 【with which she can overcome every ++obstacle++（障碍=barrier=setback=handicap=adversity） 【that she may come across in her life】】.

定语从句的省略

• The boy 【++who++（做宾语） the teacher praised just now】 is my brother.
• 当关系词做从句的宾语，可以直接审阅，故当各两个名词靠在一起的时候，可能是省略了做宾语的关系词
• I know the girl 【++who++（做主语） comes from Beijing】.
  • 当关系词在从句中充当主语时，可以省略，后面的动词发 生形式变化——
    • 主动语态时，动词变成-ING形式
    • 被动语态时，动词保留过去分词形式
    • I know the girl ++who comes++（=coming） from BJ.（分词做定语-定语从句的省略）
• I often like reading short novels ++which++（做主语） were written by Hemingway.
  • I often like reading short novels ==written== by Hemingway
• I raise a dog ++which++ is named KING.
  • I raise a dog named KING.
• I believe the ++candidate++（申请者） ++who++ made the speech in the assembly yesterday is sure to win the support.
  • be sure to：一定做...
  • I believe the candidate ==making== the speech in the assembly yesterday is sure to win the support.
• ==识别标志==
  • 名词+v-ing/v-ed：分词做后置定语
  • 特殊情况：being down
    • I raise a dog ++which++ is named KING.
    • 在老外眼里：被动语态还可以看作be+adj.所以这句话还可以为
    • I raise a dog being named KING.

阶段真题演练

• America and Americans were ++prosperous++（繁荣=flourishing=thriving） beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians 【++whose++ economies the war had destroyed】.

• For a while, it looked as though the making of ++semiconductors++（半导体）,which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next ++casualty++（随意地）.

  • casual 随意，休闲，牺牲品

• People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” 【（which was）==launched== by the 19th-century department stores 【that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere】.”】

  • 翻译：越碎越好

• The emphasis on data （which are）==gathered== first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective （which is）brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and ++distinctly++ important social science.

  • distinctly：修饰adj.→非常；修饰句子→显然

• As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.

  • as+名词：作为...

• This trend began during the Second World War,【 when several governments came to the conclusion 【that the specific demands 【that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment】 cannot generally be foreseen in detail】.】