法律英语每日一词7-Offender

Offender N.

一、释义

Someone who has committed a crime esp., one who has been convicted of a crime.

违法者，罪犯，通常指触犯刑律的人，含轻刑犯和违反交通法规者。

二、词组精选

adult offender  成年犯

1)  Someone who has committed a crime after reaching the age of majority.

2)  Someone who, having committed a crime while a minor, has been convicted after reaching the age of majority

3)  A juvenile who has committed a crime and is tried as an adult rather than a juvenile.

first offender  初犯

Someone who authorities believe has committed a crime but who has never before been convicted of a crime.

First offenders are often treated leniently[1] at sentencing or in plea negotiation.

habitual offender  惯犯

Someone who commits the same or similar offense a certain number of times in a certain period, as set by statute, and is therefore eligible for an enhanced sentence.

指因刑事犯罪而被多次定罪判刑，且犯罪已成为其生活的正常组成部分的人。一般对之处以延长期限的监禁或采取其他特殊处理方式。

situational offender  情景性犯罪者

A first-time offender who is unlikely to commit future crime.

status offender (轻微违法未构成犯罪的)少年犯

A youth who engages in conduct that --though not criminal by adult standards --is considered inappropriate enough to bring a charge against the youth in juvenile court, a juvenile who commits a status offense. Cf. youthful offender.

youthful offender  青年犯

1)  A person in a late adolescence or early adulthood who has been convicted of a crime.

A youthful offender is often eligible for special programs not available to older offenders, including community supervision, the successful completion of which may lead to erasing the conviction from the offender's record.

一般指年龄在18岁到25岁之间的违法的年轻人，对这些年轻人在量刑时给予特殊的考虑。美国联邦和各州地法律确定青年违法者的身份目的旨在通过在监狱中为其提供就业、教育、咨询等服务及防止他们接触其他年长且有经验的罪犯，使其成功的回归社会。对青年违法者还可采取一些诸如社区监督的特殊措施，如青年违法者表现良好，即可消除其犯罪记录。

2)  Juvenile Delinquency---Also termed young offender;youth offender. Cf. status offender.

(来源：Black's Law Dictionary, 《元照英美法词典》，《英汉法律用语词典》）