｛R语言学习日记｝Day2 概览

大家好，我是William李梓峰，欢迎阅读我的 R 语言学习日记。

官方文档链接：
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/r/r_overview.htm

R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics representation and reporting. R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team.
R 语言是一门编程语言，它能够处理数理统计建模分析，数据可视化和数据报表。R 语言由新西兰的奥克兰大学的两名老师 Ross Ihaka 和 Robert Gentleman 所创建，现在由 R 语言核心开发小组负责维护更新。

The core of R is an interpreted computer language which allows branching and looping as well as modular programming using functions. R allows integration with the procedures written in the C, C++, .Net, Python or FORTRAN languages for efficiency.
R 语言的核心概念就是作为一门解释型编程语言，提供程序逻辑编写能力以及程序函数式模块化的能力。R 语言能够集成 C、C++、.Net、Python 或 FORTRAN 这些编程语言。

R is freely available under the GNU General Public License, and pre-compiled binary versions are provided for various operating systems like Linux, Windows and Mac.
R 语言是完全开源免费的，使用 GNU 通用公共开源协议，提供了预编译的二进制版本，用于 Linux，Windows 以及 Mac。

R is free software distributed under a GNU-style copy left, and an official part of the GNU project called GNU S.
R 语言在 GNU 开源协议指导下免费分发传播，而这协议在 GNU 项目中就称为 GNU S。

Evolution of R

R 的历史进程

R was initially written by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the Department of Statistics of the University of Auckland in Auckland, New Zealand. R made its first appearance in 1993.
R 语言，于1993年新西兰的奥克兰大学统计学部，由 Ross Ihaka 和 Robert Gentleman 共同发明。

A large group of individuals has contributed to R by sending code and bug reports.
一个大型工业级组织通过提交代码和漏洞报告来贡献 R 语言。

Since mid-1997 there has been a core group (the "R Core Team") who can modify the R source code archive.
自从1997年年中以来，就有一个称为 R 语言核心团队的组织负责维护 R 语言的源代码。

Features of R

R语言的特点

As stated earlier, R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics representation and reporting. The following are the important features of R −
正如前篇所讲的，R 语言是一门编程语言，提供统计分析，数据可视化和数据报表的功能。以下是关于 R 语言的一些重要特性 -

R is a well-developed, simple and effective programming language which includes conditionals, loops, user defined recursive functions and input and output facilities.
R 语言是一门易上手又强大的编程语言，包含逻辑条件判断，循环体，递归函数以及输入输出功能。

R has an effective data handling and storage facility,
R 语言拥有强效的数据处理以及数据存储能力。

R provides a suite of operators for calculations on arrays, lists, vectors and matrices.
R 语言提供一堆操作运算符，用于数组，列表，向量以及矩阵的运算。

R provides a large, coherent and integrated collection of tools for data analysis.
R 语言提供一整套丰富可集成的统计分析工具。

R provides graphical facilities for data analysis and display either directly at the computer or printing at the papers.
R 语言提供数据可视化工具。

As a conclusion, R is world’s most widely used statistics programming language. It's the # 1 choice of data scientists and supported by a vibrant and talented community of contributors. R is taught in universities and deployed in mission critical business applications. This tutorial will teach you R programming along with suitable examples in simple and easy steps.
总的来说，R语言是目前最广泛使用的统计编程语言。它是研究数据科学的第一选择，并由一帮杰出天才的社区贡献者维护。R 语言在大学课程中被教授于各个学生，而且还在各种商业应用中部署使用。本教程会一步一步地通过讲解那些简单容易的例子来让你循序渐进地学会 R 语言。