法律英语每日一词11-Loss(2)

constructive total loss（保险法）推定全损    =constructive loss

1）Such serious damage to the insured property that the cost of repairs would exceed the value of the thing repaired.

2) Marine underwriting【海上保险】. According to the traditional American rule, such serious damage to the insured property that the cost of repair would exceed half of the thing repaired.

指被保险财产虽未完全灭失毁损，但已不能修复，完全丧失使用价值，被保险人已不能从中获益，应推定财产全损并获得全部赔偿。

economic loss   经济损失

在产品责任诉讼中对经济损失的赔偿包括对瑕疵产品的修理或替换所需费用，以及由于价值不足而产生的商业损失【commercial loss】和因失去利润或使用效益而产生的间接损失。

general average loss   共同海损的损失

Marine underwriting. A loss at sea usu. incurred when cargo is thrown overboard to save the ship; a loss due to the voluntary and intentional sacrifice of parts of a venture (usu. cargo) to save the rest of the venture from imminent peril.

因共同海损措施的采取所造成的特殊牺牲或费用。

intangible loss   无形损失

The damage caused by the disruption of an intangible right or benefit.

一种非经济上的损失。可包括由原告人所蒙受的侮辱、生活享受的丧失及自尊的丧失。由一般损害赔偿的判给补偿。例如就平等机会而言，即使受损害的感受不能以金钱价值评估，判给亦不应属象征性，否则会轻视或减少对公共政策的尊重。

net operating loss 经营净损失

The  excess of operating expense over revenues, the amount of which can be deducted from gross income of other deductions do not exceed gross income.

指经营费用超过收益的余额，如果其他扣减项目的总金额未超过总收入，则该余额可从总收入中扣减。

paper loss  账面损失     =unrealized loss

A loss that id realized only by selling something (such as a security) that has decreased in market value.

已发生而尚未实现的损失，如持有的证券价格下跌，则会有账面损失，但只有在抛售之后，才会变为实际损失。

pecuniary loss   金钱损失

A loss of money or of something having monetary value.

指金钱或其他有价值财产的损失，也指可期待的金钱或其他有价值财产的损失。

salvage loss   海难救助损失

1） Generally, a loss that presumptively would have been a total loss of certain services had not been rendered.

2) Marine underwriting. The difference between the salvage value, less the salvage charges, and the original value of the insured property.

海上保险术语，指由于救助人的救助行为而避免的被保财产的损失总额，亦即被保护财产因救助而仍得以保存之部分的财产价值。  被保险财产的保险价值减去救助报酬和费用即为救助损失。

(来源：Black's Law Dictionary，《元照英美法词典》，《英汉法律用语词典》）