一、Nginx安装
Nginx安装方法：
1、YUM安装
2、编译安装
安装参数：
#/configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
# make && make install
二、生成证书(略)
可以使用openssl生成证书：
可参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/c229883c9e66
比如生成如下两个证书文件（假设存放路径为/etc/nginx/cert/）：
wangshuai.pem
wangshuai.key
三、修改Nginx配置
server {
listen 443;
server_name www.wangshuai.tech;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/wangshuai.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/wangshuai.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
access_log /var/log/nginx/443-access.log main;
error_log /var/log/nginx/443-error.log;
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
http访问强制跳转到https
网站添加了https证书后，当http方式访问网站时就会报404错误，所以需要做http到https的强制跳转设置.
一、采用nginx的rewrite方法
- 下面是将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上。
例如将所有的www.wangshuai.tech域名的http访问强制跳转到https。
下面配置均可以实现：
配置1：
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.wangshuai.tech;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /var/log/nginx/80-access.log main;
error_log /var/log/nginx/80-error.log;
rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; //这是ngixn早前的写法，现在还可以使用。
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
也可以改为下面
rewrite ^/(.\*)$ https://www.wangshuai.tech/$1 permanent;
或者
rewrite ^ https://www.wangshuai.tech$request_uri? permanent;
配置2：
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.wangshuai.tech;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /var/log/nginx/80-access.log main;
error_log /var/log/nginx/80-error.log;
return 301 https:/ /$server_name$request_uri; /这是nginx最新支持的写法
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
配置3：
这种方式适用于多域名的时候，即访问wangshuai.tech的http也会强制跳转到https://www.wangshuai.tech上面
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.wangshuai.tech wangshuai.tech *.wangshibo.tech;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /var/log/nginx/80-access.log main;
error_log /var/log/nginx/80-error.log;
if ($host ~* "^wangshuai.tech$") {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://www.wangshuai.tech/ permanent;
}
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
配置4：
下面是最简单的一种配置`
server {`
listen 80;
server_name www.wangshuai.tech;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /var/log/nginx/80-access.log main;
error_log /var/log/nginx/80-error.log;
if ($host = "www.wangshuai.tech") {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://www.wangshuai.tech permanent;`
}
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
二、采用nginx的497状态码
497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS
解释：当网站只允许https访问时，当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码
思路：利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https://www.wangshuai.tech这个域名上
配置实例：
如下访问www.wangshuai.tech或者wangshuai.tech的http都会被强制跳转到https
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.wangshuai.tech wangshuai.tech *.wangshuai.tech;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /var/log/nginx/80-access.log main;
error_log /var/log/nginx/80-error.log;
error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
也可以将80和443的配置放在一起：
server {
listen 127.0.0.1:443; #ssl端口
listen 127.0.0.1:80; #用户习惯用http访问，加上80，后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口 `
server_name www.wangshuai.tech;
#为一个server{......}开启ssl支持 `
ssl on;
#指定PEM格式的证书文件 `
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/wangshuai.pem;
#指定PEM格式的私钥文件 `
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/wangshuai.key;
#让http请求重定向到https请求 `
error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
三、利用meta的刷新作用将http跳转到https
上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源，可以借鉴百度使用的方法：巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用，将http跳转到https
可以基于http://www.wangshuai.tech的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html，内容就是http向https的跳转
将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf`
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.wangshuai.tech wangshuai.tech *.wangshuai.tech;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /var/log/nginx/80-access.log main;
error_log /var/log/nginx/80-error.log;
#将404的页面重定向到https的首页 `
error_page 404 https://www.wangshuai.tech/;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
下面是nginx反代tomcat，并且http强制跳转至https。
访问http://www.wangshuai.tech和访问http://121.43.168.113:8080/wps/结果是一样的
[root@Btomcat-server]# cat wps.conf`
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.wangshuai.tech;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log logs/access.log;
error_log logs/error.log;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
location ~ / {
root /usr/sgare/nginx/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}
[root@tomcat-server]# cat ssl-wps.conf`
upstream tomcat8 {
server 121.43.168.113:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}
server {
listen 443;
server_name www.wangshuai.tech;
ssl on;
### SSL log files ###
access_log logs/ssl-access.log;
error_log logs/ssl-error.log;
### SSL cert files ###`
ssl_certificate ssl/wangshuai.pem;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshuai.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
location / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat8/wps/;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
proxy_redirect off;
}
}
四、通过proxy_redirec方式
解决办法：
# re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /homeproxy_redirect http:// https://;