雅思练习笔记之写作技巧(摘取自知乎）
一、 备考材料
1、 Dominic ielts网站Free online IELTS preparation with Dominic Cole -
2、simon ebook
二、IDEA
如果说structure是一篇作文的骨架，idea和vocabulary肯定就是肉肉啦。积累一些通用的或是针对话题特定的idea和相关vocab是首先要解决的问题。
1、 所用材料
①simon ebook ”Ideas for IELTS Topics”
②dominic网站 vocabulary部分
段落练习（就是提供了一些idea）
Regulation of advertising
There is little doubt that there should be some regulation of advertising, but it is unclear who should be responsible for this and how the regulations should apply. On one level, in the free market, companies should be allowed to promote their products and services as they see fit. However, there are surely some instances when it would be inappropriate for there to be no restrictions on advertising. For example, tobacco and alcohol companies should not be allowed to buy advertising time on television and radio.
Dominic中的vocab页有很多是口语中的，且不同的话题里包含的内容形式不同。有些是词汇+句子+范文，有些可能就只有词汇。所以词汇和思路方面倒是以simon的电子书为主，dominic网站为辅。
2、 如何利用
①时间安排
这里我把整个写作复习阶段（一个月）每天的时间安排说一下：
⑴ simon电子书上的topic 1个/天，简单记下思路和用词
⑵如果dominic上有相应的话题，积累其词汇句型等作为补充
⑶找出dominic上相关话题的范文题目，自己写
⑷对照dominic的范文，改自己的文章
②以Advertising为例
Step1. Simon电子书中“广告”话题下有三个部分：advantages, disadvantages, opinions
比如disadvantages方面
”Negatives”
Advertising manipulates people
It aims to persuade people that buying a product will make them happier
Advertisers focus on selling a brand image
They use glamorous, successful people
We now live in a consumer culture
We are persuaded to follow the latest trend
We are encouraged to associate certain brands with a higher status
Advertisers often aim their marketing at children
Children can easily be influenced by advertisements.
Children put pressure on parents to buy them things
注：在这里我想强调一句，我们学习词汇和思路并不是写作的目的，因为论点是否漂亮并不是剑桥雅思的评分标准，我考试的题目是crime相关，我的论证思路很简单，让步段讲好处，转折段讲坏处，并且好坏处是很容易想到的弱智论点，考后我看了各类网上名师的范文感觉自己写偏了，可是事实证明只要论点靠谱，structure才是拿分的关键）我们积累大量词汇和思路只是为了在正式考试时短时间内有东西可以写，不至于浪费太多的时间想素材。我的观点是，idea是基础，structure是本质。
Step2. 补充积累dominic上关于advertising的词汇用法
单词包括：
Different forms of advertising(television commercial, radio spot, billboard, flyer, trailer…)
Adjectives to describe advertising(witty, persuasive, misleading, word-of-mouth…)
Other related words
段落包括：（更加细致的子话题讨论）
Children and advertising
Forms of advertising
How advertising works
The regulation of advertising
以the regulation of advertising为例：
Regulation of advertising
There is little doubt that there should be some regulation of advertising, but it is unclear who should be responsible for this and how the regulations should apply. On one level, in the free market, companies should be allowed to promote their products and services as they see fit.// However, there are surely some instances when it would be inappropriate for there to be no restrictions on advertising. For example, tobacco and alcohol companies should not be allowed to buy advertising time on television and radio.
（建议将vocab分为两种，1.通用类比如there are surely some instances when…2.特定话题类比如buyadvertising time on sth.）
Step3 积累相关话题表达和思路之后，自己动笔写
Step4 写完对比范文自己改
三、STRUCTURE
重中之重。这里的结构不是指该写四段还是五段，而是一种PEE的写作逻辑和如何保证cohesion & coherence（官方评分标准中强调的连贯度）
1、 PEE（Point-explain-example）
这是dominic的详细讲解，简单说来就是给出观点（一句话），解释观点（一两句话），给出一个例子。
这不是死板的模式，可以根据具体情况灵活变通，关键就在于先明晰观点再加以阐述，最好来个例子。
仍以Advertising为例：
题目：Consumers are faced with increasing numbers of advertisements from competing companies. To what extent do you think are consumers influenced by advertisements? What measures can be taken to protect them?
练习：Inundated with advertisements in daily life, consumers are influenced without any conscious.(总起句，表明同意的态度，更simple一点比较好? 自改1 there is little doubt that consumers are persuaded by adverts without any conscious)
This can be obviously demonstrated with the case of junk food targeting children and cigarettes for young people. (这应该算是example 应放在detail的后面)(自改1 detail--it is a common sight of attractive images on most of the adverts. Example this is particularly evident in the case of junk food and cigarette targeting children or juveniles, who can hardly resist the temptation of mouthwatering hamburgers and fried chips on display and then buy them without thinking)
Advertisements of these products which are actively unhealthy are persuasive by presenting some attract without a second thought.// Products endorsed by celebrities can also be memorable and influential. (point-->similarly, advertising of products endorsed by celebrities could also be misleading in some ways)
That is to say, if Miranda Kerr is using a brand of shampoo in a television commercial, countless number of girls will be likely to follow suit since most people tend to imitate the lifestyle of famous stars.(example)A further illustration is that when you are watching a movie in a theater, you would possibly have no idea that t t because you’ve already got familiar with their names.(三个方面果然比较多了…直接上example会不会不太好啊，自己的逻辑更倾向于example-explain分析原因，算了还是老实改改吧 details-->subsequently, there are also less obvious categories of advertising, say billboards by the roadside, flyers on the streets. Example-->A further illustration is that when you are watching a movie in a theater, you would possibly have no idea that the latest goods are also on display.)
分析范文
The first point to make is that advertising does make us spend money we do not need to.[总起, the general idea]main idea其实就是很simple的同不同意，其中根据get ideas出的挑一个深入说// There are nowadays so many different ways companies promote their products and services, ranging from television commercials to simple flyers that we cannot escape it[detail, there were; -ing; so…that..]// If, for example, you watch a football match on television, you will see the logos of the tournament sponsors. Likewise, if you watch the latest blockbuster movie, very probably you will see a product placed in the film by some advertising agency.[example, if…you will; 例子用likewise连接; -ed]//The volume of this advertising means that we, as consumers, tend to be profoundly influenced by it and buy without thinking.[与general idea呼应, …means…] --> 每一个小段的结构也是跟大essay是一样的:总分总
注：这个需要自己不断写改之后摸索出适合自己的模式，所以我无法概括地说哪一种是普适的，但换汤不换药，PEE是万模式之源。
2、 连贯
Dominic网站我利用率最高的有三部分：
第一、Vocabulary部分IELTS vocabulary
上文中提过，这是用来收集思路词汇的
第二、Skills部分 IELTS writing task 2
这一部分最为详细，各类写作技巧，我花了两天时间看完的，其中PEE和cohesion的观点对我帮助非常非常大，建议大家仔细看。
第三、Sample部分Sample IELTS essays
这一部分的题目主要用来练习，并用范文作为修改自己文章的根据
PEE讲的其实就是段落中的连贯，一篇文章中需要连贯之处有：一个论点（PEE）中的连贯、论点间的连贯、段落间的连贯。这里我觉得讲的理论性足够了，但实用性还欠缺。其实就是需要自己总结出一些通用的结构性连接性语言。我自己总结了一些，不完全列举如下：
提出point：The first point to make is that… There can be no doubt that…It could be argued that
引出example：A good illustration of this is…This is particularly the case…
引出下一个point：There is also the consideration that…The impact on… should not be forgotten
同样地，这需要自己从范文中积累，一些很简单的词比如second, another point等等都是十分有用的，我上面列出的这些句子有些稍显冗余，需要根据特定环境来选择。这些万能的结构句被我称作skeleton，因为完全就是可以随便贴肉上去的通用骨架。
四、学会分类
这个主要就是在考前冲刺时的工作。我的总复习时长是一个月，刚刚也提到simon电子书上是24个话题，每天练习一个话题，刚好剩最后一周的时间可以用来总结。
总结对象就是练习的文章，dominic上的范文题目大概有30个。那总结些什么呢。
1、 话题
相同话题的题目在思路和词汇方面有共通之处，我大致分出了Advertising, Animal rights, Environment, Education, Government,
Technology, Employment, Health, Globalization, Crime等话题，感觉雅思出题基本都是围绕这些来的。
2、 问题类型
同样的问题类型的文章架构也是差不多的，比如Agree&Disagree的处理方法和Advantanges&Disadvantages的处理方法当然是有差别的，我大致分出了同不同意型，优缺点型，双边讨论型，原因+解决型等等。
将30篇题目分出来就像这样啦
3、 连接词-->做出属于自己的模板
比如上场率最高的同不同意型
我考前弄的模板是这样的（不完全截图，因为太多了不能一一截下来）
