用户注册
用户信息表
扩展自带的user表字段，配置如下：
app/models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
"""扩展用户信息表"""
nickname = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='昵称', null=True, blank=True)
telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, blank=True, null=True, unique=True, verbose_name='手机号码')
avatar = models.FileField(verbose_name='头像',upload_to='user/%Y/%m',default='static/img/default.jpg')
def __str__(self):
return self.username
class Meta:
verbose_name = '用户信息'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
db_table='用户信息'
settings.py：AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'app01.UserInfo'
auth模块
from django.contrib import auth, login, logout, authenticate
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
查询用户：根据用户名和密码信息匹配用户，`authenticate(username='alex',password='abc123')，匹配到则返回用户对象。
用户登录：login(request,user)，在session表中创建或更新session_data信息。
注销用户：logout(request)，删除session表中的记录。
明文密码加密保存：
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password
user = UserProfile.objects.filter(...)
user.password = make_password(pwd) # 转换成密码保存
user.save()
重置密码：
# 先检查输入密码是否与数据库中的密码一致，返回布尔值；
request.user.check_password(old_pwd)
# 设置新密码
request.user.set_password(new_pwd)
# 保存密码
request.user.save()
django-form实现注册
static常用
静态文件下载：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1enDck7W-NSW0St2h4XiHBA
urls.py：
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views as app1_view
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^register/', app1_view.register),
url(r'^captcha/', app1_view.get_valid_img), # 验证码路径
]
from django.views.static import serve
from pro_2 import settings
# 仅限于debug模式
urlpatterns += [
url(r'^media/(?P.*)$', serve, {
'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT,
}),
]
app/forms.py：自定制django的RegisterForm，自定制error_messages以及使用局部钩子和全局钩子函数对信息进行多重验证验证。
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import ValidationError
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
# 可以在error_messages中自定义错误信息
username = forms.CharField(min_length=2, error_messages={'required':'用户名不能为空','min_length':'至少为4位'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder": "用户名"}))
password1 = forms.CharField(min_length=4, error_messages={'required':'密码不能为空','min_length':'至少为4位'},
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"placeholder": "密码1"}))
password2 = forms.CharField(min_length=4, error_messages={'required':'密码不能为空','min_length':'至少为4位'},
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"placeholder": "密码2"}))
email = forms.EmailField(max_length=50, error_messages={'required':'邮箱不能为空格','min_length':'至少为4位'},
widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={"placeholder": "邮箱"}))
valid_code = forms.CharField(min_length=6, error_messages={'required':'验证码不能为空','min_length':'至少为6位',
},
max_length=6, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder": "验证码"}))
def __init__(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.request = request
def clean_password1(self):
'''自定义密码检测'''
if self.cleaned_data['password1'].isalpha() or self.cleaned_data['password1'].isdigit():
raise ValidationError('密码不能全为数字或者字母')
else:
return self.cleaned_data['password1']
def clean_password2(self):
'''自定义密码检测'''
if len(self.cleaned_data['password2']) < 6:
raise ValidationError('密码长度小于六位')
elif self.cleaned_data['password2'].isalpha() or self.cleaned_data['password2'].isdigit():
raise ValidationError('密码不能全为数字或者字母')
else:
return self.cleaned_data['password2']
def clean_valid_code(self):
'''检测验证码是否匹配'''
if self.cleaned_data["valid_code"].upper() == self.request.session["valid_code"].upper():
return self.cleaned_data["valid_code"]
else:
print('验证码错误')
raise ValidationError("验证码错误！")
def clean(self):
'''密码一致性检测'''
if self.cleaned_data.get('password1','') == self.cleaned_data.get('password2',''):
return self.cleaned_data
else:
raise ValidationError("密码不一致")
register.html：注意提前导入Jquery模块，可以实现django-form上传用户注册信息，包括动态验证码和上传图片动态显示功能。
{% load static %}
注册页面
views.py：注册视图逻辑，且包括自定制验证码。
################################## 自定义验证码逻辑
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
from io import BytesIO
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from string import ascii_letters, digits
import random
from random import randint
def generate_code():
"""生成六位数随机验证码"""
code = "".join(random.sample(ascii_letters + digits, 6))
return code
def get_random_color():
return (randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255))
def get_valid_img(request):
code = generate_code()
request.session['valid_code'] = code
# 1. 生成图片,颜色随机
img = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(213, 35), color=get_random_color())
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') # 生成绘板对象
# 2. 向图片写入内容
font = ImageFont.truetype("static/fonts/kumo.ttf", 36) # 字体样式必须引入, 字体大小
# 保证每次生成不同的问题,且位数保证6位
draw.text([60, 0], code, color=get_random_color(), font=font) # 参数,:坐标, 文字, 颜色, 字体样式
# 3. 保存到内存
f = BytesIO()
img.save(f, 'png')
# 4. 读取图片
data = f.getvalue()
# 方式5, 验证码更新,必须是局部刷新,点击刷新
return HttpResponse(data)
################################# 用户注册视图逻辑
from app01.forms import RegisterForm
from django.shortcuts import render
from app01.models import UserInfo
def register(request):
if request.method == "GET":
register_form = RegisterForm(request)
return render(request, 'register.html', {
'register_form': register_form,
})
elif request.method == 'POST':
register_form = RegisterForm(request, request.POST,request.FILES)
if register_form.is_valid():
username = register_form.cleaned_data.get('username', '')
password = register_form.cleaned_data.get('password1', '')
email = register_form.cleaned_data.get('email', '')
file = request.FILES.get('avatar')
UserInfo.objects.create_user(username=username, password=password, email=email, avatar=file,is_active=False)
return HttpResponse('注册成功')
errors = register_form.errors
return render(request,'register.html',{'errors':errors,'register_form':register_form})
Ajax实现注册
django-simple-captcha模块
用户登录
当is_active=false时，auth.authenticate(username,passwod)一直是返回none.
Ajax实现用户登录
urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from app01 import views as app1_view
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^login/', app1_view.my_login),
url(r'^captcha/', app1_view.get_valid_img),
]
views.py
# ajax实现用户登录====================================
from django.contrib import auth
import json
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password
def my_login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
errors = {}
flag=True
# 1,从session中获取本次请求生成的图片代码
code = request.session.get("valid_code", '').upper()
# 2. 获取用户提交的数据
username = request.POST.get('username',"")
pwd = request.POST.get('password',"")
if not username:
errors['password'] = '密码不能为空'
flag=False
if not username:
errors['username'] = '用户名不能为空'
flag=False
valid_code = request.POST.get('valid_code',"")
# 3. 判断验证码是否合格
if valid_code.upper() != code:
errors['valid_code']='验证码有误'
flag=False
# 4. 根据用户名和密码从数据库查询匹配的用户
user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=pwd)
if user and flag==True:
# 5. 找到用户,则创建或修改session信息, 修改为登录状态
auth.login(request, user)
return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'status': "success",'errors':{}}), content_type="application/json")
errors['error_msg']='有户名或密码有误'
return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'status': "fail", 'errors': errors,}),content_type="application/json")
elif request.method == "GET":
return render(request, 'login.html', {
})
login.html:
登录页面
django froms实现密码找回
两组功能：忘记密码和重置密码．
忘记密码
app01.forms.py：构建注册和密码重置表单的form，同样利用自定义错误信息和利用全局和局部钩子，在调用is_valid()方法时，会根据自定义的验证信息进行验证，再将错误信息封装到form.errors内．
from django import forms
from app01.models import UserInfo
# ==========================忘记密码页面
class ForgetPwdForms(forms.Form):
email = forms.EmailField(max_length=30,error_messages={'required': '验证码不能为空'})
valid_code = forms.CharField(min_length=6, error_messages={'required': '验证码不能为空', 'min_length': '至少为6位'},
max_length=6, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder": "验证码"}))
def __init__(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
super(ForgetPwdForms, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.request = request
def clean_email(self):
email = self.cleaned_data['email']
user = UserInfo.objects.filter(email=email)
if user:
return email
raise ValidationError('该邮箱没有注册')
def clean_valid_code(self):
'''检测验证码是否匹配'''
if self.cleaned_data["valid_code"].upper() == self.request.session["valid_code"].upper():
return self.cleaned_data["valid_code"]
else:
print('验证码错误')
raise ValidationError("验证码错误！")
forget_pwd.html：需要用户填写邮箱和验证码．
忘记密码
views.py：需要通过邮箱发送邮件，类似与链接http://127.0.0.1:8000/reset_pwd/IUMp7GH3KW94mTYdxfVcoyN21Bjs5FPS．
from django.views import View
from app01.forms import ForgetPwdForms,ResetPwdForms
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,redirect
from app01.models import EmailValidCode
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password
def generate_email_code():
"""生成32位数随机验证码"""
code = "".join(random.sample(ascii_letters + digits, 32))
return code
from django.core.mail import send_mail # django自带的邮件发送模块
from pro_2.settings import EMAIL_FROM
def send_email(code,email):
"""发送邮件"""
email_title = '博客忘记密码'
email_body = '请点击下面的链接重置密码: http://127.0.0.1:8000/reset_pwd/{0}'.format(code)
# 固定格式书写
send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, EMAIL_FROM, [email])
if send_status:
print('发送成功')
class ForgetPwdView(View):
def get(self, request):
forget_form = ForgetPwdForms(request)
return render(request, 'forget_pwd.html',{
'forget_form':forget_form,
})
def post(self, request):
forget_form = ForgetPwdForms(request,request.POST)
if forget_form.is_valid():
email = forget_form.cleaned_data['email']
user = UserInfo.objects.filter(email=email)
if user:
# 生成邮箱验证码记录
code = generate_email_code()
email_code = EmailValidCode(code=code,email=email)
email_code.save()
# 发送邮件
send_email(email=email,code=code)
return HttpResponse('请前往邮箱查收!')
errors = forget_form.errors
return render(request, 'forget_pwd.html', {'errors': errors, 'forget_form': forget_form})
setting.py增加以下配置，不过密码需要自己百度方法．
EMAIL_HOST = "smtp.qq.com"
EMAIL_PORT = 25
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'qq邮箱手动填入'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'qgmlmnhulqupbdij'
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
EMAIL_FROM = EMAIL_HOST_USER
密码重置功能
自定义的forms.py：
from django import forms
from app01.models import UserInfo
class ResetPwdForms(forms.Form):
password1 = forms.CharField(min_length=6, max_length=20,
error_messages={'required':'密码不能为空','min_length':'至少为6位','max_length':'最多为20位'})
password2 = forms.CharField(min_length=6, max_length=20,
error_messages={'required':'密码不能为空','min_length':'至少为6位','max_length':'最多为20位'})
def __init__(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
super(ResetPwdForms, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.request = request
def clean_password2(self):
'''自定义密码检测'''
# if len(self.cleaned_data['password2']) < 6:
# raise ValidationError('密码长度小于六位')
if self.cleaned_data['password2'].isalpha() or self.cleaned_data['password2'].isdigit():
raise ValidationError('密码不能全为数字或者字母')
else:
return self.cleaned_data['password2']
def clean_password1(self):
'''自定义密码检测'''
# if len(self.cleaned_data['password1']) < 6:
# raise ValidationError('密码长度小于六位')
if self.cleaned_data['password1'].isalpha() or self.cleaned_data['password1'].isdigit():
raise ValidationError('密码不能全为数字或者字母')
else:
return self.cleaned_data['password1']
def clean(self):
'''密码一致性检测'''
if self.cleaned_data.get('password1') == self.cleaned_data.get('password2'):
return self.cleaned_data
else:
raise ValidationError("密码不一致")
前端页面password_reset.html：
重置密码
路由配置urls：
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from app01 import views as app1_view
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^reset_pwd/(\w+)/', app1_view.reset_pwd,name='reset_pwd'),
]
视图逻辑views.py：通过url接收参数，即为验证码，再通过表记录查询出对应的邮箱，从而找出user信息，进行密码修改．
from app01.forms import ForgetPwdForms,ResetPwdForms
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,redirect
from app01.models import EmailValidCode
def reset_pwd(request, code):
if request.method=='GET':
pwd_form = ResetPwdForms(request)
return render(request,'password_reset.html',{'pwd_form':pwd_form})
if request.method=='POST':
pwd_form = ResetPwdForms(request,request.POST)
if pwd_form.is_valid():
password = pwd_form.cleaned_data['password1']
# 取用户信息
email_code = EmailValidCode.objects.filter(code=code)
if email_code:
email=email_code[0].email
user = UserInfo.objects.filter(email=email).first()
user.password=make_password(password)
user.save()
return redirect('/login/')
errors = pwd_form.errors
return render(request, 'password_reset.html', {'pwd_form':pwd_form,'errors':errors})
index.html：在主页面设置链接．
主页面
当前用户{{ request.user.username }}
忘记密码
登录
注册
分页组件开发
思路:
- 可以采用输入url传输当前的页数, 例如:
127.0.0.1/index.html/?page=1,获取第一页的内容, 随后在视图函数通过int(request.GET.get('path'))来取出当前要获取的页码, 若规定每页显示10条数据, 当前页为1的话, 要显示的数据索引为[0, 10], 取出对应的数据列表,返回给前端; - 在前端建立a标签列表, 配置url的page参数即可, 缺点是不能动态生成;
- 在后端建立a标签列表字符串, 使其自动生成, 传输到前端使用
make_safe, 此过程涉及到计算最大页码数, 根据最大数据量和每页显示的数据计算即可; - 当前页高亮显示;
- 配置上一页和下一页;
- 固定页码数显示, 若数据量很大的话,会造成页码过多,所以要显示最大显示的页码数;
- 整合成类
自定义pagenator类
自定义分页类Paginator，样式采用bootstrap．
class Paginator(object):
def __init__(self, current_page=1, total_count=0, show_page_num=5,per_page_count=0,obj_lst =[]):
"""
:param current_page: 当前页码
:param total_count: 数据总条数
:param per_page_count: 每页显示的条数
:param show_page_num: 显示页码数
"""
self.current_page = int(current_page)
self.per_page_count = int(per_page_count)
self.show_page_num = int(show_page_num)
self.total_count = int(total_count)
self.obj_lst = obj_lst
a, b = divmod(self.total_count, self.per_page_count)
if b:
total_pages = a + 1
else:
total_pages = a
self.total_pages = total_pages # 最大页数
@property
def start(self):
"""
:return: 返回当前页的第一个数据的索引, 配合end方法使用,取出当前页的所有数据;
"""
return (self.current_page - 1) * self.per_page_count
@property
def end(self):
"""
:return: 返回当前页的最后一套数据的数据的索引
"""
return self.current_page * self.per_page_count
@property
def page_data(self):
return self.obj_lst[self.start:self.end]
@property
def html_str(self):
""" 生成分页文本"""
# 1. 制作上一页和下一页---------------------------------------
if self.current_page <= 1:
prev_p = '上一页 '
else:
prev_p = '上一页 ' % (self.current_page - 1)
if self.current_page >= self.total_pages:
next_p = '下一页 '
else:
next_p = '下一页 ' % (self.current_page + 1)
# 2. 确保显示的页码数相同-----------------------------难点
if self.total_pages < self.show_page_num:
pager_start,pager_end=1,self.show_page_num+1
else:
if self.current_page<=self.show_page_num:
pager_start,pager_end=1,self.total_pages+1
else:
pager_start = self.current_page - self.show_page_num
pager_end = self.current_page + self.show_page_num+1
if self.current_page + self.show_page_num+1 > self.total_pages:
pager_start = self.total_pages - self.show_page_num
pager_end = self.total_pages
# 3. 制作当前页的页码显示------------------------------------
page_list = []
for i in range(pager_start, pager_end+1):
if i == self.current_page:
# 当前页高亮显示
page_list.append('%s ' % (i, i))
else:
page_list.append('%s ' % (i, i))
# 4. 将页码拼接成字符串
page_str = ' '.join(page_list)
# 5. 加上上一页和下一页
page_str = prev_p + page_str + next_p
return page_str
views.py使用：
class CourseListView(View):
def get(self,request):
sort = request.GET.get('sort', '')
all_courses = Course.objects.all()
page_num = request.GET.get('page')
if not page_num:page_num=1
p = Paginator(obj_lst=all_courses,per_page_count=1,total_count=all_courses.count(),current_page=page_num)
page_data = p.page_data
pager_str = p.html_str
return render(request, 'course-list.html', locals())
前端页面显示：用到bootstrap布局样式．
路由配置：
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from app01 import views as app1_view
urlpatterns = [
]
函数逻辑分析：
１０１条数据
每页１０条数据
当前页 ｎ
页码 数据
１ ［０：１０］
２ ［１０：２０］
３ ［２０：３０］
．．．
９ ［８０：９０］
１０ ［９０：１００］
１１ ［１０１］
通过以上的数据计算出总共的页数
101/10=10.1
上一页 １ ２ ３ ４ ５ ６ ７ ８ ９ １０ １１ 下一页
目标：
根据页码ｎ取出对应页的所有数据
例如：ｎ＝１０＞＞ Book.objects.all()［８０：９０］；
判断是否存在上一页和下一页
ｎ<=1
没有上一页
n>=total_page
没有下一页
显示的页码个数
当数据量很大的时候，例如根据计算页数达到１００甚至更多，那么也不能全部显示，怎么办？
规定最多显示９个页码：show_page_num=9
当计算后的 total_pages >9时，按照show_page_num为准；
若页码total_pages<=９时，那么直接显示即可；
# 需要重新组织标签字符串，有点难度，先不采用
'''
例如：total_pages＝100，show_page_num＝5
上一页 １ ２ ３ ４ ５ ... 100 下一页
上一页 １ ...4 ５ 6 7 8 ... 100 下一页
上一页 １ ...96 97 98 99 100 下一页
if current_page_num < 5:
上一页 １ ２ ３ ４ ５ ... 100 下一页
elif 5 < current_page_num < total_pages - 4:
上一页 １ ...4 ５ 6 7 8 ... 100 下一页
elif total_pages - 4 <= current_page_num <= total_pages:
上一页 １ ...96 97 98 99 100 下一页
'''
total_pages＝11，show_page_num＝5
上一页 １ ２ ３ ４ ５ 下一页
上一页 2 3 4 5 6 下一页
half_show_page_num = show_page_num / 2
page_start = current_page - half_show_page_num
pager_end = current_page + half_show_page_num + 1
例如：
c_page = 5
p_s = 5-2=3
p_e = 5+2+1=8
7 8 9 10 11
多级评论树
评论列表功能函数
此推导方法为多级递归通用方法!
# 传入的参数形式要求
comment_list = comment_list = [
{'id': 1, 'content': '1111', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents':[]},
...
]
# 转换成嵌套结果列表
def transform_list(comment_list):
comment_dict = {}
for d in comment_list:
id = d.get('id')
comment_dict[id] = d
for k in comment_dict:
parent_id = comment_dict[k]['parent_id']
if parent_id:
comment_dict[parent_id]['children_contents'].append(comment_dict[k])
res_list = []
for i in comment_dict:
if not comment_dict[i]['parent_id']:
res_list.append(comment_dict[i])
return res_list
# 结果形式
res_list = [{
'id': 8,
'content': '8888',
'parent_id': None,
'children_contents': []
}, ...]
推倒过程
-
模拟取出某文章的所有评论的部分信息如下,
comment_list = [ {'id': 1, 'content': '1111', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents': []}, {'id': 2, 'content': '2222', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents': []}, {'id': 3, 'content': '3333', 'parent_id': 1, 'children_contents': []}, {'id': 4, 'content': '4444', 'parent_id': 2, 'children_contents': []}, {'id': 5, 'content': '5555', 'parent_id': 4, 'children_contents': []}, {'id': 6, 'content': '6666', 'parent_id': 3, 'children_contents': []}, {'id': 7, 'content': '7777', 'parent_id': 6, 'children_contents': []}, {'id': 8, 'content': '8888', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents': []}, ] -
进一步构建数据结构,
{1: {'id':1, ...}, 2: {'id':2, ...},}comment_dict = {} for d in comment_list: id = d.get('id') comment_dict[id] = d ''' {1: {'id': 1, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents': []}, 2: {'id': 2, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents': []}, 3: {'id': 3, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 1, 'children_contents': []}, 4: {'id': 4, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 1, 'children_contents': []}, 5: {'id': 5, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 4, 'children_contents': []}, 6: {'id': 6, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 3, 'children_contents': []}, 7: {'id': 7, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 6, 'children_contents': []}, 8: {'id': 8, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents': []}, }
-
若存在父评论将每个评论放进其
parent_id对应的children_contents列表中for k in comment_dict: parent_id = comment_dict[k]['parent_id'] if parent_id: comment_dict[parent_id]['children_contents'].append(comment_dict[k]) ''' {1: {'id': 1, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents': [ {'id': 3, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 1, 'children_contents': [], {'id': 4, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 1, 'children_contents': []} ]}, 2: {'id': 2, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents': []}, 3: {'id': 3, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 1, 'children_contents': [ {'id': 6, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 3, 'children_contents': []}, ]}, 4: {'id': 4, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 1, 'children_contents': [ {'id': 5, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 4, 'children_contents': []}, ]}, 5: {'id': 5, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 4, 'children_contents': []}, 6: {'id': 6, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 3, 'children_contents': [ {'id': 7, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 6, 'children_contents': []}, ]}, 7: {'id': 7, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': 6, 'children_contents': []}, 8: {'id': 8, 'content': '...', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents': []}, } -
筛选出所有的根评论, 整理成列表形式
res_list = [] for i in comment_dict: if not comment_dict[i]['parent_id']: res_list.append(comment_dict[i]) res_list = [ { 'id': 1, 'content': '1111', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents': [{ 'id': 3, 'content': '3333', 'parent_id': 1, 'children_contents': [{ 'id': 6, 'content': '6666', 'parent_id': 3, 'children_contents': [{ 'id': 7, 'content': '7777', 'parent_id': 6, 'children_contents': [] }] }] }] }, { 'id': 2, 'content': '2222', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents': [{ 'id': 4, 'content': '4444', 'parent_id': 2, 'children_contents': [{ 'id': 5, 'content': '5555', 'parent_id': 4, 'children_contents': [] }] }] }, { 'id': 8, 'content': '8888', 'parent_id': None, 'children_contents': [] }]
-
遍历根评论(最关键)
## 要实现的结构 根评论1 子评论1 子评论1 根评论2 子评论3 子评论4 跟评论3 子评论5 子评论6 # 实现函数 def get_content(list): for d in list: print(d['content']) if d['children_contents']: # 递归,调用自身 get_content(d['children_contents']) get_content(res_list) # 打印的结果 1111 3333 6666 7777 2222 4444 5555 8888
Ajax动态生成多级评论树
# 前端页面代码
评论列表
自定义标签生成多级评论树
# urls.py========================================
url(r'^p/(\d{1,5})/', views.article_detail_page, name='article'),
# views.py======================================
def article_detail_page(request, pk):
article = Article.objects.filter(nid=int(pk)).first()
if not article:
return HttpResponse('资源页面不存在
')
return render(request, 'article_detail_2.html', {
'pk': pk,
'article': article,
})
# 前端页面======================================
# 其余的地方不变
{% user_comment request pk %}
# my_tags.py=====================================
from my_blog.models import Article
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render, redirect
from ..utils import transform_list
# 以下流程直接参考权限项目的菜单生成
# 根据文章id获取文章评论,且进行处理
def process_menu_data(pk):
article = Article.objects.filter(nid=int(pk)).first()
if not article:
return HttpResponse("资源不存在!
")
comment_list = list(article.comment_set.all().values('nid', 'content', 'user_id', 'parent_id_id'))
comment_list = transform_list(comment_list)
return comment_list
# 根据信息列表生成评论标签字符串
def produce_html(comment_list):
html = ''
tpl1 = """
{0}{1}
{2}
"""
for item in comment_list:
if item['children_contents']:
html += tpl1.format(item['user_id'], item['content'].strip(),
produce_html(item["children_contents"]))
else:
html += tpl1.format(item['user_id'], item['content'].strip(), '')
return html
from django.utils import safestring
# 自定义标签, 直接在模板中渲染出评论列表
@register.simple_tag
def user_comment(pk):
data = process_menu_data(pk)
html = safestring.mark_safe(produce_html(data))
return html
ajax实现评论
# 标签
提交评论
// views.py
def user_comment(request):
"""方法1, 直接在前端操作评论内容"""
user_id = request.user.nid
article_id = request.POST.get("article_id")
comment_content = request.POST.get("comment_content").strip()
# 若评论内容为空,则不添加任何信息
if not comment_content:
return HttpResponse('noy ok')
# 1. 查看是否是通过回复(有父评论)发送还是直接评论发送
if request.POST.get("parent_comment_id"):
# 2. 获取该评论的父级评论id并保存记录
c = int(request.POST.get("parent_comment_id"))
comment_obj = Comment.objects.create(article_id=article_id, content=comment_content, user_id=user_id,
parent_id_id=c)
else:
comment_obj = Comment.objects.create(article_id=article_id, content=comment_content, user_id=user_id)
from django.db.models import F
# 3. 对评论数量自加操作
Article.objects.filter(nid=article_id).update(comment_num=F("comment_num") + 1)
# 只传输创建时间过去
response_ajax = {"comment_createTime": str(comment_obj.create_time)[:16], } # 很关键,不去毫秒!
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(response_ajax), content_type='application/json')
Xadmin后台管理
django自带的admin系统
杀手级功能: 在新建项目时候已经自动生成!
1、创建超级用户:python manage.py createsuperuser
2、登录admin系统
3、配置文件修改
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans' // 修改后台界面语言为汉字
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' // 时区设置
USE_TZ = False //
4、注册表: 进入app下的admin.py文件
from .models import UserProfile
class UserProfileAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
pass
admin.site.register(UserProfile, UserProfileAdmin)
5、刷新admin页面即可
XAdmin后台
继承自admin.
安装xadmin模块, 同时也会安装相关依赖包:
pip install xadmin, 若安装出现错误,见安装xadmin在
setting.py将xadmin和crispy_forms放进INSTALLED_APPS中;同步xadmin自带的表:
python manage.py migrate-
修改
url.pyimport xadmin urlpatterns = [ url(r'^xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls), ]
PIP安装XAdmin
Downloading xadmin-0.6.1.tar.gz (1.0MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.0MB 547kB/s
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "C:\Users\leo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-thid_cll\xadmin\setup.py", line 11, in
long_description=open('README.rst').read(),
UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xa4 in position 3444: illegal multibyte sequence
----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\leo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-thid_cll\xadmin\
README.rst这个文件的编码有问题，可以内容没什么重要的，
1.直接到github上下载安装包，下载地址：https://github.com/sshwsfc/xadmin;
2.然后新建一个txt空文件，把文件名改成README.rst，替换原来的文件下载安装包，下载zip压缩文件;
3.直接进入压缩包所在的目录安装: pip install xadmin-master.zip.
源码安装Xadmin
由于xadmin源码是最新版本的,还可以自定义功能,所以推荐源码安装
- 同样,github下载源码:
https://github.com/sshwsfc/xadmin; - 解压,取出xadmin文件夹,放在项目根目录;
- 新建
extra_apps文件夹, 将xadmin文件夹放进去; - 由于django自带查找的功能,可以将文件夹mark为source_root;
- 同样配置文件设置:
sys.path.insert(1, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))
Xadmin中App的Model注册
类似admin的model注册;
1、每个app下新建adminx.py文件,xadmin会默认查询此文件;
2、写入以下代码:
// 修改后刷新页面即可
import xadmin
from course.models import Course, Chapter, Video, CourseResouces
class CourseAdmin(object): // 继承object
# 扩展功能1: 选择显示的字段
list_display = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name']
# 扩展功能2: 添加字段搜索,筛选功能
search_fields = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name'] # 某些字段不能加,例如时间
# 扩展功能3: 界面自带导出功能, 可以导出多种格式
# 扩展功能4: 过滤器
list_filter = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name']
# list_display = ['name', 'course', 'course']
# search_fields = ['name', 'course', 'course']
# list_filter = ['name', 'course', 'course']
xadmin.site.register(Course, CourseAdmin)
3、注意:user表会自动生成,无须注册!
4、若有多个app的话,添加字段需要仔细点!
Xadmin全局配置
先选择一个app下的adminx.py文件, 随后进行注册操作.
主题修改
from xadmin import views
class BaseSetting(object):
enable_themes = True
use_bootswatch = True
menu_style = "accordion" // 折叠左侧app菜单
xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting)
全局页头和页脚配置
class GlobalSetting(object):
site_title = '学习在线后台管理系统'
site_footer = '学习在线'
xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSetting)
修改左侧菜单App显示名称
// appname.apps.py
class CourseConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'appname'
verbose_name = '要显示的名称'
// appname.__init__.py
default_app_config = "appname.apps.CourseConfig"
最终结果展示
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项目部署
快速生成requirement.txt的安装文件：pip freeze > requirements.txt；
安装所需要的文件：pip install -r requirement.txt；