Linux下MemCached安装及c#客户端调用
一、Linux下MemCached安装和启动
如果是centos可以yum安装
# yum install libevent-devel
如果不支持yum的系统，可以这样装libevent
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.4.12-stable.tar.gz
# tar vxf libevent-1.4.12-stable.tar.gz
# cd libevent-1.4.12
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
# make && make install
继续安装memcached
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://cloud.github.com/downloads/saberma/saberma.github.com/memcached-1.4.4.tar.gz
# tar vxf memcached-1.4.4.tar.gz
# cd memcached-1.4.4
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached
# make && make install
安装完后启动memcached并分配1024m内存
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 1024 –l 10.32.33.120 -p 11211 -u root
-d选项是启动一个守护进程，
-m是分配给Memcache使用的内存数量，单位是MB，我这里是10MB，
-u是运行Memcache的用户，我这里是root，
-l是监听的服务器IP地址，如果有多个地址的话，我这里指定了服务器的IP地址10.32.33.120，
-p是设置Memcache监听的端口，我这里设置了12000，最好是1024以上的端口，
-c选项是最大运行的并发连接数，默认是1024，我这里设置了256，按照你服务器的负载量来设定，
-P是设置保存Memcache的pid文件，我这里是保存在 /tmp/memcached.pid，
将memcached加入启动项
# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
在最后加入
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 1024 –l 10.32.33.120 -p 11211 -u root
按Esc键，再输入
：wq
保存退出
查看是否启动memcached
获取运行状态：echo stats | nc 10.32.33.120 11211(可以查看出pid) 或使用ps -ef|grep memcached
如果要结束Memcache进程，执行：
# kill `cat /tmp/memcached.pid`
也可以
#kill –9 进程号
二、连接到 memcached
连接到 memcached：
telnet ip 端口，如telnet 10.32.33.120 11211
stats查看状态，flush_all:清楚缓存
查看memcached状态的基本命令，通过这个命令可以看到如下信息：
STAT pid 22459 进程ID
STAT uptime 1027046 服务器运行秒数
STAT time 1273043062 服务器当前unix时间戳
STAT version 1.4.4 服务器版本
STAT pointer_size 64 操作系统字大小(这台服务器是64位的)
STAT rusage_user 0.040000 进程累计用户时间
STAT rusage_system 0.260000 进程累计系统时间
STAT curr_connections 10 当前打开连接数
STAT total_connections 82 曾打开的连接总数
STAT connection_structures 13 服务器分配的连接结构数
STAT cmd_get 54 执行get命令总数
STAT cmd_set 34 执行set命令总数
STAT cmd_flush 3 指向flush_all命令总数
STAT get_hits 9 get命中次数
STAT get_misses 45 get未命中次数
STAT delete_misses 5 delete未命中次数
STAT delete_hits 1 delete命中次数
STAT incr_misses 0 incr未命中次数
STAT incr_hits 0 incr命中次数
STAT decr_misses 0 decr未命中次数
STAT decr_hits 0 decr命中次数
STAT cas_misses 0 cas未命中次数
STAT cas_hits 0 cas命中次数
STAT cas_badval 0 使用擦拭次数
STAT auth_cmds 0
STAT auth_errors 0
STAT bytes_read 15785 读取字节总数
STAT bytes_written 15222 写入字节总数
STAT limit_maxbytes 1048576 分配的内存数（字节）
STAT accepting_conns 1 目前接受的链接数
STAT listen_disabled_num 0
STAT threads 4 线程数
STAT conn_yields 0
STAT bytes 0 存储item字节数
STAT curr_items 0 item个数
STAT total_items 34 item总数
STAT evictions 0 为获取空间删除item的总数
三、c#调用
MemCache管理操作类,MemCachedManager.cs文件：
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.IO;
using Memcached.ClientLibrary;
namespace Plugin.Cache
{
/// <summary>
/// MemCache管理操作类
/// </summary>
public sealed class MemCachedManager
{
#region 静态方法和属性
private static MemcachedClient mc = null;
private static SockIOPool pool = null;
private static string[] serverList = null;
private static MemCachedConfigInfo memCachedConfigInfo = MemCachedConfig.GetConfig();
#endregion
static MemCachedManager()
{
CreateManager();
}
private static void CreateManager()
{
serverList = memCachedConfigInfo.ServerList;
pool = SockIOPool.GetInstance(memCachedConfigInfo.PoolName);
pool.SetServers(serverList);
pool.InitConnections = memCachedConfigInfo.IntConnections;//初始化链接数
pool.MinConnections = memCachedConfigInfo.MinConnections;//最少链接数
pool.MaxConnections = memCachedConfigInfo.MaxConnections;//最大连接数
pool.SocketConnectTimeout = memCachedConfigInfo.SocketConnectTimeout;//Socket链接超时时间
pool.SocketTimeout = memCachedConfigInfo.SocketTimeout;// Socket超时时间
pool.MaintenanceSleep = memCachedConfigInfo.MaintenanceSleep;//维护线程休息时间
pool.Failover = memCachedConfigInfo.FailOver; //失效转移(一种备份操作模式)
pool.Nagle = memCachedConfigInfo.Nagle;//是否用nagle算法启动socket
pool.HashingAlgorithm = HashingAlgorithm.NewCompatibleHash;
pool.Initialize();
mc = new MemcachedClient();
mc.PoolName = memCachedConfigInfo.PoolName;
mc.EnableCompression = false;
}
/// <summary>
/// 缓存服务器地址列表
/// </summary>
public static string[] ServerList
{
set
{
if (value != null)
serverList = value;
}
get { return serverList; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 客户端缓存操作对象
/// </summary>
public static MemcachedClient CacheClient
{
get
{
if (mc == null)
CreateManager();
return mc;
}
}
public static void Dispose()
{
if (pool != null)
pool.Shutdown();
}
}
}
cache操作接口类ICacheStrategy.cs（为了方便扩展其他的cache）：
using System;
using System.Text;
namespace Plugin.Cache
{
/// <summary>
/// 公共缓存策略接口
/// </summary>
public interface ICacheStrategy
{
/// <summary>
/// 添加指定ID的对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objId">缓存键</param>
/// <param name="o">缓存对象</param>
void AddObject(string objId, object o);
/// <summary>
/// 移除指定ID的对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objId">缓存键</param>
void RemoveObject(string objId);
/// <summary>
/// 返回指定ID的对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objId">缓存键</param>
/// <returns></returns>
object RetrieveObject(string objId);
/// <summary>
/// 到期时间,单位：秒
/// </summary>
int TimeOut { set;get;}
}
}
MemCached.cs类
using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web.Caching;
namespace Plugin.Cache
{
/// <summary>
/// 默认缓存管理类,默认用memcached
/// </summary>
public class MemCached : ICacheStrategy
{
/// <summary>
/// 设置到期相对时间[单位: 秒]
/// </summary>
public int TimeOut { set; get; }
/// <summary>
/// 加入当前对象到缓存中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objId">对象的键值</param>
/// <param name="o">缓存的对象</param>
public virtual void AddObject(string objId, object o)
{
if (TimeOut > 0)
{
MemCachedManager.CacheClient.Set(objId, o, System.DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(TimeOut));
}
else
{
MemCachedManager.CacheClient.Set(objId, o);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除缓存对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objId">对象的关键字</param>
public virtual void RemoveObject(string objId)
{
if (MemCachedManager.CacheClient.KeyExists(objId))
MemCachedManager.CacheClient.Delete(objId);
}
/// <summary>
/// 返回一个指定的对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objId">对象的关键字</param>
/// <returns>对象</returns>
public virtual object RetrieveObject(string objId)
{
return MemCachedManager.CacheClient.Get(objId);
}
}
}
实体类MemCachedConfigInfo.cs
using Yintai.Plugin.Common;
/// <summary>
/// MemCached配置信息类文件
/// </summary>
namespace Plugin
{
public class MemCachedConfigInfo
{
private string[] _serverList;
/// <summary>
/// 链接地址
/// </summary>
public string[] ServerList
{
get { return _serverList; }
set { _serverList = value; }
}
private string _poolName;
/// <summary>
/// 链接池名称
/// </summary>
public string PoolName
{
get { return string.IsNullOrEmpty(_poolName) ? "Yintai.Plugin.Cache.MemCached" : _poolName; }
set { _poolName = value; }
}
private int _intConnections;
/// <summary>
/// 初始化链接数
/// </summary>
public int IntConnections
{
get { return _intConnections > 0 ? _intConnections : 3; }
set { _intConnections = value; }
}
private int _minConnections;
/// <summary>
/// 最少链接数
/// </summary>
public int MinConnections
{
get { return _minConnections > 0 ? _minConnections : 3; }
set { _minConnections = value; }
}
private int _maxConnections;
/// <summary>
/// 最大连接数
/// </summary>
public int MaxConnections
{
get { return _maxConnections > 0 ? _maxConnections : 5; }
set { _maxConnections = value; }
}
private int _socketConnectTimeout;
/// <summary>
/// Socket链接超时时间
/// </summary>
public int SocketConnectTimeout
{
get { return _socketConnectTimeout > 1000 ? _socketConnectTimeout : 1000; }
set { _socketConnectTimeout = value; }
}
private int _socketTimeout;
/// <summary>
/// socket超时时间
/// </summary>
public int SocketTimeout
{
get { return _socketTimeout > 1000 ? _maintenanceSleep : 3000; }
set { _socketTimeout = value; }
}
private int _maintenanceSleep;
/// <summary>
/// 维护线程休息时间
/// </summary>
public int MaintenanceSleep
{
get { return _maintenanceSleep > 0 ? _maintenanceSleep : 30; }
set { _maintenanceSleep = value; }
}
private bool _failOver;
/// <summary>
/// 链接失败后是否重启,详情参见http://baike.baidu.com/view/1084309.htm
/// </summary>
public bool FailOver
{
get { return _failOver; }
set { _failOver = value; }
}
private bool _nagle;
/// <summary>
/// 是否用nagle算法启动socket
/// </summary>
public bool Nagle
{
get { return _nagle; }
set { _nagle = value; }
}
}
}
实现代码完了，下面就是把配置文件memcached.config反序列化成实体方法
用MemCachedConfig.cs实现配置文件的载入和读取LoadConfig是载入配置，SetConfig是保存配置，GetConfig是获取配置，其中用了了序列化和反序列化
MemCachedConfig.cs文件如下：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using Plugin.Cache;
using Plugin.Common;
namespace Plugin
{
public class MemCachedConfig
{
private static object _lockHelper = new object();
private static MemCachedConfigInfo config = null;
public static void LoadConfig(string configfilepath)
{
if (config == null)
{
lock (_lockHelper)
{
if (config == null)
{
config = (MemCachedConfigInfo)SerializationHelper.Load(typeof(MemCachedConfigInfo), configfilepath);
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取配置
/// </summary>
/// <param name="anConfig"></param>
public static MemCachedConfigInfo GetConfig()
{
return config;
}
#region 私有方法
public static void SetConfig(MemCachedConfigInfo verifyImageServiceInfoList, string configfilepath)
{
SerializationHelper.Save(verifyImageServiceInfoList, configfilepath);
}
#endregion
}
}
SerializationHelper.cs代码如下：
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.Xml;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Plugin.Common
{
/// <summary>
/// SerializationHelper 的摘要说明。
/// </summary>
public class SerializationHelper
{
private SerializationHelper()
{}
private static Dictionary<int, XmlSerializer> serializer_dict = new Dictionary<int, XmlSerializer>();
public static XmlSerializer GetSerializer(Type t)
{
int type_hash = t.GetHashCode();
if (!serializer_dict.ContainsKey(type_hash))
serializer_dict.Add(type_hash, new XmlSerializer(t));
return serializer_dict[type_hash];
}
/// <summary>
/// 反序列化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="type">对象类型</param>
/// <param name="filename">文件路径</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static object Load(Type type, string filename)
{
FileStream fs = null;
try
{
// open the stream...
fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.ReadWrite);
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(type);
return serializer.Deserialize(fs);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
if(fs != null)
fs.Close();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 序列化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj">对象</param>
/// <param name="filename">文件路径</param>
public static bool Save(object obj, string filename)
{
bool success = false;
FileStream fs = null;
// serialize it...
try
{
fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.ReadWrite);
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(obj.GetType());
serializer.Serialize(fs, obj);
success = true;
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
if(fs != null)
fs.Close();
}
return success;
}
/// <summary>
/// xml序列化成字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj">对象</param>
/// <returns>xml字符串</returns>
public static string Serialize(object obj)
{
string returnStr = "";
XmlSerializer serializer = GetSerializer(obj.GetType());
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
XmlTextWriter xtw = null;
StreamReader sr = null;
try
{
xtw = new System.Xml.XmlTextWriter(ms, Encoding.UTF8);
xtw.Formatting = System.Xml.Formatting.Indented;
serializer.Serialize(xtw, obj);
ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
sr = new StreamReader(ms);
returnStr = sr.ReadToEnd();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
if (xtw != null)
xtw.Close();
if (sr != null)
sr.Close();
ms.Close();
}
return returnStr;
}
public static object DeSerialize(Type type, string s)
{
byte[] b = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s);
try
{
XmlSerializer serializer = GetSerializer(type);
return serializer.Deserialize(new MemoryStream(b));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
}
}
最后配置文件类似这样的：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<MemCachedConfigInfo xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<ServerList>
<string>10.32.33.120:11211</string>
</ServerList>
<PoolName>Plugin.Cache.MemCached</PoolName>
<IntConnections>3</IntConnections>
<MinConnections>3</MinConnections>
<MaxConnections>5</MaxConnections>
<SocketConnectTimeout>1000</SocketConnectTimeout>
<SocketTimeout>30</SocketTimeout>
<MaintenanceSleep>30</MaintenanceSleep>
<FailOver>true</FailOver>
<Nagle>false</Nagle>
</MemCachedConfigInfo>
使用时调用方法：
MemCachedConfig.LoadConfig(Server.MapPath("/config/memcached.config"));
这个方法通过LoadConfig把配置加载进来，反序列化成MemCachedConfigInfo实体并放入私有静态变量config 中，并通过GetConfig() 获取config，然后MemCachedManager类通过private static MemCachedConfigInfo memCachedConfigInfo = MemCachedConfig.GetConfig();方法获取到配置了。