servlet3.0+规范后，允许servlet，filter，listener不必声明在web.xml中，而是以硬编码的方式存在，实现容器的零配置。
ServletContainerInitializer：启动容器时负责加载相关配置
package javax.servlet;
import java.util.Set;
public interface ServletContainerInitializer {
public void onStartup(Set> c, ServletContext ctx)
throws ServletException;
}
```
容器启动时会自动扫描当前服务中`ServletContainerInitializer`的实现类，并调用其`onStartup`方法，其参数`Set> c`，可通过在实现类上声明注解`javax.servlet.annotation.HandlesTypes(xxx.class)`注解自动注入，`@HandlesTypes`会自动扫描项目中所有的`xxx.class`的实现类，并将其全部注入`Set`。
Spring为其提供了一个实现类：
**SpringServletContainerInitializer**
```
package org.springframework.web;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ServiceLoader;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.HandlesTypes;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator;
@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)
public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer {
@Override
public void onStartup(Set> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext)
throws ServletException {
List initializers = new LinkedList();
if (webAppInitializerClasses != null) {
for (Class waiClass : webAppInitializerClasses) {
// Be defensive: Some servlet containers provide us with invalid classes,
// no matter what @HandlesTypes says...
if (!waiClass.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(waiClass.getModifiers()) &&
WebApplicationInitializer.class.isAssignableFrom(waiClass)) {
try {
initializers.add((WebApplicationInitializer) waiClass.newInstance());
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new ServletException("Failed to instantiate WebApplicationInitializer class", ex);
}
}
}
}
if (initializers.isEmpty()) {
servletContext.log("No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath");
return;
}
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(initializers);
servletContext.log("Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath: " + initializers);
for (WebApplicationInitializer initializer : initializers) {
initializer.onStartup(servletContext);
}
}
}
```
`WebApplicationInitializer`才是需要关心的接口，我们只需要将相应的servlet，filter，listener等硬编码到该接口的实现类中即可。
##xml配置：
```
log4jConfigLocation
classpath:config/properties/log4j.properties
org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener
hibernateFilter
org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter
hibernateFilter
/*
demoServlet
web.function.servlet.DemoServlet
2
demoServlet
/demo_servlet
```
编码配置：
```
@Order(1)
public class CommonInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer{
@Override
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext)
throws ServletException {
//Log4jConfigListener
servletContext.setInitParameter("log4jConfigLocation", "classpath:config/properties/log4j.properties");
servletContext.addListener(Log4jConfigListener.class);
//OpenSessionInViewFilter
OpenSessionInViewFilter hibernateSessionInViewFilter = new OpenSessionInViewFilter();
FilterRegistration.Dynamic filterRegistration = servletContext.addFilter(
"hibernateFilter", hibernateSessionInViewFilter);
filterRegistration.addMappingForUrlPatterns(
EnumSet.of(DispatcherType.REQUEST, DispatcherType.FORWARD, DispatcherType.INCLUDE), false, "/");
//DemoServlet
DemoServlet demoServlet = new DemoServlet();
ServletRegistration.Dynamic dynamic = servletContext.addServlet(
"demoServlet", demoServlet);
dynamic.setLoadOnStartup(2);
dynamic.addMapping("/demo_servlet");
}
}
```
Spring为我们提供了一些WebApplicationInitializer的抽象类，我们只需要继承并按需修改即可，比如：
**1）****org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer ： SpringSecurity相关配置**
xml配置：
Xml代码 [图片上传中。。。（5）]
org.springframework.security.web.session.HttpSessionEventPublisher
springSecurityFilterChain
org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy
springSecurityFilterChain
/*
编码配置：
Java代码 
@Order(2)
public class WebAppSecurityInitializer extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer
{
//servletContext.addListener("org.springframework.security.web.session.HttpSessionEventPublisher");
//session监听器
@Override
protected boolean enableHttpSessionEventPublisher() {
return true;
}
}
**2）org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer：MVC相关配置，比如加载spring配置文件，声明****DispatcherServlet等等，参看下面的对比：**
xml配置：
Xml代码 [图片上传中。。。（7）]
contextConfigLocation
classpath:config/context/applicationContext-AppConfig.xml,
classpath:config/context/applicationContext-SpringSecurityConfig.xml
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
Set Character Encoding
org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
encoding
UTF-8
forceEncoding
true
Set Character Encoding
/*
webmvc
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
contextConfigLocation
classpath:config/context/applicationContext-MvcConfig.xml
1
webmvc
/
编码方式：
Java代码 [图片上传中。。。（8）]
@Order(3)
//spring DispatcherServlet的配置,其它servlet和监听器等需要额外声明，用@Order注解设定启动顺序
public class WebInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
/*
* DispatcherServlet的映射路径
*/
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
/*
* 应用上下文，除web部分
*/
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
@Override
protected Class[] getRootConfigClasses() {
//加载配置文件类，这里与上面的xml配置是对应的，需要使用@Configuration注解进行标注，稍后介绍
return new Class[] {AppConfig.class, SpringSecurityConfig.class};
}
/*
* web上下文
*/
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
@Override
protected Class[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[] {MvcConfig.class};
}
/*
* 注册过滤器，映射路径与DispatcherServlet一致，路径不一致的过滤器需要注册到另外的WebApplicationInitializer中
*/
@Override
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true);
return new Filter[] {characterEncodingFilter};
}
}