大漠拆句-2

Reconstructing Ancient Environment (2015.05.09)

Marks left by humans cutting up animals with stone tools are now being analyzed to help distinguish between cases in which people butchered animals they had killed themselves and those in which they butchered animals they scavenged from kills of other animals.

主干：

marks are being analyzed to help distinguish between cases A and cases B.

从语法角度来看来讲本句的主干是到analyed就停，但从把握句意的角度来看要加上后面的目的状语 to help ...; 另外熟练后面distinguish 的两个对象是由两个定语从句充当的，这是本句真正的难点所在，而如果你有意识将两个定语从句用A 和 B 来代替的话，非主干的成分对你的干扰就会少很多。我们常讲的「把握句子主干」的真正含义其实是「结合语法意义上的主干，将句子的核心观点提取和抽象出来」；

非主干成分:

• 过去分词/现在分词短语做定语

... left by humans cutting up animals with stone tools

• to do 短语做目的状语

... to help distinguish between .... other animals.

• 定语从句

• cases in which they had butchered animals they had killed themselves
• cases in which they butchered animals they scavenged from kills of other animals

这里的定语从句其实是嵌套在上面的 to do 短语里面的，同时这个定语从句本身还嵌套了更低一层的定语从句，这里不再展开

翻译：

由人类用石器切割动物时所留下的痕迹现在被研究，以区分（人们屠宰的是自己杀死的动物）还是 （人们屠宰的是被其他动物杀死的动物）。
翻译仁者见仁，这里只是抛砖引玉作为参考

真题实战

A. Humans using stone tools to butcher animals left marks on the bones of the animals they killed and the animals they scavenged.
B. Humans stone tools to butcher animals left marks on the bones of the animals they killed and the animals they scavenged.
C. Humans scavenged animals killed by other animals and butchered them using stone tools.
D. Tool marks on butchered animals bones are analyzed to help determine whether humans killed or merely scavenged the animals.

答案：D
解释：关于简化题的做法日后专门说，这里只是简单提一下最核心的原则：主干对主干。D选项的主干为tool marks are analyed to help determine wether A or B，和原句主干一致;
A主干：humans left marks one the bones of animals
B主干：humans scavenged stone tools to butcher animals。
C主干：humans scavenged animals and butchered them

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