Buzz Words | 热词放送：大流行，熔断，囤积，眼睛疲劳

大流行
Pandemic



世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞11日说，新冠肺炎疫情从特征上可称为大流行。谭德塞在日内瓦举行的例行记者会上说，疫情的传播程度和严重性令人深感担忧，“因此我们评估认为，新冠肺炎疫情从特征上可称为大流行”。2010年世卫组织网站给出“大流行”的简单定义，即“一种新疾病在全球范围内传播”。

The World Health Organization (WHO) said on Wednesday that the COVID-19 outbreak can be characterized as a "pandemic" as the virus spreads increasingly worldwide. "We have therefore made the assessment that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic," WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said at a press conference. A WHO website defines a pandemic as "the worldwide spread of a new disease."

熔断
Circuit breaker



美国时间3月9日，美国三大股指开盘暴跌，其中标准普尔500指数迅速下跌超过7%，触发市场熔断机制，市场交易停止15分钟。这也是2008年金融危机后美股的首次熔断。当地时间12日，标准普尔500指数开盘后再次迅速下跌超过7%，触发熔断。这是美股本周第二次出现熔断。所谓熔断机制，指在交易过程当中，当价格波动幅度达到某一限定目标时，交易将暂停一段时间，防范恐慌情绪进一步扩散给市场带来更大冲击。

The S&P 500 fell by seven percent upon opening on Monday, triggering a circuit breaker that halted trading for 15 minutes for the first time since the 2008 financial crisis. The S&P 500 declined 7 percent shortly after the opening bell on Thursday, triggering a key circuit breaker. It was Wall Street's second 15-minute halt this week. The circuit breaker mechanism refers to measures adopted by stock exchanges to temporarily halt trading to avert panic selling by investors after the stock index has fallen a certain percentage.

马上学：熔断机制的英文是circuit breaker mechanism，其中，circuit breaker在电工学里就是断路器的意思。当电路中出现短路时，断路器会立即断开电路，保护负载的安全。

囤积
Stockpiling



随着全球新冠肺炎确诊病例数量的增加，很多国家的人们开始囤积口罩以及生活必需品。据BBC报道，卫生纸的需求意外激增，超过了长保质期食品以及其他不易腐烂的物品。澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的Nitika Garg指出，这种恐慌性购买的原因，可以用错失恐惧症来解释。

With the rapid increase in confirmed cases of COVID-19 around the world, people in many countries are stockpiling face masks and other living necessities. Surprisingly, the demand for toilet paper has surged ahead of long-life food and other non-perishable goods, according to BBC. This panic buying is explained as Fear of Missing Out syndrome by Nitika Garg, from the University of New South Wales, Australia.

眼睛疲劳
Eye fatigue


（图片来源：新华网视频截图）

由于新冠肺炎疫情影响，不少上班族和学生不得不在家中使用电脑或手机上班上学。长时间盯着屏幕，也引发对眼睛疲劳问题的担忧。北京同仁医院眼科主任魏文斌表示，远程工作需要长时间看屏幕，由此导致眼睛疲劳，应该在连续工作30分钟到1小时后让眼睛休息10分钟。

Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, workers and students have to work or study at home by using computers and mobile phones. This has raised concerns about eye fatigue from too much screen time. According to Wei Wenbin, head of the ophthalmology department with Beijing Tongren Hospital, a break of 10 minutes is necessary to relax the eyes after staring at screens continuously for 30 minutes to an hour.

综合来源：新华网，中国日报网，BBC，CGTN