AsynTask源码分析

AsynTask介绍

AsyncTask是一个抽象类,有三个泛型参数,四个方法。

  • Params
    需要传入的参数
  • Progress
    后台任务在执行时,如果需要在界面上显示当前进度,则就用Progress指定的泛型作为进度单位。
  • Result
    指定的泛型作为返回的类型。
  • 此方法会在后台任务执行前被调用,用于进行一些准备工作
    onPreExecute()
  • 此方法中定义要执行的后台任务,在这个方法中可以调用publishProgress来更新任务进度
    onPreExecute()
  • 由publishProgress内部调用,表示任务进度更新
    onPreExecute()
  • 后台任务执行完毕后,此方法会被调用,参数即为后台任务的返回结果
    onPostExecute(Result result)

源码分析

  • 创建AsynTask
public AsyncTask() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Result result = null;
                try {
                    Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                    //noinspection unchecked
                    result = doInBackground(mParams);
                    Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                } catch (Throwable tr) {
                    mCancelled.set(true);
                    throw tr;
                } finally {
                    postResult(result);
                }
                return result;
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

在构造方法中初始化mWorker和mFuture

 private static abstract class WorkerRunnable implements Callable {
        Params[] mParams;
    }


public interface Callable {
    /**
     * Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
     *
     * @return computed result
     * @throws Exception if unable to compute a result
     */
    V call() throws Exception;
}
  • mWorker实现Callable的call方法,调用了doInBackground(),并调用 postResult(result)。
    private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

  /*package*/ Handler target;

   public void sendToTarget() {
        target.sendMessage(this);
    }

最终通过Handler发送了一个消息


   private static Handler getHandler() {
        synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
            if (sHandler == null) {
                sHandler = new InternalHandler();
            }
            return sHandler;
        }
    }

 private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler() {
            super(Looper.getMainLooper());
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

这里可以看到getHandlerf返回了一个InternalHandler对象,在InternalHandler中对消息进行了处理,
如果MESSAGE_POST_RESULT调用finish

    private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }
  • 在finish方法中调用了onPostExecute();
  • 如果为 MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS则调用onProgressUpdate()方法
  • 在看看mFuture初始化的时候会讲mWorker作为参数传入,在postResultIfNotInvoked()方法中调用postResult()。
private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
        final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
        if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
            postResult(result);
        }
    }

private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

在回到开始我们调用execute()方法

   public final AsyncTask execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }

 public final AsyncTask executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

最终调用executeOnExecutor()方法,在这个方法中首先判断了mStatus状态,如果不是PENDING则抛出异常,否则设置他的状态未运行状态,并调用 onPreExecute(); 因为AsynTash在主线程调用,所以onPreExecute();方法可以进行一些UI改变, 然后设置mWorker的mParams值,最后调用exec的execute方法,将mFuture传入。

其中exec我们可以知道是sDefaultExecutor。

private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
        final ArrayDeque mTasks = new ArrayDeque();
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }
    }

sDefaultExecutor实际上是一个串行的线程池,一个进程中所有的AsyncTask全部都在这个线程池中执行。

首先系统会把AsyncTask的参数封装为FutureTask对象,FutureTask是一个并发类,在这里它充当了Runnable的作用。

调用他的execute方法会先把FutureTask对象插入到任务队列mTask中,如果这时没有正在活动的任务,那么就会调用SeriaExecutor的scheduleNext()类执行下个任务

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