杨玲 201771010133《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结

  《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结

第一部分:理论知识学习部分

1、事件源(event source):能够产生事件的对象都可 以成为事件源,如文本框、按钮等。一个事件源是一个 能够注册监听器并向监听器发送事件对象的对象。

 事件监听器(event listener):事件监听器对象接 收事件源发送的通告(事件对象),并对发生的事件作 出响应。一个监听器对象就是一个实现了专门监听器接 口的类实例,该类必须实现接口中的方法,这些方法当 事件发生时,被自动执行。

2、事件对象(event object):Java将事件的相关信息 封装在一个事件对象中,所有的事件对象都最终派生于 java.util.EventObject类。不同的事件源可以产生不 同类别的事件

AWT事件处理机制的概要:
3、监听器对象:是一个实现了特定监听器接口( listener interface)的类实例。

4、事件源:是一个能够注册监听器对象并发送事件对 象的对象。

5、当事件发生时,事件源将事件对象自动传递给所 有注册的监听器。

6、监听器对象利用事件对象中的信息决定如何对事 件做出响应。

GUI设计中,程序员需要对组件的某种事件进行响应和处理时,必须完成两个步骤:

1) 定义实现某事件监听器接口的事件监听器类,并具体化接口中声明的事件处理抽象方法。

2) 为组件注册实现了规定接口的事件监听器对象;

7、注册监听器方法 eventSourceObject.addEventListener(eventListenerObject)

8、下面是监听器的一个示例: ActionListener listener = …;

JButton button=new JButton(“Ok”); button.addActionListener(listener);

9、动作事件(ActionEvent):当特定组件动作(点 击按钮)发生时,该组件生成此动作事件。

10、该 事 件 被 传 递 给 组 件 注 册 的 每 一 个 ActionListener 对象, 并 调 用 监 听 器 对 象 的 actionPerformed方法以接收这类事件对象。

11、能够触发动作事件的动作,主要包括:

(1) 点击按钮

(2) 双击一个列表中的选项;

(3) 选择菜单项;

(4) 在文本框中输入回车。

第二部分:实验部分

1.实验名称:实验十三  图形界面事件处理技术

2.  实验目的:

(1) 掌握事件处理的基本原理,理解其用途;

(2) 掌握AWT事件模型的工作机制;

(3) 掌握事件处理的基本编程模型;

(4) 了解GUI界面组件观感设置方法;

(5) 掌握WindowAdapter类、AbstractAction类的用法;

(6) 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。

3.实验内容和步骤

实验1: 导入第11章示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材443页-444页程序11-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

运行结果如下:

      

l 在事件处理相关代码处添加注释;

 1 import java.awt.*;
 2 import java.awt.event.*;
 3 import javax.swing.*;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * A frame with a button panel
 7  */
 8 public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame {
 9     private JPanel buttonPanel;
10     private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
11     private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
12 
13     public ButtonFrame() {
14         setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
15 
16         // create buttons
17         JButton yellowButton = new JButton("Yellow");
18         JButton blueButton = new JButton("Blue");
19         JButton redButton = new JButton("Red");
20         
21         // 生成三个按钮对象
22         buttonPanel = new JPanel();
23 
24         // add buttons to panel
25         buttonPanel.add(yellowButton);
26         buttonPanel.add(blueButton);
27         buttonPanel.add(redButton);
28         // 用add方法添加三个按钮组件(只有容器组件有add方法)
29         // add panel to frame
30         add(buttonPanel);
31 
32         // create button actions
33         
34           ColorAction yellowAction = new ColorAction(Color.YELLOW); ColorAction
35           blueAction = new ColorAction(Color.BLUE); ColorAction redAction = new
36           ColorAction(Color.RED);
37          
38         // 生成三个类对象ColorAction,颜色值为静态常量值
39         // associate actions with buttons
40         
41           yellowButton.addActionListener(yellowAction);
42           blueButton.addActionListener(blueAction);
43           redButton.addActionListener(redAction);
44     }
45 
46     /**
47      * An action listener that sets the panel's background color.
48      */
49     private class ColorAction implements ActionListener
50     // 定义一个私有类,监听器类对象(ColorAction)
51     {
52         private Color backgroundColor;
53 
54         public ColorAction(Color c) {
55             backgroundColor = c;
56         }
57 
58         public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
59         //
60         {
61             buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor);
62         }
63     }
64 }

 

 1 import java.awt.*;
 2 import javax.swing.*;
 3 
 4 /**
 5  * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 6  * @author Cay Horstmann
 7  */
 8 public class ButtonTest
 9 {
10    public static void main(String[] args)
11    {
12       EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
13          JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame();
14          frame.setTitle("ButtonTest");//
15          frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
16          frame.setVisible(true);
17       });
18    }
19 }

 l 用lambda表达式简化程序;

 1 import java.awt.*;
 2 import java.awt.event.*;
 3 import javax.swing.*;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * A frame with a button panel
 7  */
 8 public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame {
 9     private JPanel buttonPanel;
10     private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
11     private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
12 
13     public ButtonFrame() {
14         setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
15     
16         buttonPanel = new JPanel();
17 
18         add(buttonPanel);
19 
20         makeButton("yellow",Color.YELLOW);
21         makeButton("blue",Color.BLUE);
22         makeButton("red", Color.RED);
23         makeButton("green", Color.GREEN);
24 
25     }
26 
27     public void makeButton(String name, Color backgroudColor) {
28         JButton button = new JButton(name);
29         buttonPanel.add(button);
30         ColorAction action = new ColorAction(backgroudColor);
31         button.addActionListener(action);
32     }
33 
34     /**
35      * An action listener that sets the panel's background color.
36      */
37     private class ColorAction implements ActionListener
38     // 定义一个私有类,监听器类对象(ColorAction)
39     {
40         private Color backgroundColor;
41 
42         public ColorAction(Color c) {
43             backgroundColor = c;
44         }
45 
46         public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
47         //
48         {
49             buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor);
50         }
51     }
52 }

 l 掌握JButton组件的基本API;

l 掌握Java中事件处理的基本编程模型。

 

测试程序2:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材449页程序11-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 在组件观感设置代码处添加注释;

l 了解GUI程序中观感的设置方法。

 1 import javax.swing.JButton;
 2 import javax.swing.JFrame;
 3 import javax.swing.JPanel;
 4 import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
 5 import javax.swing.UIManager;
 6 
 7 /**
 8  * A frame with a button panel for changing look-and-feel
 9  */
10 public class PlafFrame extends JFrame
11 {
12    private JPanel buttonPanel;
13 
14    public PlafFrame()
15    {
16       buttonPanel = new JPanel();
17 
18       UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] infos = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();
19       //获得一个用于描述已安装的观感实现的对象数组      
20       for (UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : infos)
21          makeButton(info.getName(), info.getClassName());
22       //返回观感的显示名称   返回观感的实现类的名称      
23       add(buttonPanel);
24       pack();
25    }
26 
27    /**
28     * Makes a button to change the pluggable look-and-feel.
29     * @param name the button name
30     * @param className the name of the look-and-feel class
31     */
32    private void makeButton(String name, String className)
33    {
34       // add button to panel
35 
36       JButton button = new JButton(name);
37       buttonPanel.add(button);
38 
39       // set button action
40 
41       button.addActionListener(event -> {
42          // button action: switch to the new look-and-feel
43          try
44          {
45             UIManager.setLookAndFeel(className);
46             //利用给定的类名设置当前的观感
47             SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this);
48             pack();
49          }
50          catch (Exception e)
51          {
52             e.printStackTrace();
53          }
54       });
55    }
56 }
 1 import java.awt.*;
 2 import javax.swing.*;
 3 
 4 /**
 5  * @version 1.32 2015-06-12
 6  * @author Cay Horstmann
 7  */
 8 public class PlafTest
 9 {
10    public static void main(String[] args)
11    {
12       EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
13          JFrame frame = new PlafFrame();
14          frame.setTitle("PlafTest");
15          frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
16          frame.setVisible(true);
17       });
18    }
19 }

 运行结果如下:

        

 

测试程序3:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材457页-458页程序11-3,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 掌握AbstractAction类及其动作对象;

l 掌握GUI程序中按钮、键盘动作映射到动作对象的方法。 

 1 import java.awt.*;
 2 import java.awt.event.*;
 3 import javax.swing.*;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * A frame with a panel that demonstrates color change actions.
 7  */
 8 public class ActionFrame extends JFrame
 9 {
10    private JPanel buttonPanel;
11    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
12    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
13 
14    public ActionFrame()
15    {
16       setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
17 
18       buttonPanel = new JPanel();
19 
20       // define actions
21       Action yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
22             Color.YELLOW);
23       Action blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE);
24       Action redAction = new ColorAction("Red", new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED);
25 
26       // add buttons for these actions
27       buttonPanel.add(new JButton(yellowAction));
28       buttonPanel.add(new JButton(blueAction));
29       buttonPanel.add(new JButton(redAction));
30 
31       // add panel to frame
32       add(buttonPanel);
33 
34       // associate the Y, B, and R keys with names
35       InputMap imap = buttonPanel.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUSED_COMPONENT);
36       //获得将按键映射到动作键的输入映射
37       imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl Y"), "panel.yellow");
38       imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl B"), "panel.blue");
39       imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl R"), "panel.red");
40       //根据一个便于人们阅读的说明创建一个按键(由空格分隔的字符串序列)
41       // associate the names with actions
42       ActionMap amap = buttonPanel.getActionMap();
43       //返回关联动作映射键(可以是任意的对象)和动作对象的映射
44       amap.put("panel.yellow", yellowAction);
45       amap.put("panel.blue", blueAction);
46       amap.put("panel.red", redAction);
47    }
48    
49    public class ColorAction extends AbstractAction
50    {
51       /**
52        * Constructs a color action.
53        * @param name the name to show on the button
54        * @param icon the icon to display on the button
55        * @param c the background color
56        */
57       public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c)
58       {
59          putValue(Action.NAME, name);
60          putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon);
61          putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Set panel color to " + name.toLowerCase());
62          putValue("color", c);
63          //将名/值对放置在动作对象前
64       }
65 
66       public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
67       {
68          Color c = (Color) getValue("color");
69          //返回被存储的名/值对的值
70          buttonPanel.setBackground(c);
71       }
72    }
73 }
 1 import java.awt.*;
 2 import javax.swing.*;
 3 
 4 /**
 5  * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 6  * @author Cay Horstmann
 7  */
 8 public class ActionTest
 9 {
10    public static void main(String[] args)
11    {
12       EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
13          JFrame frame = new ActionFrame();
14          frame.setTitle("ActionTest");
15          frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
16          frame.setVisible(true);
17       });
18    }
19 }

 运行结果如下:

杨玲 201771010133《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结_第1张图片杨玲 201771010133《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结_第2张图片杨玲 201771010133《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结_第3张图片杨玲 201771010133《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结_第4张图片

 

测试程序4:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材462页程序11-4、11-5,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。

  1 import java.awt.*;
  2 import java.awt.event.*;
  3 import java.awt.geom.*;
  4 import java.util.*;
  5 import javax.swing.*;
  6 
  7 /**
  8  * A component with mouse operations for adding and removing squares.
  9  */
 10 public class MouseComponent extends JComponent
 11 {
 12    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
 13    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
 14 
 15    private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10;
 16    private ArrayList squares;
 17    private Rectangle2D current; // the square containing the mouse cursor
 18 
 19    public MouseComponent()
 20    {
 21       squares = new ArrayList<>();
 22       current = null;
 23 
 24       addMouseListener(new MouseHandler());
 25       addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionHandler());
 26    }
 27 
 28    public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }   
 29    
 30    public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
 31    {
 32       Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
 33 
 34       // draw all squares
 35       for (Rectangle2D r : squares)
 36          g2.draw(r);
 37    }
 38 
 39    /**
 40     * Finds the first square containing a point.
 41     * @param p a point
 42     * @return the first square that contains p
 43     */
 44    public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p)
 45    {
 46       for (Rectangle2D r : squares)
 47       {
 48          if (r.contains(p)) return r;
 49       }
 50       return null;
 51    }
 52 
 53    /**
 54     * Adds a square to the collection.
 55     * @param p the center of the square
 56     */
 57    public void add(Point2D p)
 58    {
 59       double x = p.getX();
 60       double y = p.getY();
 61 
 62       current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH,
 63             SIDELENGTH);
 64       squares.add(current);
 65       repaint();
 66    }
 67 
 68    /**
 69     * Removes a square from the collection.
 70     * @param s the square to remove
 71     */
 72    public void remove(Rectangle2D s)
 73    {
 74       if (s == null) return;
 75       if (s == current) current = null;
 76       squares.remove(s);
 77       repaint();
 78    }
 79 
 80    private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter
 81    {
 82       public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event)
 83       {
 84          // add a new square if the cursor isn't inside a square
 85          current = find(event.getPoint());
 86          //返回事件发生时,事件源组件左上角的坐标x和y,或点的信息
 87          if (current == null) add(event.getPoint());
 88       }
 89 
 90       public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event)
 91       {
 92          // remove the current square if double clicked
 93          current = find(event.getPoint());
 94          if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2) remove(current);
 95       //返回与事件关联的鼠标连击次数
 96       }
 97    }
 98 
 99    private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener
100    {
101       public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event)
102       {
103          // set the mouse cursor to cross hairs if it is inside
104          // a rectangle
105 
106          if (find(event.getPoint()) == null) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor());
107          else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR));
108       }
109 
110       public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event)
111       {
112          if (current != null)
113          {
114             int x = event.getX();
115             int y = event.getY();
116 
117             // drag the current rectangle to center it at (x, y)
118             current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH);
119             repaint();
120          }
121       }
122    }   
123 }
 1 import javax.swing.*;
 2 
 3 /**
 4  * A frame containing a panel for testing mouse operations
 5  */
 6 public class MouseFrame extends JFrame
 7 {
 8    public MouseFrame()
 9    {
10       add(new MouseComponent());
11       pack();
12    }
13 }
 1 import java.awt.*;
 2 import javax.swing.*;
 3 
 4 /**
 5  * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 6  * @author Cay Horstmann
 7  */
 8 public class MouseTest
 9 {
10    public static void main(String[] args)
11    {
12       EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
13          JFrame frame = new MouseFrame();
14          frame.setTitle("MouseTest");
15          frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
16          frame.setVisible(true);
17       });
18    }
19 }

 运行结果如下:

杨玲 201771010133《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结_第5张图片杨玲 201771010133《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结_第6张图片

 

实验2:结对编程练习

利用班级名单文件、文本框和按钮组件,设计一个有如下界面(图1)的点名器,要求用户点击开始按钮后在文本输入框随机显示2017级网络与信息安全班同学姓名,如图2所示,点击停止按钮后,文本输入框不再变换同学姓名,此同学则是被点到的同学姓名。

 图点名器启动界面

杨玲 201771010133《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结_第7张图片

点名器点名界面

杨玲 201771010133《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结_第8张图片

 代码编写如下:

 1 import java.awt.BorderLayout;
 2 import java.awt.Color;
 3 import java.awt.Container;
 4 import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
 5 import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
 6 import java.util.Random; 
 7 import javax.swing.JButton;
 8 import javax.swing.JFrame;
 9 import javax.swing.JLabel;
10 import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
11 public class RollCall {
12     JFrame rFrame=new JFrame("随机点名器");
13     String[] stuName={"王之泰","王颖奇","苏浪浪","王斌龙","马兴德","汪慧和","王艳","冯志霞","王志成","张云飞","王海珍","杨野","张燕","唐月晨","李瑞红","李婷华","赵栋","张季跃","孔维滢","穷吉","狄慧","达拉草","杨其菊","马凯军","陈亚茹","常惠琢","马昕璐", "王玉兰", "白玛次仁", "王瑜", "杨蓉庆", "刘志梅", "周强","李清华","李晓菁","徐思","邹丰蔚","罗松","杨玲","王燕","韩腊梅", "东文财", "焦旭超"};  
14     JLabel name = new JLabel();  
15     JButton btn = new JButton("开始点名");  
16      Random rd = new Random();
17     public void init()  {         
18         JLabel jt= new JLabel("随机点名器");      //设置标签居中      
19         jt.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);      //设置字体大小    
20         jt.setFont(new java.awt.Font("随机点名器",1,35));      //设置名字显示的标签居中    
21         name.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);      //通过匿名类实现Action按钮的监听事件     
22         btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener()      {     
23                     
24             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {        
25                     String a=getRandomName();         
26                     //设置name标签的文字         
27                     name.setText(a);    
28                     //设置字体            
29                     name.setFont(new java.awt.Font(a,2,28));         
30                     //设置字体颜色           
31                     name.setForeground(Color.green);    
32                     }  
33             });
34         //获取JFrame的面板      
35         Container p = this.rFrame.getContentPane();      
36         //设置布局方式,我采用的BorderLayout布局      
37         p.setLayout(new BorderLayout(3,1));      
38         p.add(jt,BorderLayout.NORTH);      
39         //添加姓名标签在中央      
40         p.add(name,BorderLayout.CENTER);           
41         p.add(btn,BorderLayout.SOUTH);      
42         rFrame.pack();      //设置窗体大小     
43         rFrame.setSize(250, 250);      
44         //设置可以显示      
45         rFrame.setVisible(true);    
46         }
47     //获取随机的姓名  
48     public String getRandomName()  {
49         int a = 0;      
50         a = rd.nextInt(stuName.length);            
51         return stuName[a]; 
52         }
53     public static void main(String[] args)  {     
54         RollCall rn=new RollCall();
55         rn.init();
56         }
57 }

 

运行结果如下:

杨玲 201771010133《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结_第9张图片 杨玲 201771010133《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结_第10张图片

4. 实验总结:

   通过本次实验我掌握了事件处理的基本原理,理解了其用途;掌握了AWT事件模型的工作机制;掌握了事件处理的基本编程模型;了解了GUI界面组件观感设置方法;也掌握了WindowAdapter类、AbstractAction类的用法;还掌握了GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。

 

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