安装Python多版本开发环境

安装环境准备

  1. 准备安装pyenv的环境:
    aptitude install curl
    aptitude install git
    
  2. 准备安装python的环境:
    aptitude install clang
    aptitude install binutils
    aptitude install build-essential
    aptitude install zlibc
    aptitude install libssl-dev 
    aptitude install zlib1g-dev 
    aptitude install libncurses5-dev 
    aptitude install libncursesw5-dev 
    aptitude install libreadline-dev 
    aptitude install libsqlite3-dev 
    aptitude install libgdbm-dev 
    aptitude install libdb5.3-dev 
    aptitude install libbz2-dev 
    aptitude install libexpat1-dev 
    aptitude install liblzma-dev 
    aptitude install tk-dev
    

Python版本安装

  1. 安装python3.6.3:
    $ pyenv install 3.6.3
    Downloading Python-3.6.3.tar.xz...
    -> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tar.xz
    Installing Python-3.6.3...
    Installed Python-3.6.3 to /home/ubuntu/.pyenv/versions/3.6.3
    
  2. 卸载Python3.6.3:
    pyenv uninstall 3.6.3
    

Python版本管理

  1. 查看系统当前使用到的版本:
    $ pyenv version
    system (set by /home/ubuntu/.pyenv/version)
    
  2. 查看系统所有版本:
    $ pyenv versions
    * system (set by /home/ubuntu/.pyenv/version)
      3.6.3
    
  3. 版本设置有如下三种方式:
     pyenv shell 3.6.3
    pyenv local 3.6.3
    pyenv global 3.6.3
    
    其中:
    1. pyenv shell 3.6.3设置环境变量PYENV_VERSION,仅应用于当前Shell,退出Shell则恢复;
    1. pyenv local 3.6.3在当前目录下创建文件.python-version,其中内容为版本信息3.6.3,进入该目录则版本切换为3.6.3;
    1. pyenv global 3.6.3在目录~/.pyenv下创建文件version,其内容为版本信息3.6.3
    版本搜索路径为:
    1. 首先检查是否有设置环境变量PYENV_VERSION,有设置则以此为准;
    1. 前者不符检查当前目录是否存在文件.python-version,有设置则以此为准;
    1. 前两者不符则检查是否存在文件~/.pyenv/version,有设置则以此为准;
    1. 前三者均为设置,则以系统设置为准;

pyenv管理virtualenv

  1. 切换版本:
    pyenv shell 3.6.3
    
  2. 创建虚拟环境:
    $ pyenv virtualenv stock
    Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /home/ubuntu/.pyenv/versions/3.6.3/envs/stock/lib/python3.6/site-packages
    Requirement already satisfied: pip in /home/ubuntu/.pyenv/versions/3.6.3/envs/stock/lib/python3.6/site-packages
    
  3. 进入虚拟环境:
    $ pyenv activate stock
    pyenv-virtualenv: prompt changing will be removed from future release. configure `export PYENV_VIRTUALENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1' to simulate the behavior.
    
  4. 退出虚拟环境:
    $ source deactivate
    pyenv-virtualenv: deactivate 3.6.3/envs/stock
    

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