日光之下的虚空（2）——何事为美

欲立则破。

在人的心灵花园里矗立着许多废墟，若不拆除就无法在其上建造。

所罗门王在传道书中第一章便道出万事尽都虚空的结论，这个结论并非空穴来风，而是他经过实践得出的经验，第二章就描述了他所做的各种努力和尝试。

第一追求：快乐。

用酒和愚昧使自己肉体舒畅；

建造宫殿，花园，栽种葡萄园，仆婢成群做工服侍；

所罗门有妃七百，都是公主；还有嫔三百；

积聚金银财宝，歌唱的男女明星，欣赏音乐艺术……

所罗门王自己总结说：我眼所求的，我没有留下不给它的；我心所乐的，我没有禁止不享受的。

这真是我们难以岂及的快乐追求程度了，快乐吗？当时是觉得快乐的，“因我的心为我一切所劳碌的快乐，这就是我从劳碌中所得的份。 ”

可是，费时费力得来的快乐并不长久，很快，虚空卷土来袭。“后来，我察看我手所经营的一切事和我劳碌所成的功。谁知都是虚空，都是捕风；在日光之下毫无益处。”

第二追求：智慧。

智慧着眼于心灵，好象比肉体的快乐高级一点。

所罗门王在智慧方面可谓是前无古人，后天来者。他因为专心向神求智慧，神就应允他，并将他所没求的资财、丰富和尊荣也赐给他。

　神对所罗门说：“我已立你作我民的王。你既有这心意，并不求资财、丰富、尊荣，也不求灭绝那恨你之人的性命，又不求大寿数，只求智慧聪明好判断我的民； 我必赐你智慧聪明，也必赐你资财、丰富、尊荣。在你以前的列王都没有这样，在你以后也必没有这样的。” (历代志下 1:11-12 和合本)

可惜，想到结局，智慧人和愚昧人最后都要面对死亡，日后都被人忘记，便不由得又发出虚空的感慨：“愚昧人所遇见的，我也必遇见，我为何更有智慧呢？这也是虚空。”

我们每个人生存于世，都在努力满足自己的欲望，想通过欲望的满足获得快乐，获得满足感。

我们虽不如所罗门王，但也在自己能力范围追求着快乐，我们追剧、看电影，我们旅行、吃美食，我们购物，尽可能想买什么就买什么……好象渴望的过程带来的快乐还比满足带来的多。

有欲望，是因为有缺乏，有不足，是痛苦；而当欲望满足，随之而来的是倦怠，是空虚，是生存本身不可承受之重，是另一种形式的痛苦。

人生在欲望和满足之间，从一种痛苦到另一种痛苦。

可见日光之下都是虚空，都是捕风。事事如意和一无所有本质是一样的。

叔本华在《爱与生的苦恼》一书中说：所谓人生，就是在欲望和厌倦之间流转。愿望和满足如果能相继产生，其中间隔不长不短的话，这样的苦恼最少，就是所谓的幸福生活；而如果我们能完全摆脱它们，处于漠不关心的旁观地位，就是人生最美好的部分。

这是试图在无意义的虚空中杀出一条路来，找出生存之道。

叔本华找出两条解脱痛苦之道，一种是暂时解脱，就是通过对艺术的欣赏达到忘我之境，之后还是要回到现实世界；一种是永久解脱，即彻底否定意志（也许可以理解为“舍己”？）

引用叔本华《爱与生的苦恼》，他对人生出路的哲学思考，旨在佐证人生的虚空，快乐与智慧的虚空。

事实上，我们这些普通人，好象还存着许多的乐观，并没感到那样的虚空和绝望，我们还有很多欲望，有的已经满足，有的跳一跳也能够得着，我们同时处在欲望和满足之中，在过程中时常感到其乐无穷，这是普通人的幸福之处吧。

可是，如果我们仅止于此，如果我们不能从经历过这一切的智者的经验中获得人生真谛，看清人生的真相，我们只享受我们当下的快乐，便可能只经历肤浅的人生，错过更重要更宝贵更有价值更有意义的人生。

就如我们学习数学，我们没有能力也没有需要去证明1加1等于2，我们拿来用就好了。智者经历过并总结出的人生结论，我们无需再一一尝试验证，我们可以少走弯路，节省时间，让生命跳出日光之下的虚空，经历更有意义的人生。

附：传道书第二章

我心里说：“来吧，我以喜乐试试你，你好享福！”谁知，这也是虚空。 (传道书 2:1 和合本)

I said to myself, “Come now, I will test you with pleasure to find out what is good.” But that also proved to be meaningless. (Ecclesiastes 2:1 NIV)

我指嬉笑说：“这是狂妄。”论喜乐说：“有何功效呢？” (传道书 2:2 和合本)

“Laughter,” I said, “is madness. And what does pleasure accomplish?” (Ecclesiastes 2:2 NIV)

我心里察究，如何用酒使我肉体舒畅，我心却仍以智慧引导我；又如何持住愚昧，等我看明世人，在天下一生当行何事为美。 (传道书 2:3 和合本)

I tried cheering myself with wine, and embracing folly—my mind still guiding me with wisdom. I wanted to see what was good for people to do under the heavens during the few days of their lives. (Ecclesiastes 2:3 NIV)

我为自己动大工程，建造房屋，栽种葡萄园， (传道书 2:4 和合本)

I undertook great projects: I built houses for myself and planted vineyards. (Ecclesiastes 2:4 NIV)

修造园囿，在其中栽种各样果木树； (传道书 2:5 和合本)

I made gardens and parks and planted all kinds of fruit trees in them. (Ecclesiastes 2:5 NIV)

挖造水池，用以浇灌嫩小的树木。 (传道书 2:6 和合本)

I made reservoirs to water groves of flourishing trees. (Ecclesiastes 2:6 NIV)

我买了仆婢，也有生在家中的仆婢；又有许多牛群羊群，胜过以前在耶路撒冷众人所有的。 (传道书 2:7 和合本)

I bought male and female slaves and had other slaves who were born in my house. I also owned more herds and flocks than anyone in Jerusalem before me. (Ecclesiastes 2:7 NIV)

我又为自己积蓄金银和君王的财宝，并各省的财宝；又得唱歌的男女和世人所喜爱的物，并许多的妃嫔。(传道书 2:8 和合本)

I amassed silver and gold for myself, and the treasure of kings and provinces. I acquired male and female singers, and a harem as well—the delights of a man’s heart. (Ecclesiastes 2:8 NIV)

这样，我就日见昌盛，胜过以前在耶路撒冷的众人。我的智慧仍然存留。 (传道书 2:9 和合本)

I became greater by far than anyone in Jerusalem before me. In all this my wisdom stayed with me. (Ecclesiastes 2:9 NIV)

凡我眼所求的，我没有留下不给它的；我心所乐的，我没有禁止不享受的；因我的心为我一切所劳碌的快乐，这就是我从劳碌中所得的份。 (传道书 2:10 和合本)

I denied myself nothing my eyes desired; I refused my heart no pleasure. My heart took delight in all my labor, and this was the reward for all my toil. (Ecclesiastes 2:10 NIV)

后来，我察看我手所经营的一切事和我劳碌所成的功。谁知都是虚空，都是捕风；在日光之下毫无益处。 (传道书 2:11 和合本)

Yet when I surveyed all that my hands had done and what I had toiled to achieve, everything was meaningless, a chasing after the wind; nothing was gained under the sun. (Ecclesiastes 2:11 NIV)

我转念观看智慧、狂妄，和愚昧。在王以后而来的人还能做什么呢？也不过行早先所行的就是了。 (传道书 2:12 和合本)

Then I turned my thoughts to consider wisdom, and also madness and folly. What more can the king’s successor do than what has already been done? (Ecclesiastes 2:12 NIV)

我便看出智慧胜过愚昧，如同光明胜过黑暗。 (传道书 2:13 和合本)

I saw that wisdom is better than folly, just as light is better than darkness. (Ecclesiastes 2:13 NIV)

智慧人的眼目光明（光明：原文是在他头上），愚昧人在黑暗里行。我却看明有一件事，这两等人都必遇见。 (传道书 2:14 和合本)

The wise have eyes in their heads, while the fool walks in the darkness; but I came to realize that the same fate overtakes them both. (Ecclesiastes 2:14 NIV)

我就心里说：“愚昧人所遇见的，我也必遇见，我为何更有智慧呢？”我心里说，这也是虚空。 (传道书 2:15 和合本)

Then I said to myself, “The fate of the fool will overtake me also. What then do I gain by being wise?” I said to myself, “This too is meaningless.” (Ecclesiastes 2:15 NIV)

智慧人和愚昧人一样，永远无人记念，因为日后都被忘记；可叹智慧人死亡，与愚昧人无异。 (传道书 2:16 和合本)

For the wise, like the fool, will not be long remembered; the days have already come when both have been forgotten. Like the fool, the wise too must die! (Ecclesiastes 2:16 NIV)

我所以恨恶生命；因为在日光之下所行的事我都以为烦恼，都是虚空，都是捕风。(传道书 2:17 和合本)

So I hated life, because the work that is done under the sun was grievous to me. All of it is meaningless, a chasing after the wind. (Ecclesiastes 2:17 NIV)

我恨恶一切的劳碌，就是我在日光之下的劳碌，因为我得来的必留给我以后的人。 (传道书 2:18 和合本)

I hated all the things I had toiled for under the sun, because I must leave them to the one who comes after me. (Ecclesiastes 2:18 NIV)

那人是智慧是愚昧，谁能知道？他竟要管理我劳碌所得的，就是我在日光之下用智慧所得的。这也是虚空。 (传道书 2:19 和合本)

And who knows whether that person will be wise or foolish? Yet they will have control over all the fruit of my toil into which I have poured my effort and skill under the sun. This too is meaningless. (Ecclesiastes 2:19 NIV)

故此，我转想我在日光之下所劳碌的一切工作，心便绝望。 (传道书 2:20 和合本)

So my heart began to despair over all my toilsome labor under the sun. (Ecclesiastes 2:20 NIV)

因为有人用智慧、知识、灵巧所劳碌得来的，却要留给未曾劳碌的人为份。这也是虚空，也是大患。 (传道书 2:21 和合本)

For a person may labor with wisdom, knowledge and skill, and then they must leave all they own to another who has not toiled for it. This too is meaningless and a great misfortune. (Ecclesiastes 2:21 NIV)

人在日光之下劳碌累心，在他一切的劳碌上得着什么呢？ (传道书 2:22 和合本)

What do people get for all the toil and anxious striving with which they labor under the sun? (Ecclesiastes 2:22 NIV)

因为他日日忧虑，他的劳苦成为愁烦，连夜间心也不安。这也是虚空。(传道书 2:23 和合本)

All their days their work is grief and pain; even at night their minds do not rest. This too is meaningless. (Ecclesiastes 2:23 NIV)

人莫强如吃喝，且在劳碌中享福，我看这也是出于　神的手。 (传道书 2:24 和合本)

A person can do nothing better than to eat and drink and find satisfaction in their own toil. This too, I see, is from the hand of God, (Ecclesiastes 2:24 NIV)

论到吃用、享福，谁能胜过我呢？ (传道书 2:25 和合本)

for without him, who can eat or find enjoyment? (Ecclesiastes 2:25 NIV)

　神喜悦谁，就给谁智慧、知识，和喜乐；惟有罪人，　神使他劳苦，叫他将所收聚的、所堆积的归给　神所喜悦的人。这也是虚空，也是捕风。(传道书 2:26 和合本）

To the person who pleases him, God gives wisdom, knowledge and happiness, but to the sinner he gives the task of gathering and storing up wealth to hand it over to the one who pleases God. This too is meaningless, a chasing after the wind. (传道书 2:26 NIV)