iOS CoreAnimation 动画教程

iOS 中 图形 可分为 以下几个层次
UIKit/AppKit

Core Animation

OpenGl ES / OpenGl Core Graphics

Graphics Hardware

越上层,封装程度越高,动画实现越简洁越简单,但是自由度越低;反之亦然。本文着重介绍Core Animation层的基本动画实现方案。

在iOS中,展示动画可以类比于显示生活中的“拍电影”。拍电影有三大要素:演员+剧本+开拍,概念类比如下:
演员--->CALayer,规定电影的主角是谁
剧本--->CAAnimation,规定电影该怎么演,怎么走,怎么变换
开拍--->AddAnimation,开始执行

一、概念介绍

1.1CALayer是什么呢?

CALayer是个与UIView很类似的概念,同样有layer,sublayer...,同样有backgroundColor、frame等相似的属性,我们可以将UIView看做一种特殊的CALayer,只不过UIView可以响应事件而已。一般来说,layer可以有两种用途,二者不互相冲突:一是对view相关属性的设置,包括圆角、阴影、边框等参数,更详细的参数请点击这里;二是实现对view的动画操控。因此对一个view进行core animation动画,本质上是对该view的.layer进行动画操纵。

1.2CAAnimation是什么呢?

CAAnimation可分为四种:

1.CABasicAnimation
通过设定起始点,终点,时间,动画会沿着你这设定点进行移动。可以看做特殊的CAKeyFrameAnimation
2.CAKeyframeAnimation
Keyframe顾名思义就是关键点的frame,你可以通过设定CALayer的始点、中间关键点、终点的frame,时间,动画会沿你设定的轨迹进行移动
3.CAAnimationGroup
Group也就是组合的意思,就是把对这个Layer的所有动画都组合起来。PS:一个layer设定了很多动画,他们都会同时执行,如何按顺序执行我到时候再讲。
4.CATransition
这个就是苹果帮开发者封装好的一些动画
二、动手干活

实践出真知,看个例子就知道:

比如我们想实现一个类似心跳的缩放动画可以这么做,分为演员初始化、设定剧本、电影开拍三个步骤:

- (void)initScaleLayer
{
//演员初始化
CALayer *scaleLayer = [[CALayer alloc] init];
scaleLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor].CGColor;
scaleLayer.frame = CGRectMake(60, 20 + kYOffset, 50, 50);
scaleLayer.cornerRadius = 10;
[self.view.layer addSublayer:scaleLayer];
[scaleLayer release];

//设定剧本
CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.scale"];
scaleAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];
scaleAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.5];
scaleAnimation.autoreverses = YES;
scaleAnimation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
scaleAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
scaleAnimation.duration = 0.8;
 
//开演
[scaleLayer addAnimation:scaleAnimation forKey:@"scaleAnimation"];

}

  • (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.
    [self initScaleLayer];
    }


效果请参考附图中的蓝色方块。其他效果可以依葫芦画瓢轻松实现。想要实现不同的效果,最关键的地方在于CABasicAnimation对象的初始化方式中keyPath的设定。在iOS中有以下几种不同的keyPath,代表着不同的效果:
http://images.cnitblog.com/blog/374539/201501/270936547379029.png
此外,我们还可以利用GroupAnimation实现多种动画的组合,在GroupAnimation中的各个动画类型是同时进行的
- (void)initGroupLayer
{
//演员初始化
CALayer *groupLayer = [[CALayer alloc] init];
groupLayer.frame = CGRectMake(60, 340+100 + kYOffset, 50, 50);
groupLayer.cornerRadius = 10;
groupLayer.backgroundColor = [[UIColor purpleColor] CGColor];
[self.view.layer addSublayer:groupLayer];
[groupLayer release];

//设定剧本
CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.scale"];
scaleAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];
scaleAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.5];
scaleAnimation.autoreverses = YES;
scaleAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
scaleAnimation.duration = 0.8;

CABasicAnimation *moveAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
moveAnimation.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:groupLayer.position];
moveAnimation.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(320 - 80,
groupLayer.position.y)];
moveAnimation.autoreverses = YES;
moveAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
moveAnimation.duration = 2;

CABasicAnimation *rotateAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.rotation.x"];
rotateAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.0];
rotateAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:6.0 * M_PI];
rotateAnimation.autoreverses = YES;
rotateAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
rotateAnimation.duration = 2;

CAAnimationGroup *groupAnnimation = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
groupAnnimation.duration = 2;
groupAnnimation.autoreverses = YES;
groupAnnimation.animations = @[moveAnimation, scaleAnimation, rotateAnimation];
groupAnnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
//开演
[groupLayer addAnimation:groupAnnimation forKey:@"groupAnnimation"];
}

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  • (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.
    [self initGroupLayer];
    }

http://images.cnitblog.com/blog/374539/201501/281717520973529.gif

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