WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug

 在做我的网站WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug的时候遇到了主题切换的问题,特总结与大家共享。

     熟悉asp.net mvc的朋友都知道,mvc中,默认情况下视图都在views文件夹下放着。要想改变文件必须重写WebFormViewEngine,也就是从WebFormViewEngine继承。对于razor模板是从RazorViewEngine继承。

首选我们来回顾一下,传统的做法。假若一个网站有前台、个人中心、企业中心、后台组成(对于类似博客系统不同用户不同主题的现象问题一样),那么,每个功能都需要定义一个视图引擎。个人中心代码如下:

 

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
 1 public class UserViewEngine : WebFormViewEngine

 2 

 3      {

 4          public UserViewEngine()

 5          {

 6              MasterLocationFormats = new[]{

 7                  "~/Views/Users/{1}/{0}.master",

 8                  "~/Views/Users/shared/{0}.master"

 9              };

10  

11              ViewLocationFormats = new[]{

12                  "~/Views/Users/{1}/{0}.aspx",

13                  "~/Views/Users/{1}/{0}.ascx",

14                  "~/Views/Users/shared/{0}.aspx",

15                  "~/Views/Users/shared/{0}.ascx"

16              };

17  

18              PartialViewLocationFormats = new[]{

19                  "~/Views/Users/{1}/{0}.ascx",

20                  "~/Views/Users/shared/{0}.ascx"

21              };

22          }

23  

24          public override ViewEngineResult FindView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string viewName, string masterName, bool useCache)

25          {

26              return base.FindView(controllerContext, viewName, masterName, useCache);

27          }

28  

29          public override ViewEngineResult FindPartialView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string partialViewName, bool useCache)

30          {

31              return base.FindPartialView(controllerContext, partialViewName, useCache);

32          }

33      }
View Code

 

 

企业中心代码如下:

 

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
 1 public class MemberViewEngine : WebFormViewEngine

 2 

 3      {

 4          public MemberViewEngine()

 5          {

 6              MasterLocationFormats = new[]{

 7                  "~/Views/Member/{1}/{0}.master",

 8                  "~/Views/Member/shared/{0}.master"

 9              };

10  

11              ViewLocationFormats = new[]{

12                  "~/Views/Member/{1}/{0}.aspx",

13                  "~/Views/Member/shared/{0}.aspx"

14              };

15  

16              PartialViewLocationFormats = new[]{

17                  "~/Views/Member/{1}/{0}.ascx",

18                  "~/Views/Member/shared/{0}.ascx",

19                  "~/Views/shared/{0}.ascx"

20              };

21          }

22  

23          public override ViewEngineResult FindView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string viewName, string masterName, bool useCache)

24          {

25              return base.FindView(controllerContext, viewName, masterName, useCache);

26          }

27  

28          public override ViewEngineResult FindPartialView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string partialViewName, bool useCache)

29          {

30              return base.FindPartialView(controllerContext, partialViewName, useCache);

31          }

32      }
View Code

 

 

 

对于前台和后台的模板引擎,可以自己通过简单的修改去实现 。

视图引擎能被调用的地方有三处,第一处是在globals中,也就是在application_start中注册视图引擎;第二个地方时在父类的构造函数中初始化;第三个是在view函数被调用前,也就是利用过滤器。

 application_start中代码如下:

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
 protected void Application_Start()



         {

             ViewEngines.Engines.Clear();

             ViewEngines.Engines.Add(new UserViewEngine());

             AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();

             RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);

             

         } 
View Code

 

构造函数中如下:

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
 public ctor()



         {

             ViewEngines.Engines.Clear();

             ViewEngines.Engines.Add(new UserViewEngine());

             

         } 
View Code

 

过滤器中如下:

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
1  public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)

2 

3      {

4          //其他操作

5          ViewEngines.Engines.Clear();

6          ViewEngines.Engines.Add(new UserViewEngine());

7      } 
View Code

 

对于第一种调用方法,显然满足不了我们的需求。这样只有求助于第二种和第三种调用方法。 也就是在view函数被调用之前进行对当前视图引擎的替换。view函数一般如下:

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
1  public ActionResult About()

2 

3          {

4              return View();

5          } 
View Code

 

这样便实现了我们的需求。

 

但是,目前实现的只能在单线程下使用,或者在同时都访问前台或者都放我用户中心的情况下是对的。假若同时出现并发现象。也就是一个用户访问企业中心,一个用户访问用户中心。为了说明问题(简单代码实现),贴代码如下,用户中心类似代码:

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
1   public ActionResult List()

2 

3          {

4          ViewEngines.Engines.Clear();

5          ViewEngines.Engines.Add(new UserViewEngine());

6  

7          Thread.Sleep(500000)

8              return View();

9          } 
View Code

 

 企业中心类似代码

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
1  public ActionResult List()

2 

3          {

4          ViewEngineCollection.Clear();

5          ViewEngineCollection.Add(new MemberViewEngine());

6  

7          Thread.Sleep(10000)

8              return View();

9          } 
View Code

 

 为了说明问题,我故意在上面加了线程睡眠时间。

现在,个人中心先被访问,然后企业中心再被访问。这样运行之后是会报错的,说找不到视图。

究其原因,是由于个人中心运行慢,企业中心运行快。那么用户中心的视图引擎就变成了企业中心的视图引擎。但我们明明都在函数里加了如下代码,为啥还报错呢?

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
1  ViewEngines.Engines.Clear();

2 

3          ViewEngines.Engines.Add(new UserViewEngine());
View Code

 

 

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
1  ViewEngines.Clear();

2 

3          ViewEngines.Add(new MemberViewEngine()); 
View Code

 

我抱着究根问底的态度去研究程序的源码,发觉微软的实现如下:

 

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
 1  // Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.txt in the project root for license information.

 2 

 3  

 4  namespace System.Web.Mvc

 5  {

 6      public static class ViewEngines

 7      {

 8          private static readonly ViewEngineCollection _engines = new ViewEngineCollection

 9          {

10              new WebFormViewEngine(),

11              new RazorViewEngine(),

12          };

13  

14          public static ViewEngineCollection Engines

15          {

16              get { return _engines; }

17          }

18      }

19  } 
View Code

 

 

 

 看到上面的代码,大家应该都明白了问题出现的根源,是静态类造成的。

那么,我们有没解决问题的办法呢?幸运的是,微软给出了另外一个调用办法,这个方法是在controller中有一个非静态变量,定义如下:

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
1  private ViewEngineCollection _viewEngineCollection;

2 

3  [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2227:CollectionPropertiesShouldBeReadOnly", Justification = "This entire type is meant to be mutable.")]

4          public ViewEngineCollection ViewEngineCollection

5          {

6              get { return _viewEngineCollection ?? ViewEngines.Engines; }

7              set { _viewEngineCollection = value; }

8          } 
View Code

 

看到这里,大家是不是感觉到微软考虑问题是很周全了呢?

别急,我们看看 get { return _viewEngineCollection ?? ViewEngines.Engines; }

也就是说 _viewEngineCollection 为空的时候取的是ViewEngines.Engines。那么,我们在每个view函数被调用前都把ViewEngineCollection赋值不就行了吗?类似于下面的代码:

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
1  ViewEngineCollection.Clear();

2 

3          ViewEngineCollection.Add(new MemberViewEngine()); 
View Code

 

     有的朋友可能发觉,这样实现是不对的,他们会提出下面的实现办法:

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
1 ViewEngineCollection = new ViewEngineCollection { new MemberViewEngine() }; 
View Code

 

 这样的代码一运行,确实正确,我们ok!

但这是在我们没用到用户控件的情况下,假若一个母版页中加载了用户控件,类似下面的代码

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
1 <%Html.RenderPartial("Menu");%> 
View Code

 

 上面的代码在运行中还是会报错的。 

这个问题困扰了我一段时间,我想微软不会错吧。是不是我的程序出错了,郁闷了好久。

然后,我就想到了看看RenderPartial 是怎么实现的。一查源码,发觉代码如下:

 

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
 1  // Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. See License.txt in the project root for license information.

 2 

 3  

 4  namespace System.Web.Mvc.Html

 5  {

 6      public static class RenderPartialExtensions

 7      {

 8          // Renders the partial view with the parent's view data and model

 9          public static void RenderPartial(this HtmlHelper htmlHelper, string partialViewName)

10          {

11              htmlHelper.RenderPartialInternal(partialViewName, htmlHelper.ViewData, null /* model */, htmlHelper.ViewContext.Writer, ViewEngines.Engines);

12          }

13  

14          // Renders the partial view with the given view data and, implicitly, the given view data's model

15          public static void RenderPartial(this HtmlHelper htmlHelper, string partialViewName, ViewDataDictionary viewData)

16          {

17              htmlHelper.RenderPartialInternal(partialViewName, viewData, null /* model */, htmlHelper.ViewContext.Writer, ViewEngines.Engines);

18          }

19  

20          // Renders the partial view with an empty view data and the given model

21          public static void RenderPartial(this HtmlHelper htmlHelper, string partialViewName, object model)

22          {

23              htmlHelper.RenderPartialInternal(partialViewName, htmlHelper.ViewData, model, htmlHelper.ViewContext.Writer, ViewEngines.Engines);

24          }

25  

26          // Renders the partial view with a copy of the given view data plus the given model

27          public static void RenderPartial(this HtmlHelper htmlHelper, string partialViewName, object model, ViewDataDictionary viewData)

28          {

29              htmlHelper.RenderPartialInternal(partialViewName, viewData, model, htmlHelper.ViewContext.Writer, ViewEngines.Engines);

30          }

31      }

32  } 
View Code

 

 

 

  以上是微软asp.net mvc 4中实现的源码,我们看到了,微软用的还是ViewEngines.Engines,也就是说用的还是静态变量。这样,我们便找到了问题的根源。

找到问题的根源后,我就在想,能不能把该函数重写了呢?我就跟踪到源码中去,结果发觉它的实现如下:

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
 1  internal virtual void RenderPartialInternal(string partialViewName, ViewDataDictionary viewData, object model, TextWriter writer, ViewEngineCollection viewEngineCollection)

 2 

 3          {

 4              if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(partialViewName))

 5              {

 6                  throw new ArgumentException(MvcResources.Common_NullOrEmpty, "partialViewName");

 7              }

 8  

 9              ViewDataDictionary newViewData = null;

10  

11              if (model == null)

12              {

13                  if (viewData == null)

14                  {

15                      newViewData = new ViewDataDictionary(ViewData);

16                  }

17                  else

18                  {

19                      newViewData = new ViewDataDictionary(viewData);

20                  }

21              }

22              else

23              {

24                  if (viewData == null)

25                  {

26                      newViewData = new ViewDataDictionary(model);

27                  }

28                  else

29                  {

30                      newViewData = new ViewDataDictionary(viewData) { Model = model };

31                  }

32              }

33  

34              ViewContext newViewContext = new ViewContext(ViewContext, ViewContext.View, newViewData, ViewContext.TempData, writer);

35              IView view = FindPartialView(newViewContext, partialViewName, viewEngineCollection);

36              view.Render(newViewContext, writer);

37          } 
View Code

 

 也即使说RenderPartialInternal 只能在程序集内部被调用,外部没法调用。这样的情况让我郁闷了好久。

然后我就把 RenderPartialInternal及其相关的源码复制了出来,组成了一个自己的类,幸运的是,复制出来的代码在略微修改后可以运行,实现如下:

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
 1 public static class HtmlHelperExtension

 2      {

 3          public static void RenderPartial2(this HtmlHelper htmlHelper, string partialViewName)

 4          {

 5              RenderPartialInternal(htmlHelper.ViewContext,partialViewName, htmlHelper.ViewData, null /* model */, htmlHelper.ViewContext.Writer, ((Controller)htmlHelper.ViewContext.Controller).ViewEngineCollection);

 6          }

 7  

 8          internal static IView FindPartialView(ViewContext viewContext, string partialViewName, ViewEngineCollection viewEngineCollection)

 9          {

10              ViewEngineResult result = viewEngineCollection.FindPartialView(viewContext, partialViewName);

11              if (result.View != null)

12              {

13                  return result.View;

14              }

15  

16              StringBuilder locationsText = new StringBuilder();

17              foreach (string location in result.SearchedLocations)

18              {

19                  locationsText.AppendLine();

20                  locationsText.Append(location);

21              }

22  

23              throw new InvalidOperationException(partialViewName+locationsText);

24          }

25  

26          internal static void RenderPartialInternal(ViewContext ViewContext, string partialViewName, ViewDataDictionary viewData, object model, TextWriter writer, ViewEngineCollection viewEngineCollection)

27          {

28              if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(partialViewName))

29              {

30                  throw new ArgumentException("partialViewName");

31              }

32  

33              ViewDataDictionary newViewData = null;

34  

35              if (model == null)

36              {

37                  newViewData = new ViewDataDictionary(viewData);

38              }

39              else

40              {

41                  if (viewData == null)

42                  {

43                      newViewData = new ViewDataDictionary(model);

44                  }

45                  else

46                  {

47                      newViewData = new ViewDataDictionary(viewData) { Model = model };

48                  }

49              }

50  

51              ViewContext newViewContext = new ViewContext(ViewContext, ViewContext.View, newViewData, ViewContext.TempData, writer);

52              IView view = FindPartialView(newViewContext, partialViewName, viewEngineCollection);

53              view.Render(newViewContext, writer);

54          }

55      }
View Code

 

 

 这样用户控件的调用便变成了下面的形式:

WebFormViewEngine及用户控件寻址bug
1  <%Html.RenderPartial2("Menu");%> 
View Code

 

经过测试,一切正确。

对于上面mvc中bug,不知道有朋友发觉没,应该有吧。这是我首次遇到,就发帖出来与大家共享。

这篇文章,其实也总结了mvc中自定义主题的实现方法。

这是我在做我的网站车聘网的时候遇到的。 

 

上面的源码本来都折叠的,但发出来后竟然打不开,然后又重新贴了边,郁闷坏了,难道是博客园的编辑器有问题?

我用的cuteeditor,有知道的朋友说下。 

  

 

 

 

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