MEF(Managed Extensibility Framework)有选择性地使用扩展组件

在"MEF(Managed Extensibility Framework)使用全部扩展组件"中,客户端应用程序调用了所有的扩展组件,而且如果有新的扩展组件加入,必须先关闭程序,再重新启动才可以调用所有组件。

本篇体验使用MEF的ExportMetadata特性,有选择性地使用某些扩展组件,使用Lazy<>,让客户端程序延迟动态加载组件,即使不关闭应用程序,也能调用所有组件。

 

2

● StudentMEF.Lib, 类库,包含接口IStudent.cs
● StudentMEF.One,类库,包含实现IStudent的类One.cs
● StudentMEF.Two,类库,包含实现IStudent的类One.cs
● StudentMEF.Client,控制台程序

 

□ 所有扩展满足的约定是

namespace StudentMEF.Lib
{
    public interface IStudent
    {
        string GetName();
        int GetScore();
    }
}

 

□ StudentMEF.One类库

→ 需引用StudentMEF.Lib组件
→ 需引用System.ComponentModel.Composition组件

 

using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
using StudentMEF.Lib;

namespace StudentMEF.One
{
    [Export(typeof(IStudent))]
    [ExportMetadata("Type","ONE")]

    public class One : IStudent
    {
        private string _Name;
        private int _Score;

        public One()
        {
            _Name = "jack";
            _Score = 80;
        }
        public string GetName()
        {
            return _Name;
        }

        public int GetScore()
        {
            return _Score;
        }
    }
}

 

□ StudentMEF.Two类库

→ 需引用StudentMEF.Lib组件
→ 需引用System.ComponentModel.Composition组件

 

using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
using StudentMEF.Lib;

namespace StudentMEF.Two
{
    [Export(typeof(IStudent))]
    [ExportMetadata("Type","TWO")]

    public class Two : IStudent
    {
        private string _Name;
        private int _Score;

        public Two()
        {
            _Name = "Bob";
            _Score = 90;
        }

        public string GetName()
        {
            return _Name;
        }

        public int GetScore()
        {
            return _Score;
        }
    }
}

 

□ StudentMEF.Client控制台程序

→ 需引用StudentMEF.Lib组件
→ 需引用System.ComponentModel.Composition组件
→ 需在可执行程序所在目录,即生成路径下,创建Extensions文件夹

 

需要一个帮助类StudentFactory,他的职责包括:

1、为了动态加载Extensions文件夹的所有扩展组件,可以使用Lazy<>来动态实现延迟加载,即只有当客户端程序使用到Extensions文件夹中组件的时候,再去加载这些扩展组件。
2、把扩展组件放到Catalog中,在CompositionContainer构建Part等,这些常规操作,也都需要。
3、提供一个方法,根据元数据ExportMetadata来获取对应的组件。

 

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting;
using StudentMEF.Lib;

namespace StudentMEF.Client
{
    public class StudentFactory
    {
        [ImportMany]
        private Lazy<IStudent, IDictionary<string, object>>[] Students { get; set; }

        public StudentFactory()
        {
            var catalog = new AggregateCatalog();
            catalog.Catalogs.Add(new DirectoryCatalog(@".\Extensions"));
            var container = new CompositionContainer(catalog);
            container.ComposeParts(this);
        }

        public List<IStudent> GetStudents(string c)
        {
            List<IStudent> result = new List<IStudent>();
            foreach (var student in Students)
            {
                if ((string)student.Metadata["Type"] == c)
                {
                    result.Add(student.Value);
                }
            }
            return result;
        }     
    }
}

Lazy<IStudent, IDictionary<string, object>>中,第二个参数IDictionary<string, object>与ExportMetadata("Type","TWO")对应。

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string c = "";
            while (true)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("输入学生类型:");
                c = Console.ReadLine();
                StudentFactory studentFactory = new StudentFactory();
                List<IStudent> students = studentFactory.GetStudents(c.ToUpper());
                if (students.Count == 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("没有此类型学生~");
                }
                else
                {
                    foreach (IStudent student in students)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("姓名:{0},分数:{1}",student.GetName(),student.GetScore()));
                    }
                }
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

 

当Extensions文件夹中只有StudentMEF.One.dll组件,输入one,找到匹配,输入two找不到匹配;不关闭控制台程序,把StudentMEF.Two.dll也放入 Extensions文件夹,再输入two,找到匹配。      

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