Ubuntu 16.04 下pkg-config的安装与简介

1. 什么是pkg-config

简单的说就是向用户向程序提供相应库的路径、版本号等信息的程序

譬如说我们运行以下命令


pkg-config  查看gcc的CFLAGS参数
pkg-config --libs --cflags opencv

显示

-I/usr/include/opencv -lcxcore -lcv -lhighgui -lcvaux

1.1 这不就是我们用gcc编译连接时CFLAGS的参数吗?

因此当我们需要编译连接某个库时,我们只需要把上面那行加入gcc 的参数里面即可

这也是configure的作用:它会检查你需要的包,产生相应的信息

1.2 那pkg-config从哪儿知道这些信息的呢?

它是从包名为xxx.pc这个文件中查找到的。
拿上面那个例子说,它是从opencv.pc这个文件中查知的。
那pkg-config 又怎么会知道opencv.pc这个文件呢?


1.3 pkg-config是怎样工作的?

缺省情况下,pkg-config首 先在prefix/lib/pkgconfig/中查找相关包(譬如opencv)对应的相应的文件(opencv.pc)

在linux上上述路径名为 /usr/lib/pkconfig/
若是没有找到,它也会到PKG_CONFIG_PATH这个环境变量所指定的路径下去找。
若是没有找到,它就会报 错,例如:


Package opencv was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `opencv.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'opencv' found

设置环境变量PKG_CONFIG_PATH方法举例如下:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/cv/lib:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH

1.4 查看一个.pc文件的内容:

[root@yx pkgconfig]# cat glib-2.0.pc 
prefix=/usr
exec_prefix=/usr
libdir=/lib
includedir=/usr/include
configexecincludedir=/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include

glib_genmarshal=glib-genmarshal
gobject_query=gobject-query
glib_mkenums=glib-mkenums

Name: GLib
Description: C Utility Library
Version: 2.12.3
Libs: -L${libdir} -lglib-2.0  
Cflags: -I${includedir}/glib-2.0 -I${configexecincludedir}

[root@yx pkgconfig]# pwd
/usr/lib/pkgconfig

可见.pc文件 是对其的库文件路径,头文件路径,版本号,Cflags等一些参数进行封装

上面部分来源于:http://www.cppblog.com/colorful/archive/2012/05/05/173750.html

2、下载pkg-config

(我下的是pkg-config-0.29.2.tar.gz)下载地址

3、解压:tar -zxvf pkg-config-0.29.2.tar.gz

解压之后出现deprecated信息以及 目录下的信息;
deprecated信息有人知道怎么解决希望评论一波,强迫症。。。一枚


pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib/deprecated/
pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib/deprecated/gcompletion.h
pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib/deprecated/gthread-deprecated.c
pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib/deprecated/grel.h
pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib/deprecated/gmain.h
pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib/deprecated/gcache.h
pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib/deprecated/gcache.c
pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib/deprecated/gallocator.h
pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib/deprecated/gallocator.c
pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib/deprecated/grel.c
pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib/deprecated/gcompletion.c
pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib/deprecated/gthread.h

cd 进入解压文件夹


root@test-2288H-V5:/home/wang# cd pkg-config-0.29.2
root@test-2288H-V5:/home/wang/pkg-config-0.29.2# ll
total 1704
drwxrwxr-x 4 test test   4096 3月  21  2017 ./
drwxr-x--- 4 wang wang   4096 8月  16 23:57 ../
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 372514 3月  21  2017 aclocal.m4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test    359 2月   9  2014 AUTHORS
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test  47305 2月   9  2014 ChangeLog
drwxrwxr-x 7 test test   4096 3月  21  2017 check/
-rwxr-xr-x 1 test test   7333 3月  19  2017 compile*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 test test  42938 9月  27  2015 config.guess*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test   2335 3月  21  2017 config.h.in
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test   2748 3月  21  2017 config.h.win32
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test   2754 4月  12  2016 config.h.win32.in
-rwxr-xr-x 1 test test  36006 9月  27  2015 config.sub*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 test test 523693 3月  21  2017 configure*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test   8585 3月  21  2017 configure.ac
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test  18092 2月   9  2014 COPYING
-rwxr-xr-x 1 test test  23566 9月  27  2015 depcomp*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test   1711 4月  12  2016 detectenv-msvc.mak
drwxrwxr-x 4 test test   4096 3月  21  2017 glib/
-rw-r--r-- 1 test test  15752 9月  27  2015 INSTALL
-rwxr-xr-x 1 test test  14675 9月  27  2015 install-sh*
-rw-r--r-- 1 test test 324089 1月  24  2016 ltmain.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test  24615 3月  19  2017 main.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test   1794 4月  12  2016 Makefile.am
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test  38877 3月  21  2017 Makefile.in
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test    101 4月  12  2016 Makefile.sources
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test   2620 4月  12  2016 Makefile.vc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 test test   6872 9月  27  2015 missing*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test  13138 3月  21  2017 NEWS
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test  28168 3月  20  2017 parse.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test   1248 3月  19  2017 parse.h
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test  30963 3月  21  2017 pkg.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test  23611 3月  21  2017 pkg-config.1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test  17832 4月  12  2016 pkg-config-guide.html
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test   4475 3月  19  2017 pkg.h
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test  10253 3月  21  2017 pkg.m4.in
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test   2599 2月   9  2014 README
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test   2413 4月  12  2016 README.win32
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test   4037 4月  12  2016 rpmvercmp.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test    617 4月  12  2016 rpmvercmp.h

4、运行配置文件进行系统配置

./configure --with-internal-glib


root@test-2288H-V5:/home/wang/pkg-config-0.29.2# ./configure --with-internal-glib
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... mawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking how to print strings... printf
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed

5、编译 pkgconfig : make

make这里有warning,查了一些资料emmm不好不好,有大佬知道如何解决,可以附在评论,我学习一下,完善资料。


make[6]: Entering directory '/home/wang/pkg-config-0.29.2/glib/glib'
  CC       libglib_2_0_la-gallocator.lo
  CC       libglib_2_0_la-gcache.lo
  CC       libglib_2_0_la-gcompletion.lo
  CC       libglib_2_0_la-grel.lo
  CC       libglib_2_0_la-gthread-deprecated.lo
  CC       libglib_2_0_la-garray.lo
  CC       libglib_2_0_la-gasyncqueue.lo
  CC       libglib_2_0_la-gatomic.lo
  CC       libglib_2_0_la-gbacktrace.lo
gbacktrace.c: In function ‘g_on_error_query’:
gbacktrace.c:177:5: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
     fgets (buf, 8, stdin);
     ^
gbacktrace.c: In function ‘stack_trace’:
gbacktrace.c:301:18: warning: ignoring return value of ‘dup’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
       close (0); dup (in_fd[0]);   /* set the stdin to the in pipe */
                  ^
gbacktrace.c:302:18: warning: ignoring return value of ‘dup’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
       close (1); dup (out_fd[1]);  /* set the stdout to the out pipe */
                  ^
gbacktrace.c:303:18: warning: ignoring return value of ‘dup’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
       close (2); dup (out_fd[1]);  /* set the stderr to the out pipe */
                  ^
gbacktrace.c:318:3: warning: ignoring return value of ‘write’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
   write (in_fd[1], "backtrace\n", 10);
   ^
gbacktrace.c:319:3: warning: ignoring return value of ‘write’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
   write (in_fd[1], "p x = 0\n", 8);
   ^
gbacktrace.c:320:3: warning: ignoring return value of ‘write’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
   write (in_fd[1], "quit\n", 5);


6、安装包自检测 以及安装

make check
make install

7. 检查安装情况

pkg-config -list-all

细节如下:


root@test-2288H-V5:/home/wang/pkg-config-0.29.2# pkg-config -list-all
Unknown option -list-all
root@test-2288H-V5:/home/wang/pkg-config-0.29.2# pkg-config --list-all
iso-codes                      iso-codes - ISO country, language, script and currency codes and translations
systemd                        systemd - systemd System and Service Manager
pm-utils                       pm-utils - Power management scripts for suspend and hibernate
kbproto                        KBProto - KB extension headers
fixesproto                     FixesProto - X Fixes extension headers
usbutils                       usbutils - USB device database
xkeyboard-config               XKeyboardConfig - X Keyboard configuration data
inputproto                     InputProto - Input extension headers
xextproto                      XExtProto - XExt extension headers
xbitmaps                       X bitmaps - Bitmaps that are shared between X applications
adwaita-icon-theme             gnome-icon-theme - A collection of icons used as the basis for GNOME themes
mobile-broadband-provider-info mobile-broadband-provider-info - Mobile Broadband Service Provider Information Database
libquvi-scripts                libquvi-scripts - Scripts for libquvi
fontutil                       FontUtil - Font utilities dirs
poppler-data                   poppler-data - Encoding files for use with poppler
udev                           udev - udev
bash-completion                bash-completion - programmable completion for the bash shell
yelp-xsl                       yelp-xsl - Yelp XSLT Stylesheets
xtrans                         XTrans - Abstract network code for X
xproto                         Xproto - Xproto headers
xorg-sgml-doctools             xorg-sgml-doctools - Stylesheets and entities for X.Org documentation
shared-mime-info               shared-mime-info - Freedesktop common MIME database
root@test-2288H-V5:/home/wang/pkg-config-0.29.2#


至此, pkg-config 安装完成。

参考资料

  1. https://blog.csdn.net/malin0523/article/details/80328587
  2. 介绍:https://blog.csdn.net/newchenxf/article/details/51750239
  3. 下载地址:https://pkg-config.freedesktop.org/releases/
  4. configure、pkg-config、pkg_config_path三者的关系

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