企业日志分析——ELK集群搭建手册

ELK集群搭建

环境介绍

主机名	备注
web	运行apache web服务
node1	作为elk节点1，kibana将安装在此节点
node2	作为elk节点2

所有主机修改主机名，以node1

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node1

所有主机添加主机名解析

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.218.6   node1
192.168.218.7   node2
192.168.218.142 web

所有主机停止防火墙并安装java

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
yum install -y java-1.8.0

elasticsearch部署

两台node节点安装elasticsearch

[root@node1 opt]# yum -y install elasticsearch-5.5.0.rpm
[root@node2 opt]# yum -y install elasticsearch-5.5.0.rpm

修改elasticsearch配置文件

# 先备份
[root@node1 opt]# cp /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml.bak
[root@node1 opt]# vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
# 集群名字
cluster.name: my-elk-cluster
# 节点名字，注意node2上要修改为node2
node.name: node1
# 数据存放的路径
path.data: /data/elk_data
# 日志存放的路径
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch/
# 不在启动的时候锁定内存
bootstrap.memory_lock: false
# 提供服务的IP地址，0.0.0.0代表本机所有IP地址
network.host: 0.0.0.0
# 监听端口
http.port: 9200

为避免出错，直接将node1上的配置文件发送到node2上

[root@node1s opt]# scp /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml root@node2:/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

记得要在node2上将/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml中的节点名字修改为node2

node1、node2上创建数据存放路径并授权

[root@node1 opt]# mkdir -p /data/elk_data
[root@node1 opt]# chown elasticsearch:elasticsearch /data/elk_data/

[root@node2 opt]# mkdir -p /data/elk_data
[root@node2 opt]# chown elasticsearch:elasticsearch /data/elk_data/

启动服务

[root@node1 opt]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@node1 opt]# systemctl enable elasticsearch.service
[root@node1 opt]# systemctl start elasticsearch.service


[root@node2 opt]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@node2 opt]# systemctl enable elasticsearch.service
[root@node2 opt]# systemctl start elasticsearch.service

查看监听状态，若没有输出结果则需要等待一会

netstat -antp |grep 9200

待服务开启后，可使用浏览器或curl命令查看集群健康状态

[root@node1 opt]# curl node1:9200/_cluster/health?pretty
{
  "cluster_name" : "web-elk-cluster",
  "status" : "green",
  "timed_out" : false,
  "number_of_nodes" : 2,
  "number_of_data_nodes" : 2,
  "active_primary_shards" : 0,
  "active_shards" : 0,
  "relocating_shards" : 0,
  "initializing_shards" : 0,
  "unassigned_shards" : 0,
  "delayed_unassigned_shards" : 0,
  "number_of_pending_tasks" : 0,
  "number_of_in_flight_fetch" : 0,
  "task_max_waiting_in_queue_millis" : 0,
  "active_shards_percent_as_number" : 100.0
}
[root@node1 opt]# curl node2:9200/_cluster/health?pretty
{
  "cluster_name" : "web-elk-cluster",
  "status" : "green",
  "timed_out" : false,
  "number_of_nodes" : 2,
  "number_of_data_nodes" : 2,
  "active_primary_shards" : 0,
  "active_shards" : 0,
  "relocating_shards" : 0,
  "initializing_shards" : 0,
  "unassigned_shards" : 0,
  "delayed_unassigned_shards" : 0,
  "number_of_pending_tasks" : 0,
  "number_of_in_flight_fetch" : 0,
  "task_max_waiting_in_queue_millis" : 0,
  "active_shards_percent_as_number" : 100.0
}

部署elasticsearch-head

elasticsearch-head插件可更加直观地反应集群的状况，方便管理

部署node组件

在两个节点上部署node

[root@node1 opt]# tar -xf node-v8.2.1.tar.gz 
[root@node1 opt]# cd node-v8.2.1/
[root@node1 node-v8.2.1]# ./configure
[root@node1 node-v8.2.1]# make -j4
[root@node1 node-v8.2.1]# make install

[root@node2 opt]# tar -xf node-v8.2.1.tar.gz 
[root@node2 opt]# cd node-v8.2.1/
[root@node2 node-v8.2.1]# ./configure 
[root@node2 node-v8.2.1]# make -j4
[root@node2 node-v8.2.1]# make install

安装phantomjs

[root@node1 opt]# tar -xf phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
[root@node1 opt]# mv phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/src/
[root@node1 opt]# cp /usr/local/src/phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64/bin/phantomjs  /usr/local/bin/


[root@node2 opt]# tar -xf phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64.tar.bz2 
[root@node2 opt]# mv phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/src/
[root@node2 opt]# cp /usr/local/src/phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64/bin/phantomjs  /usr/local/bin/

安装elasticsearch-head

[root@node1 opt]# tar -xf elasticsearch-head.tar.gz
[root@node1 opt]# mv elasticsearch-head /usr/local/src/
[root@node1 opt]# cd /usr/local/src/elasticsearch-head/
[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# npm install

[root@node2 opt]# tar -xf elasticsearch-head.tar.gz 
[root@node2 opt]# mv elasticsearch-head /usr/local/src/
[root@node2 opt]# cd /usr/local/src/elasticsearch-head/
[root@node2 elasticsearch-head]# npm install

修改配置文件，重新启动服务，启动elasticsearch-head

[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
# 添加
# 开启跨域访问支持
http.cors.enabled: true
# 跨域访问允许的域名地址
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# systemctl restart elasticsearch


[root@node2 elasticsearch-head]# vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
[root@node2 elasticsearch-head]# systemctl restart elasticsearch



[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# npm run start &
[root@node2 elasticsearch-head]# npm run start &

# 检查是否开启elasticsearch-head
netstat -ntap |grep 9100

返回node节点，创建索引

[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/index-demo/test/1?pretty&pretty' -H 'content-Type: application/json' -d '{"user":"zhangsan","mesg":"hello world"}'
{
  "_index" : "index-demo",
  "_type" : "test",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "created" : true
}

[root@node2 elasticsearch-head]# curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/index-demo/test/1?pretty&pretty' -H 'content-Type: application/json' -d '{"user":"zhangsan","mesg":"hello world"}'
{
  "_index" : "index-demo",
  "_type" : "test",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 2,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "created" : false
}

浏览器访问http://node-ip:9100/

这里展示了node1的情况，node2情况类似

安装logstash

在web服务器上

logstash-5.5.1.rpm
[root@web opt]# yum -y install logstash-5.5.1.rpm
[root@web opt]# systemctl start logstash
[root@web opt]# systemctl enable logstash
[root@web opt]# systemctl status logstash
[root@web opt]# ln -s /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash /usr/local/bin/

与elasticsearch对接

使用logstash命令

Logstash这个命令测试
参数解释：
-f 指定配置文件
-e 后面跟着字符串 该字符串可以被当做logstash的配置（如果是” ”,则默认使用stdin做为输入、stdout作为输出）
-t 测试配置文件是否正确，然后退出

[root@web opt]# logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { stdout{} }'
...省略部分内容...
# 看到如下提示说明对接成功
21:45:06.584 [Api Webserver] INFO  logstash.agent - Successfully started Logstash API endpoint {:port=>9600}
# 等待输入
www.sina.com
2020-04-05T13:47:34.138Z web www.sina.com
www.aliyun.com
2020-04-05T13:47:49.727Z web www.aliyun.com
# CTRL + c 退出
^C21:47:52.599 [SIGINT handler] WARN  logstash.runner - SIGINT received. Shutting down the agent.
21:47:52.629 [LogStash::Runner] WARN  logstash.agent - stopping pipeline {:id=>"main"}

使用rubydebug显示详细输出

[root@web opt]# logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { stdout{ codec=>rubydebug } }'
...省略部分内容...
21:49:09.775 [Api Webserver] INFO  logstash.agent - Successfully started Logstash API endpoint {:port=>9600}
# 等待输入
www.sina.com
{
    "@timestamp" => 2020-04-05T13:50:11.001Z,
      "@version" => "1",
          "host" => "web",
       "message" => "www.sina.com"
}
# 测试OK，CTRL + c 退出
^C21:50:18.422 [SIGINT handler] WARN  logstash.runner - SIGINT received. Shutting down the agent.
21:50:18.429 [LogStash::Runner] WARN  logstash.agent - stopping pipeline {:id=>"main"}

使用logstash将信息写入elasticsearch中

# 选择node1的IP地址
[root@web opt]# logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { elasticsearch { hosts=>["192.168.218.6:9200"] } }'
...省略部分内容...
21:51:29.580 [Api Webserver] INFO  logstash.agent - Successfully started Logstash API endpoint {:port=>9600}
www.aliyum.com
www.taobao.com
# CTRL + c 退出
^C21:52:05.812 [SIGINT handler] WARN  logstash.runner - SIGINT received. Shutting down the agent.
21:52:05.823 [LogStash::Runner] WARN  logstash.agent - stopping pipeline {:id=>"main"}

到node1上查看索引

在web上做对接配置

[root@web opt]# chmod o+r /var/log/messages
[root@web opt]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/system.conf
# 写入
input {
       file{
        path => "/var/log/messages"
        type => "system"
        start_position => "beginning"
        }
      }
output {
        elasticsearch {
          hosts => ["192.168.218.6:9200"]  # 注意替换IP
          index => "system-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
          }
        }
        
        
[root@web opt]# systemctl restart logstash        

浏览访问node1

安装kibana

在node1上安装

[root@node1 opt]# yum -y install kibana-5.5.1-x86_64.rpm
[root@node1 opt]# cd /etc/kibana/
[root@node1 kibana]# cp kibana.yml kibana.yml.bak
[root@node1 kibana]# vim kibana.yml
# 取消注释或修改
# 监听端口
server.port: 5601
# 监听地址
server.host: "0.0.0.0"
# 对接elasticsearch
elasticsearch.url: "http://node1:9200"
# 添加.kibana索引
kibana.index: ".kibana"
[root@node1 kibana]# systemctl start kibana
[root@node1 kibana]# systemctl enable kibana

对接apache的日志

[root@web opt]# cd /etc/logstash/conf.d/
[root@web conf.d]# ls
system.conf
[root@web conf.d]# vim apache_log.conf
# 注意替换IP地址为node1的IP地址
input {
       file{ 
        path => "/etc/httpd/logs/access_log"
        type => "access"
        start_position => "beginning"
        }
       file{ 
        path => "/etc/httpd/logs/error_log"
        type => "error"
        start_position => "beginning"
        }
       
      }
output {
        if [type] == "access" {
        elasticsearch {
          hosts => ["192.168.218.6:9200"]
          index => "apache_access-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
          }
        }
        if [type] == "error" {
        elasticsearch {
          hosts => ["192.168.218.6:9200"]
          index => "apache_error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
          }
        }
        }
# 指定配置文件，测试        
[root@web conf.d]# logstash -f apache_log.conf     
...省略...
22:23:23.347 [Api Webserver] INFO  logstash.agent - Successfully started Logstash API endpoint {:port=>9601}

访问http://node1-ip:9100，可以看到新索引

访问kibana，创建httpd的访问和错误索引

到此elk搭建完成