RabbitMQ五种工作模式学习总结
一、简介
最近，在看一些消息中间件的内容，之前都没有好好学习一下消息中间件。本文将对RabbitMQ中五种常用的工作模式做一个简单的介绍和总结。RabbitMQ常用的工作模式有：简单队列模式、工作队列模式、发布订阅模式、路由模式、主题模式。本文参照RabbitMQ官网示例总结，详细可以到官网查看：https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html。
二、简单队列模式（Simple Queue）
【a】模型图：只包含一个生产者以及一个消费者，生产者Producer将消息发送到队列中，消费者Consumer从该队列接收消息。（单生产单消费）
![(P) -> [|||] -> (C)](http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/0d955c84d46a48cd8eb2e3f95a35ff0e.png)
上图中，“P”是我们的生产者，“C”是我们的消费者。
【b】获取MQ连接对象工具类
/**
* @Description: 获取RabbitMQ的连接工具类
* @Author: weixiaohuai
* @Date: 2019/6/22
* @Time: 21:29
*/
public class MQConnecitonUtils {
private static final String RABBITMQ_HOST = "127.0.0.1";
private static final Integer RABBITMQ_PORT = 5672;
private static final String RABBITMQ_VHOST = "/vhost";
private static final String RABBITMQ_USERNAME = "wsh";
private static final String RABBITMQ_PASSWORD = "wsh";
public static Connection getConnection() {
//定义MQ连接对象
Connection connection = null;
//创建MQ连接工厂对象
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
// 设置MQ主机名称
connectionFactory.setHost(RABBITMQ_HOST);
// 设置MQ AMQP端口号
connectionFactory.setPort(RABBITMQ_PORT);
// 设置MQ 连接的virtual host
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(RABBITMQ_VHOST);
// 设置MQ 用户名称
connectionFactory.setUsername(RABBITMQ_USERNAME);
// 设置MQ 用户密码
connectionFactory.setPassword(RABBITMQ_PASSWORD);
try {
connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
} catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//返回连接对象
return connection;
}
}
【c】生产者
/**
* @Description: 消息生产者
* @Author: weixiaohuai
* @Date: 2019/6/22
* @Time: 21:37
*/
public class CustomProducer {
private static final String SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME = "MQ_SIMPLE_QUEUE";
private static final String SIMPLE_QUEUE_MESSAGE = "Hello World!";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
//从连接中获取Channel通道对象
Channel channel = null;
try {
//创建通道
channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建Queue队列
channel.queueDeclare(SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//发送消息到队列MQ_SIMPLE_QUEUE
//basicPublish(String exchange, String routingKey, BasicProperties props, byte[] body)
channel.basicPublish("", SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME, null, SIMPLE_QUEUE_MESSAGE.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != channel) {
try {
channel.close();
} catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != connection) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
【d】消费者
/**
* @Description: 消息消费者(新API)
* @Author: weixiaohuai
* @Date: 2019/6/22
* @Time: 21:55
*/
public class NewCustomConsumer {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NewCustomConsumer.class);
private static final String SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME = "MQ_SIMPLE_QUEUE";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接对象
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel;
try {
//创建消息通道对象
channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明queue队列
channel.queueDeclare(SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//创建消费者对象
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//消息消费者获取消息
String message = new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
logger.info("receive message: " + message);
}
};
//监听消息队列
channel.basicConsume(SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
【e】运行结果
三、工作队列模式(Work Queues)
【a】模型图：多个消费者绑定到同一个队列上，一条消息只能被一个消费者进行消费。工作队列有轮训分发和公平分发两种模式。
下面先说说轮训分发（round-robin）方式：
【b】消息生产者：
/**
* @Description: 工作队列 - 消息生产者
* @Author: weixiaohuai
* @Date: 2019/6/23
* @Time: 10:25
*
* 说明：
* 消费者1与消费者2处理的消息是均分的，而且消息是轮训分发的(轮训分发 round-robin)
*/
public class CustomProducer {
private static final String WORK_QUEUE_NAME = "MQ_WORK_QUEUE";
private static final String WORK_QUEUE_MESSAGE = "hello world!! ------> ";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
//从连接中获取Channel通道对象
Channel channel = null;
try {
channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建Queue队列
channel.queueDeclare(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//发送10条消息到工作队列
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder(WORK_QUEUE_MESSAGE).append(i);
//发送消息
channel.basicPublish("", WORK_QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.toString().getBytes());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != channel) {
try {
channel.close();
} catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != connection) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
【c】消息消费者1：模拟延迟操作2秒
public class CustomConsumer01 {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomConsumer01.class);
private static final String WORK_QUEUE_NAME = "MQ_WORK_QUEUE";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接对象
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = null;
try {
//创建消息通道对象
channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明queue队列
channel.queueDeclare(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//创建消费者对象
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//消息消费者获取消息
String message = new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
logger.info("【CustomConsumer01】receive message: " + message);
try {
//模拟延迟
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
//监听消息队列
channel.basicConsume(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
【d】消息消费者2：模拟延迟操作1秒
public class CustomConsumer02 {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomConsumer02.class);
private static final String WORK_QUEUE_NAME = "MQ_WORK_QUEUE";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接对象
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = null;
try {
//创建消息通道对象
channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明queue队列
channel.queueDeclare(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//创建消费者对象
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//消息消费者获取消息
String message = new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
logger.info("【CustomConsumer02】receive message: " + message);
try {
//模拟延迟
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
//监听消息队列
channel.basicConsume(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
【e】运行结果
由上面图可见，消费者1和消费者2处理的消息是均分的(消费的消息条数一样)，而且消息是轮训分发的，也就是说同一个消息只能被一个消费者消费。上面的消费者1和消费者2处理消息的效率不同，但是最后接收到的消息还是一样多，如果需要让工作效率高的消费者消费更多的消息，那么可以使用公平分发，下面介绍一下工作队列的公平分发模式(能者多劳)。
【a】生产者：
/**
* @Description: 工作队列 - 消息生产者 (公平分发方式Fair dispatch)
* @Author: weixiaohuai
* @Date: 2019/6/23
* @Time: 10:25
*
* 说明：
* 1. 生产者、消费者指定：channel.basicQos(1);
* 2. 消费者消费完消息自动发送确认消息：channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
* 3. 消费者必须关闭自动应答：autoAck = false;
* 4. 一般消费者如果处理消息的时间较短(效率较高)，那么它处理的消息会比较多一些;
*/
public class CustomProducer {
private static final String WORK_QUEUE_NAME = "MQ_WORK_QUEUE";
private static final String WORK_QUEUE_MESSAGE = "hello world!! ------> ";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
//从连接中获取Channel通道对象
Channel channel = null;
try {
channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建Queue队列
channel.queueDeclare(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//每个消费者发送确认消息之前，消息队列不发送下一个消息到消费者(同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者),消费者端发送了ack后才会接收下一个消息。
channel.basicQos(1);
//发送10条消息到工作队列
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder(WORK_QUEUE_MESSAGE).append(i);
//发送消息
channel.basicPublish("", WORK_QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.toString().getBytes());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != channel) {
try {
channel.close();
} catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != connection) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
【b】消费者1：
public class CustomConsumer01 {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomConsumer01.class);
private static final String WORK_QUEUE_NAME = "MQ_WORK_QUEUE";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接对象
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
try {
//创建消息通道对象
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明queue队列
channel.queueDeclare(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
channel.basicQos(1);
//创建消费者对象
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//消息消费者获取消息
String message = new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
logger.info("【CustomConsumer01】receive message: " + message);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//消费完一条消息需要自动发送确认消息给MQ
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
};
//使用公平分发必须关闭自动应答(autoAck：true自动返回结果，false手动返回)
boolean autoAck = false;
//监听消息队列
channel.basicConsume(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}【c】消费者2：
public class CustomConsumer02 {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomConsumer02.class);
private static final String WORK_QUEUE_NAME = "MQ_WORK_QUEUE";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接对象
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
try {
//创建消息通道对象
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明queue队列
channel.queueDeclare(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
channel.basicQos(1);
//创建消费者对象
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//消息消费者获取消息
String message = new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
logger.info("【CustomConsumer02】receive message: " + message);
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//消费完一条消息需要自动发送确认消息给MQ
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
};
//使用公平分发必须关闭自动应答
boolean autoAck = false;
//监听消息队列
channel.basicConsume(WORK_QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
【d】运行结果：
由此可见，消费者2的效率相对较高，所以消费者2消费消息比消费者1多一些，这样就可以充分发挥消费者处理消息的能力。
【e】注意点：
- 1. 生产者、消费者指定：channel.basicQos(1);
- 2. 消费者消费完消息自动发送确认消息：channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
- 3. 消费者必须关闭自动应答：autoAck = false;
- 4. 一般消费者如果处理消息的时间较短(效率较高)，那么它处理的消息会比较多一些;
四、发布-订阅模式（Publish/Subscribe）
【a】模型图：生产者将消息发送到交换器，然后交换器绑定到多个队列，监听该队列的所有消费者消费消息。
【b】生产者：
/**
* @Description: 发布-订阅模式
* @Author: weixiaohuai
* @Date: 2019/6/23
* @Time: 15:20
*
* 说明：可实现一条消息被多个消费者消费
*
* a. 一个生产者，多个消费者；
* b. 每一个消费者都有自己的消息队列；
* c. 生产者没有把消息发送到队列，而是发送到交换器exchange上；
* d. 每个队列都需要绑定到交换机上；
* e. 生产者生产的消息先经过交换机然后到达队列，一个消息可以被多个消费者消费；
*/
public class CustomProducer {
private static final String PUBLISH_SUBSCRIBE_EXCHANGE_NAME = "publish_subscribe_exchange_fanout";
//类型：分发
private static final String PUBLISH_SUBSCRIBE_EXCHANGE_TYPE = "fanout";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
//从连接中获取Channel通道对象
Channel channel = null;
try {
channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建交换机对象publish_subscribe_exchange_fanout
channel.exchangeDeclare(PUBLISH_SUBSCRIBE_EXCHANGE_NAME, PUBLISH_SUBSCRIBE_EXCHANGE_TYPE);
//发送消息到交换机exchange上
String msg = "hello world!!!";
channel.basicPublish(PUBLISH_SUBSCRIBE_EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, msg.getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != channel) {
try {
channel.close();
} catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != connection) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
【c】消费者1：
public class CustomConsumer01 {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomConsumer.class);
private static final String PUBLIC_SUBSCRIBE_QUEUE_NAME = "public_subscribe_queue_name01";
private static final String PUBLISH_SUBSCRIBE_EXCHANGE_NAME = "publish_subscribe_exchange_fanout";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接对象
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
try {
//创建消息通道对象
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建队列
channel.queueDeclare(PUBLIC_SUBSCRIBE_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//将队列绑定到交换机上
channel.queueBind(PUBLIC_SUBSCRIBE_QUEUE_NAME, PUBLISH_SUBSCRIBE_EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
channel.basicQos(1);
//创建消费者对象
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//消息消费者获取消息
String message = new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
logger.info("【CustomConsumer01】receive message: " + message);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//消费完一条消息需要自动发送确认消息给MQ
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
};
//使用公平分发必须关闭自动应答
boolean autoAck = false;
//监听消息队列
channel.basicConsume(PUBLIC_SUBSCRIBE_QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
【d】消费者2：
public class CustomConsumer02 {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomConsumer.class);
private static final String PUBLIC_SUBSCRIBE_QUEUE_NAME = "public_subscribe_queue_name02";
private static final String PUBLISH_SUBSCRIBE_EXCHANGE_NAME = "publish_subscribe_exchange_fanout";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接对象
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
try {
//创建消息通道对象
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建队列
channel.queueDeclare(PUBLIC_SUBSCRIBE_QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//将队列绑定到交换机上
channel.queueBind(PUBLIC_SUBSCRIBE_QUEUE_NAME, PUBLISH_SUBSCRIBE_EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
channel.basicQos(1);
//创建消费者对象
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//消息消费者获取消息
String message = new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
logger.info("【CustomConsumer02】receive message: " + message);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//消费完一条消息需要自动发送确认消息给MQ
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
};
//使用公平分发必须关闭自动应答
boolean autoAck = false;
//监听消息队列
channel.basicConsume(PUBLIC_SUBSCRIBE_QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
【e】运行结果
由此可见，一条消息同时被两个消费者同时消费。
【f】交换机绑定信息
【g】注意点：
- a. 一个生产者，多个消费者；
- b. 每一个消费者都有自己的消息队列，分别绑定到不同的队列上；
- c. 生产者没有把消息发送到队列，而是发送到交换器exchange上；
- d. 每个队列都需要绑定到交换机上；
- e. 生产者生产的消息先经过交换机然后到达队列，一个消息可以被多个消费者消费；
- f. 如果消息发送到没有队列绑定的交换器时，消息将会丢失，因为交换器没有存储消息的能力，只有队列才有存储消息的能力；
五、路由模式（Routing）
【a】模型图：生产者将消息发送到direct交换器，它会把消息路由到那些binding key与routing key完全匹配的Queue中，这样就能实现消费者有选择性地去消费消息。
【b】生产者：
/**
* @Description: routing路由模式
* @Author: weixiaohuai
* @Date: 2019/6/23
* @Time: 15:20
*
* 说明：生产者发送消息的时候指定routing key,然后消费者绑定队列的时候也指定一些binding key，只有binding key与routing key一致的消费者才能接收到此消息
*/
public class CustomProducer {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "publish_subscribe_exchange_direct";
//交换机类型：direct
private static final String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "direct";
private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY = "info";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
//从连接中获取Channel通道对象
Channel channel = null;
try {
channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建交换机对象
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);
//发送消息到交换机exchange上
String msg = "hello world!!!";
//指定routing key为info
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY, null, msg.getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != channel) {
try {
channel.close();
} catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != connection) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
【c】消费者1：
public class CustomConsumer01 {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomConsumer01.class);
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "routing_direct_queue_name";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "publish_subscribe_exchange_direct";
//binding key
private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY = "error";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接对象
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
try {
//创建消息通道对象
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//将队列绑定到交换机上,并且指定routing_key
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY);
channel.basicQos(1);
//创建消费者对象
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//消息消费者获取消息
String message = new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
logger.info("【CustomConsumer01】receive message: " + message);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//消费完一条消息需要自动发送确认消息给MQ
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
};
//使用公平分发必须关闭自动应答
boolean autoAck = false;
//监听消息队列
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
【d】消费者2：
public class CustomConsumer02 {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomConsumer02.class);
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "routing_direct_queue_name02";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "publish_subscribe_exchange_direct";
//binding key
private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY01 = "error";
private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY02 = "info";
private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY03 = "warning";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接对象
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
try {
//创建消息通道对象
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//将队列绑定到交换机上,并且指定routing_key
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY01);
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY02);
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY03);
channel.basicQos(1);
//创建消费者对象
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//消息消费者获取消息
String message = new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
logger.info("【CustomConsumer02】receive message: " + message);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//消费完一条消息需要自动发送确认消息给MQ
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
};
//使用公平分发必须关闭自动应答
boolean autoAck = false;
//监听消息队列
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
【e】运行结果：
因为生产者发布消息的时候指定了routing key为info, 消费者绑定队列的时候指定的binding key 为error,显然消费者1接收不到此消息，因为消费者2绑定队列的时候指定了binding key为error、info、warning，所以消费者2能够成功接收该消息进行消费。
【f】交换机绑定信息
六、主题（Topic）模式
【a】模型图：类似于正则表达式匹配的一种模式。主要使用#、*进行匹配。
【b】生产者：
/**
* @Description: topic主题模式
* @Author: weixiaohuai
* @Date: 2019/6/23
* @Time: 15:20
*
*
* 说明：
* #: 代表一个或者多个
* *: 代表一个
*
* 举例：
* 比如发送消息的时候指定了routing key为news.insert,
* 如果消费者指定binding key 为news.* 或者news.#都能接收到该消息;
*
*/
public class CustomProducer {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
//交换机类型：topic 类似正则匹配模式
private static final String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
//指定routing key
private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY = "news.insert";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
//从连接中获取Channel通道对象
Channel channel = null;
try {
channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建交换机对象
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);
//发送消息到交换机exchange上
String msg = "hello world!!!";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY, null, msg.getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != channel) {
try {
channel.close();
} catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != connection) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
【c】消费者1：
public class CustomConsumer01 {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomConsumer01.class);
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_queue_name1";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
//binding key
private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY = "news.insert";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接对象
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
try {
//创建消息通道对象
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//将队列绑定到交换机上,并且指定routing_key
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY);
channel.basicQos(1);
//创建消费者对象
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//消息消费者获取消息
String message = new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
logger.info("【CustomConsumer01】receive message: " + message);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//消费完一条消息需要自动发送确认消息给MQ
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
};
//使用公平分发必须关闭自动应答
boolean autoAck = false;
//监听消息队列
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
【d】消费者2：
public class CustomConsumer02 {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomConsumer02.class);
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_queue_name2";
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
//binding key
private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY = "news.#";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取MQ连接对象
Connection connection = MQConnecitonUtils.getConnection();
try {
//创建消息通道对象
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//将队列绑定到交换机上,并且指定routing_key
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_ROUTE_KEY);
channel.basicQos(1);
//创建消费者对象
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
//消息消费者获取消息
String message = new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
logger.info("【CustomConsumer02】receive message: " + message);
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//消费完一条消息需要自动发送确认消息给MQ
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
};
//使用公平分发必须关闭自动应答
boolean autoAck = false;
//监听消息队列
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
【e】运行结果：
生产者发送消息绑定的routing key 为news.insert；消费者1监听的队列和交换器binding key 为news.insert；消费者2监听的队列和交换器bindingkey为news.#,很显然，两个消费者都将接收到该消息。
【f】交换机绑定信息
