DVWA 实验报告：1、暴力破解

文章更新于：2020-04-14
注1：环境搭建参见：搭建DVWA Web渗透测试靶场
注2：实验报告2参见：DVWA 实验报告：2、命令注入

一、前言

说实话，暴力破解是一种低级，也可以说是低技术含量的破解。
主要思想就是猜解所有可能的值，并逐个尝试。

但如果配合适当的字典，往往可以获得比较高的效率。
所以说，暴力破解字典很重要。

选一个好的字典是成功的一半。

二、安全级别：LOW

2.1、查看源码

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
    // Get username
    $user = $_GET[ 'username' ];

    // Get password
    $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
    $pass = md5( $pass );

    // Check the database
    $query  = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '
' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '
' );

    if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
        // Get users details
        $row    = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
        $avatar = $row["avatar"];

        // Login successful
        echo "
Welcome to the password protected area {$user}
";
        echo "{$avatar}\" />";
    }
    else {
        // Login failed
        echo "

Username and/or password incorrect.
";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

2.2、尝试暴力破解

因为源码中没有对失败次数进行限制，所以我们可以尝试每一个可能的组合。
这里我们使用BurpSuite对其进行暴力破解。

1. 打开浏览器的代理，设置为BurpSuite。

2. 打开BurpSuite，监听代理。

3. 在浏览器进行登录尝试以让BP捕捉。

4. 发送到 Intruder

5. 设置攻击位置

6. 开始攻击

7. 获得密码

8. 这时就可以拿着这个密码到浏览器里面尝试登录了，发现这就是正确的密码。

三、安全级别：Medium

3.1、查看源码

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
    // Sanitise username input
    $user = $_GET[ 'username' ];
    $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

    // Sanitise password input
    $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
    $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $pass = md5( $pass );

    // Check the database
    $query  = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '
' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '
' );

    if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
        // Get users details
        $row    = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
        $avatar = $row["avatar"];

        // Login successful
        echo "
Welcome to the password protected area {$user}
";
        echo "{$avatar}\" />";
    }
    else {
        // Login failed
        sleep( 2 );
        echo "

Username and/or password incorrect.
";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?> 

3.2、攻击思路

可以看到，就防暴力破解方面，源码增加了 sleep(2) 的操作。
这在一定程度上增加了暴力破解的时间，但是没有从根源上制止。
所以，攻击方法不变。

四、安全级别：High

4.1、查看源码

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Sanitise username input
    $user = $_GET[ 'username' ];
    $user = stripslashes( $user );
    $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

    // Sanitise password input
    $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
    $pass = stripslashes( $pass );
    $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $pass = md5( $pass );

    // Check database
    $query  = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '
' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '
' );

    if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
        // Get users details
        $row    = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
        $avatar = $row["avatar"];

        // Login successful
        echo "
Welcome to the password protected area {$user}
";
        echo "{$avatar}\" />";
    }
    else {
        // Login failed
        sleep( rand( 0, 3 ) );
        echo "

Username and/or password incorrect.
";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?> 

4.2、攻击思路

此次源码同时验证了 user_token ，并在错误时随机 sleep(0-3) 。
就验证 user_token 来说这相比上一次的限制更为严格，
但这防不住我们同时构造 token ，然后进行暴力破解。

五、安全级别：Impossible

5.1、查看源码

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Login' ] ) && isset ($_POST['username']) && isset ($_POST['password']) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Sanitise username input
    $user = $_POST[ 'username' ];
    $user = stripslashes( $user );
    $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

    // Sanitise password input
    $pass = $_POST[ 'password' ];
    $pass = stripslashes( $pass );
    $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $pass = md5( $pass );

    // Default values
    $total_failed_login = 3;
    $lockout_time       = 15;
    $account_locked     = false;

    // Check the database (Check user information)
    $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT failed_login, last_login FROM users WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();
    $row = $data->fetch();

    // Check to see if the user has been locked out.
    if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $row[ 'failed_login' ] >= $total_failed_login ) )  {
        // User locked out.  Note, using this method would allow for user enumeration!
        //echo "

This account has been locked due to too many incorrect logins.
";

        // Calculate when the user would be allowed to login again
        $last_login = strtotime( $row[ 'last_login' ] );
        $timeout    = $last_login + ($lockout_time * 60);
        $timenow    = time();

        /*
        print "The last login was: " . date ("h:i:s", $last_login) . "
";
        print "The timenow is: " . date ("h:i:s", $timenow) . "
";
        print "The timeout is: " . date ("h:i:s", $timeout) . "
";
        */

        // Check to see if enough time has passed, if it hasn't locked the account
        if( $timenow < $timeout ) {
            $account_locked = true;
            // print "The account is locked
";
        }
    }

    // Check the database (if username matches the password)
    $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR);
    $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();
    $row = $data->fetch();

    // If its a valid login...
    if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $account_locked == false ) ) {
        // Get users details
        $avatar       = $row[ 'avatar' ];
        $failed_login = $row[ 'failed_login' ];
        $last_login   = $row[ 'last_login' ];

        // Login successful
        echo "
Welcome to the password protected area {$user}
";
        echo "{$avatar}\" />";

        // Had the account been locked out since last login?
        if( $failed_login >= $total_failed_login ) {
            echo "
Warning: Someone might of been brute forcing your account.
";
            echo "
Number of login attempts: {$failed_login}.
Last login attempt was at: ${last_login}.
";
        }

        // Reset bad login count
        $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = "0" WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
        $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->execute();
    } else {
        // Login failed
        sleep( rand( 2, 4 ) );

        // Give the user some feedback
        echo "

Username and/or password incorrect.

Alternative, the account has been locked because of too many failed logins.
If this is the case, please try again in {$lockout_time} minutes.
";

        // Update bad login count
        $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = (failed_login + 1) WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
        $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->execute();
    }

    // Set the last login time
    $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET last_login = now() WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?> 

5.2、攻击思路

暂时没有思路。
错误三次锁定15分钟，这我还暴力破解个锤子！

六、总结

在有输入的地方就一定要谨慎。
不光要验证输入值的合法性，还要对错误输入的次数做限制。

否则一旦被用来暴力匹配，不光消耗服务器资源，如果泄露了用户数据事情就更严重了。

七、Enjoy