课程内容及课件参考:Python语言程序设计 BIT 嵩天
自顶向下 (设计):解决复杂问题的有效方法
printlnfo() #步骤1:打印程序的介绍性信息
getlnputs() #步骤2:获得程序运行参数:proA, proB, n
simNGames() #步骤3:利用球员A和B的能力值,模拟n局比赛
printSummary() #步骤4:输出球员A和B获胜比赛的场次及概率
def main():
printIntro() #欢迎语句
probA, probB, n = getInputs() #获得用户A、B能力值与比赛场次N
winsA, winsB = simNGames(n, probA, probB) #获得A与B的场次
printSummary(winsA, winsB) #返回A与B的结果
(1)printIntro() 用户体验模块
def printIntro():
print("这个程序模拟两个选手A和B的某种竞技比赛")
print("程序运行需要A和B的能力值(以0到1之间的小数表示)")
(2)getInputs() 获得AB与场次模块
def getInputs():
a = eval(input("请输入选手A的能力值(0-1): "))
b = eval(input("请输入选手B的能力值(0-1): "))
n = eval(input("模拟比赛的场次: "))
return a, b, n
(3)simNGames() 模拟n局比赛
def simNGames(n, probA, probB):
winsA, winsB = 0, 0
for i in range(n):
scoreA, scoreB = simOneGame(probA, probB)
if scoreA > scoreB:
winsA += 1
else:
winsB += 1
return winsA, winsB
其中simOneGame() 模拟n次单局比赛=模拟n局比赛
def gameOver(a,b): #判断比赛结束条件
return a==15 or b==15
def simOneGame(probA, probB):
scoreA, scoreB = 0, 0
serving = "A"
while not gameOver(scoreA, scoreB):
if serving == "A":
if random() < probA:
scoreA += 1
else:
serving="B"
else:
if random() < probB:
scoreB += 1
else:
serving="A"
return scoreA, scoreB
#MatchAnalysis.py
from random import random
def printIntro():
print("这个程序模拟两个选手A和B的某种竞技比赛")
print("程序运行需要A和B的能力值(以0到1之间的小数表示)")
def getInputs():
a = eval(input("请输入选手A的能力值(0-1): "))
b = eval(input("请输入选手B的能力值(0-1): "))
n = eval(input("模拟比赛的场次: "))
return a, b, n
def simNGames(n, probA, probB):
winsA, winsB = 0, 0
for i in range(n):
scoreA, scoreB = simOneGame(probA, probB)
if scoreA > scoreB:
winsA += 1
else:
winsB += 1
return winsA, winsB
def gameOver(a,b):
return a==15 or b==15
def simOneGame(probA, probB):
scoreA, scoreB = 0, 0
serving = "A"
while not gameOver(scoreA, scoreB):
if serving == "A":
if random() < probA:
scoreA += 1
else:
serving="B"
else:
if random() < probB:
scoreB += 1
else:
serving="A"
return scoreA, scoreB
def printSummary(winsA, winsB):
n = winsA + winsB
print("竞技分析开始,共模拟{}场比赛".format(n))
print("选手A获胜{}场比赛,占比{:0.1%}".format(winsA, winsA/n))
print("选手B获胜{}场比赛,占比{:0.1%}".format(winsB, winsB/n))
def main():
printIntro()
probA, probB, n = getInputs()
winsA, winsB = simNGames(n, probA, probB)
printSummary(winsA, winsB)
main()
结论:能力值相差不大的运动员,随着比赛场次得不断增加,比赛结果的差距会逐渐拉大。