Kubernetes创建资源对象（六）

Kubernetes支持YAML和JSON格式创建资源对象

1、JSON格式用于接口之间消息的传递

2、YAML格式用于配置和管理

YAML是一种简洁的非标记性语言

语法格式：

  缩进标识层级关系

  不支持制表符缩进，使用空格缩进

  通常开头缩进两个空格

  字符后缩进一个空格，如冒号，逗号等

  “---”表示YAML格式，一个文件的开始

  “#”表示注释

查看具体资源的详细信息

1、创建pod

[root@localhost ~]#  kubectl run nginx --image=nginx:latest --port=80 --replicas=3
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx created

2、查看pod，状态为ContainerCreating

[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-7697996758-j5cwn   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          17s
nginx-7697996758-nw2v4   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          17s
nginx-7697996758-sxkp9   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          17s

3、处于动态监听状态

[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods -w
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-7697996758-j5cwn   1/1     Running   0          39s
nginx-7697996758-nw2v4   1/1     Running   0          39s
nginx-7697996758-sxkp9   1/1     Running   0          39s

4、再查看，状态为Running

[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-7697996758-j5cwn   1/1     Running   0          79s
nginx-7697996758-nw2v4   1/1     Running   0          79s
nginx-7697996758-sxkp9   1/1     Running   0          79s

5、查看镜像资源

[root@localhost ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx-7697996758-j5cwn
Name:               nginx-7697996758-j5cwn
Namespace:          default
Priority:           0
PriorityClassName:  
Node:               192.168.35.102/192.168.35.102
Start Time:         Wed, 12 Feb 2020 00:07:58 +0800
Labels:             pod-template-hash=7697996758
                    run=nginx
Annotations:        
Status:             Running
IP:                 172.17.68.2
Controlled By:      ReplicaSet/nginx-7697996758
Containers:
  nginx:
    Container ID:   docker://a55be62040ad1bc1667d48a5b4adab626af857bcbb3f4985591381cf19b1f3ff
    Image:          nginx:latest
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:ad5552c786f128e389a0263104ae39f3d3c7895579d45ae716f528185b36bc6f
    Port:           80/TCP
    Host Port:      0/TCP
    State:          Running
      Started:      Wed, 12 Feb 2020 00:08:14 +0800
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-r5ql5 (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True 
  Ready             True 
  ContainersReady   True 
  PodScheduled      True 
Volumes:
  default-token-r5ql5:
    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:  default-token-r5ql5

6、查看deployment资源

[root@localhost ~]# kubectl describe deployment/nginx
Name:                   nginx
Namespace:              default
CreationTimestamp:      Wed, 12 Feb 2020 00:07:57 +0800
Labels:                 run=nginx
Annotations:            deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Selector:               run=nginx
Replicas:               3 desired | 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType:           RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds:        0
RollingUpdateStrategy:  25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
  Labels:  run=nginx
  Containers:
   nginx:
    Image:        nginx:latest
    Port:         80/TCP
    Host Port:    0/TCP
    Environment:  
    Mounts:      
  Volumes:        
Conditions:
  Type           Status  Reason
  ----           ------  ------
  Available      True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing    True    NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets:  
NewReplicaSet:   nginx-7697996758 (3/3 replicas created)
Events:
  Type    Reason             Age   From                   Message
  ----    ------             ----  ----                   -------
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  7m1s  deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-7697996758 to 3

用YAML格式创建资源对象

1、首先删除之前所创建的资源

[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get deployment            查看deployment资源
NAME     DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx    3         3         3            3           3d17h
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl delete deployment/nginx                 #删除镜像资源
deployment.extensions "nginx" deleted
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get deployment             再次查看deployment资源，确保删除成功
No resources found.

[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get svc            #查看是否有服务运行，有的话删除
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.0.0.1            443/TCP   7d3h

2、查看版本名称

[root@localhost ~]# kubectl api-versions
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apps/v1
apps/v1beta1
apps/v1beta2
authentication.k8s.io/v1
authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1
authorization.k8s.io/v1
authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
autoscaling/v1
autoscaling/v2beta1
autoscaling/v2beta2
batch/v1
batch/v1beta1
certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1
coordination.k8s.io/v1beta1
events.k8s.io/v1beta1
extensions/v1beta1
networking.k8s.io/v1
policy/v1beta1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
scheduling.k8s.io/v1beta1
storage.k8s.io/v1
storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
v1

3、编写yaml文件进行资源创建

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir demo

[root@localhost ~]# cd demo/

[root@localhost demo]# vim nginx-deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.15.4
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

4、查看 kubectl create命令语法

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl create --help

Usage:

  kubectl create -f FILENAME [options]

 

5、创建nginx资源

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl create -f nginx-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created

6、查看pod资源状态

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get pods
NAME                              READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-7998c   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          14s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-79k65   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          14s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-pvjgd   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          14s
[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get pods -w                #处于动态监听状态
NAME                              READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-7998c   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          29s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-79k65   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          29s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-pvjgd   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          29s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-79k65   1/1     Running             0          36s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-pvjgd   1/1   Running   0     40s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-7998c   1/1   Running   0     51s
^C[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get pods
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-7998c   1/1     Running   0          71s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-79k65   1/1     Running   0          71s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-pvjgd   1/1     Running   0          71s

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get deploy             #查看资源
NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment   3         3         3            3           7m54s

7、编写yaml文件进行资源发布

[root@localhost demo]# vim nginx-service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: nginx

8、发布并查看

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl create -f nginx-service.yaml 
service/nginx-service created
[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get svc
NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes      ClusterIP   10.0.0.1            443/TCP        7d5h
nginx-service   NodePort    10.0.0.134          80:32509/TCP   5s

9、在node节点查看

node1：

[root@localhost ~]# ipvsadm -L -n

TCP  192.168.35.101:32509 rr
  -> 172.17.45.2:80               Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 172.17.45.4:80               Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 172.17.68.2:80               Masq    1      0          0         

node2：

[root@localhost ~]# ipvsadm -L -n

TCP  192.168.35.102:32509 rr
  -> 172.17.45.2:80               Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 172.17.45.4:80               Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 172.17.68.2:80               Masq    1      0          0       

10、在浏览器上可以进行访问

11、自动测试命令的正确性，并不执行创建

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created (dry run)

12、查看生成yaml格式

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o yaml
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    run: nginx-deployment
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginx-deployment
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        run: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx-deployment
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources: {}
status: {}

13、查看生成json格式

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o json
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
{
    "kind": "Deployment",
    "apiVersion": "apps/v1beta1",
    "metadata": {
        "name": "nginx-deployment",
        "creationTimestamp": null,
        "labels": {
            "run": "nginx-deployment"
        }
    },
    "spec": {
        "replicas": 3,
        "selector": {
            "matchLabels": {
                "run": "nginx-deployment"
            }
        },
        "template": {
            "metadata": {
                "creationTimestamp": null,
                "labels": {
                    "run": "nginx-deployment"
                }
            },
            "spec": {
                "containers": [
                    {
                        "name": "nginx-deployment",
                        "image": "nginx",
                        "ports": [
                            {
                                "containerPort": 80
                            }
                        ],
                        "resources": {}
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
        "strategy": {}
    },
    "status": {}
}

14、因为写的语法比较严格，可以把现成的模板重定向保存出来一份，修修改改就可以了。

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o yaml > my-deployment.yaml
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
[root@localhost demo]# ls
my-deployment.yaml  nginx-deployment.yaml  nginx-service.yaml

[root@localhost demo]# vim my-deployment.yaml               #一些不需要的可以删掉

apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null              #删掉
  labels:
    run: nginx-deployment
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginx-deployment
  strategy: {}                #删掉
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null                #删掉
      labels:
        run: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx-deployment
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources: {}               #删掉
status: {}              #删掉

15、将现有的资源生成模板导出

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get deploy
NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment   3         3         3            3           160m
[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get deploy/nginx-deployment --export -o yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
  creationTimestamp: null
  generation: 1
  labels:
    app: nginx
  name: nginx-deployment
  selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/deployments/nginx-deployment
spec:
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
  replicas: 3
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:1.15.4
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          protocol: TCP
        resources: {}
        terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
        terminationMessagePolicy: File
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: {}
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status: {}

15、保存到文件中

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get deploy/nginx-deployment --export -o yaml > my-deploy.yaml
[root@localhost demo]# ls
my-deployment.yaml  my-deploy.yaml  nginx-deployment.yaml  nginx-service.yaml

16、查看字段帮助信息

[root@localhost demo]#  kubectl explain pods.spec.containers