Netty4学习笔记(1)-- ChannelPipeline

Netty4

Netty是一个和MINA类似的Java NIO框架,目前的最新版本是4.0.13,这两个框架的主要作者好像都是同一个韩国人。


Channel

Channel是Netty最核心的接口,一个Channel就是一个联络Socket的通道,通过Channel,你可以对Socket进行各种操作。


ChannelHandler

用Netty编写网络程序的时候,你很少直接操纵Channel,而是通过ChannelHandler来间接操纵Channel。


ChannelPipeline

ChannelPipeline实际上应该叫做ChannelHandlerPipeline,可以把ChannelPipeline看成是一个ChandlerHandler的链表,当需要对Channel进行某种处理的时候,Pipeline负责依次调用每一个Handler进行处理。每个Channel都有一个属于自己的Pipeline,调用Channel#pipeline()方法可以获得Channel的Pipeline,调用Pipeline#channel()方法可以获得Pipeline的Channel。

Netty4学习笔记(1)-- ChannelPipeline_第1张图片

ChannelPipeline的方法有很多,其中一部分是用来管理ChannelHandler的,如下面这些:

ChannelPipeline addFirst(String name, ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelPipeline addLast(String name, ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelPipeline addBefore(String baseName, String name, ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelPipeline addAfter(String baseName, String name, ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelPipeline remove(ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelHandler remove(String name);
ChannelHandler removeFirst();
ChannelHandler removeLast();
ChannelPipeline replace(ChannelHandler oldHandler, String newName, ChannelHandler newHandler);
ChannelHandler replace(String oldName, String newName, ChannelHandler newHandler);
ChannelHandler first();
ChannelHandler last();
ChannelHandler get(String name);

根据上面的方法,能够大概想象的到Pipeline按照什么样的方式组织Handler。

ChannelHandlerContext

ChannelPipeline并不是直接管理ChannelHandler,而是通过ChannelHandlerContext来间接管理,这一点通过ChannelPipeline的默认实现DefaultChannelPipeline可以看出来。

Netty4学习笔记(1)-- ChannelPipeline_第2张图片

调用ChannelHandlerContext#channel()方法可以得到和Context绑定的Channel,调用ChannelHandlerContext#handler()方法可以得到和Context绑定的Handler。


ChannelPipeline和ChannelHandlerContext默认实现

DefaultChannelHandlerContext和DefaultChannelPipeline是ChannelHandlerContext和ChannelPipeline的默认实现,下面是它们的部分代码:

final class DefaultChannelHandlerContext extends DefaultAttributeMap implements ChannelHandlerContext {

    volatile DefaultChannelHandlerContext next;
    volatile DefaultChannelHandlerContext prev;

    private final boolean inbound;
    private final boolean outbound;
    private final AbstractChannel channel;
    private final DefaultChannelPipeline pipeline;
    private final String name;
    private final ChannelHandler handler;
    private boolean removed;

    // ...
}
final class DefaultChannelPipeline implements ChannelPipeline {
    // ...

    final DefaultChannelHandlerContext head;
    final DefaultChannelHandlerContext tail;

    // ...
}

从上面的代码可以看出,在DefaultPipeline内部,DefaultChannelHandlerContext组成了一个双向链表:

Netty4学习笔记(1)-- ChannelPipeline_第3张图片

再来看看DefaultChannelPipeline的构造函数:

    public DefaultChannelPipeline(AbstractChannel channel) {
        if (channel == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("channel");
        }
        this.channel = channel;

        TailHandler tailHandler = new TailHandler();
        tail = new DefaultChannelHandlerContext(this, null, generateName(tailHandler), tailHandler);

        HeadHandler headHandler = new HeadHandler(channel.unsafe());
        head = new DefaultChannelHandlerContext(this, null, generateName(headHandler), headHandler);

        head.next = tail;
        tail.prev = head;
    }

可以看到,DefaultChinnelPipeline内部使用了两个特殊的Handler来表示Handler链的头和尾:

Netty4学习笔记(1)-- ChannelPipeline_第4张图片

ChannelHandler的种类

从上面DefaultChannelHandlerContext代码可以知道,Handler实际上分为两种,Inbound和Outbound,这一点也可以从ChannelHandler接口的子接口得到证明:

public interface ChannelInboundHandler extends ChannelHandler {
  // ...
}

public interface ChannelOutboundHandler extends ChannelHandler {
  // ...
}

事件的传播

为了搞清楚事件如何在Pipeline里传播,让我们从Channel的抽象子类AbstractChannel开始,下面是AbstractChannel#write()方法的实现:

public abstract class AbstractChannel extends DefaultAttributeMap implements Channel {
    // ...
    @Override
    public Channel write(Object msg) {
        return pipeline.write(msg);
    }
    // ...
}

AbstractChannel直接调用了Pipeline的write()方法:

Netty4学习笔记(1)-- ChannelPipeline_第5张图片

再看DefaultChannelPipeline的write()方法实现:

final class DefaultChannelPipeline implements ChannelPipeline {
    // ...
    @Override
    public ChannelFuture write(Object msg) {
        return tail.write(msg);
    }
    // ...
}

因为write是个outbound事件,所以DefaultChannelPipeline直接找到tail部分的context,调用其write()方法:

Netty4学习笔记(1)-- ChannelPipeline_第6张图片

接着看DefaultChannelHandlerContext的write()方法:

final class DefaultChannelHandlerContext extends DefaultAttributeMap implements ChannelHandlerContext {
    // ...
    @Override
    public ChannelFuture write(Object msg) {
        return write(msg, newPromise());
    }

    @Override
    public ChannelFuture write(final Object msg, final ChannelPromise promise) {
        if (msg == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("msg");
        }

        validatePromise(promise, true);

        write(msg, false, promise);

        return promise;
    }

    private void write(Object msg, boolean flush, ChannelPromise promise) {
        DefaultChannelHandlerContext next = findContextOutbound();
        next.invokeWrite(msg, promise);
        if (flush) {
            next.invokeFlush();
        }
    }

    private DefaultChannelHandlerContext findContextOutbound() {
        DefaultChannelHandlerContext ctx = this;
        do {
            ctx = ctx.prev;
        } while (!ctx.outbound);
        return ctx;
    }

    private void invokeWrite(Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) {
        try {
            ((ChannelOutboundHandler) handler).write(this, msg, promise);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            notifyOutboundHandlerException(t, promise);
        }
    }

    // ...
}

context的write()方法沿着context链往前找,直至找到一个outbound类型的context为止,然后调用其invokeWrite()方法:

Netty4学习笔记(1)-- ChannelPipeline_第7张图片

invokeWrite()接着调用handler的write()方法:

Netty4学习笔记(1)-- ChannelPipeline_第8张图片

最后看看ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter的write()方法实现:

public class ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter extends ChannelHandlerAdapter implements ChannelOutboundHandler {
    // ...
    @Override
    public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
        ctx.write(msg, promise);
    }
    // ...
}

默认的实现调用了context的write()方法而不做任何处理,这样write事件就沿着outbound链继续传播:

Netty4学习笔记(1)-- ChannelPipeline_第9张图片

可见,Pipeline的事件传播,是靠Pipeline,Context和Handler共同协作完成的。


参考资料

netty.io

Netty in Action

Intercepting Filter


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