Oracle临时表使用注意事项

此文将给出在使用Oracle临时表的过程中需要注意的事项,并对这些特点进行验证。
①临时表不支持物化视图
②可以在临时表上创建索引
③可以基于临时表创建视图
④临时表结构可被导出,但内容不可以被导出
⑤临时表通常是创建在用户的临时表空间中的,不同用户可以有自己的独立的临时表空间
⑥不同的session不可以互相访问对方的临时表数据
⑦临时表数据将不会上DML(Data Manipulation Language)锁

1.临时表不支持物化视图
1)环境准备
(1)创建基于会话的临时表

sec@ora10g> create global temporary table t_temp_session (x int) on commit preserve rows;

Table created.

sec@ora10g> col TABLE_NAME for a30
sec@ora10g> col TEMPORARY for a10
sec@ora10g> select TABLE_NAME,TEMPORARY from user_tables where table_name = 'T_TEMP_SESSION';

TABLE_NAME                     TEMPORARY
------------------------------ ----------
T_TEMP_SESSION                 Y

(2)初始化两条数据

sec@ora10g> insert into t_temp_session values (1);

1 row created.

sec@ora10g> insert into t_temp_session values (2);

1 row created.

sec@ora10g> commit;

Commit complete.

sec@ora10g> select * from t_temp_session;

         X
----------
         1
         2

(3)在临时表T_TEMP_SESSION上添加主键

sec@ora10g> alter table T_TEMP_SESSION add constraint PK_T_TEMP_SESSION primary key(x);

Table altered.

2)在临时表T_TEMP_SESSION上创建物化视图
(1)创建物化视图日志日志

sec@ora10g> create materialized view log on T_TEMP_SESSION with sequence, rowid (x) including new values;
create materialized view log on T_TEMP_SESSION with sequence, rowid (x) including new values
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-14451: unsupported feature with temporary table

可见,在创建物化视图时便提示,临时表上无法创建物化视图日志。

(2)创建物化视图

sec@ora10g> create materialized view mv_T_TEMP_SESSION build immediate refresh fast on commit enable query rewrite as select * from T_TEMP_SESSION;
create materialized view mv_T_TEMP_SESSION build immediate refresh fast on commit enable query rewrite as select * from T_TEMP_SESSION
                                                                                                                        *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-23413: table "SEC"."T_TEMP_SESSION" does not have a materialized view log

由于物化视图日志没有创建成功,因此显然物化视图亦无法创建。

2.在临时表上创建索引

sec@ora10g> create index i_t_temp_session on t_temp_session (x);

Index created.

临时表上索引创建成功。

3.基于临时表创建视图

sec@ora10g> create view v_t_temp_session as select * from t_temp_session where x<100;

View created.

基于临时表的视图创建成功。

4.临时表结构可被导出,但内容不可以被导出
1)使用exp工具备份临时表

ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ exp sec/sec file=t_temp_session.dmp log=t_temp_session.log tables=t_temp_session

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jun 29 22:06:43 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in WE8ISO8859P1 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table                 T_TEMP_SESSION
Export terminated successfully without warnings.

可见在备份过程中,没有显示有数据被导出。

2)使用imp工具的show选项查看备份介质中的SQL内容

ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ imp sec/sec file=t_temp_session.dmp full=y show=y

Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jun 29 22:06:57 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in WE8ISO8859P1 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing SEC's objects into SEC
. importing SEC's objects into SEC
 "CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE "T_TEMP_SESSION" ("X" NUMBER(*,0)) ON COMMIT "
 "PRESERVE ROWS "
 "CREATE INDEX "I_T_TEMP_SESSION" ON "T_TEMP_SESSION" ("X" ) "
Import terminated successfully without warnings.

这里体现了创建临时表和索引的语句,因此临时表的结构数据是可以被导出的。

3)尝试导入数据

ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ imp sec/sec file=t_temp_session.dmp full=y ignore=y

Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jun 29 22:07:16 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in WE8ISO8859P1 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing SEC's objects into SEC
. importing SEC's objects into SEC
Import terminated successfully without warnings.

依然显示没有记录被导入。

5.查看临时表空间的使用情况
可以通过查询V$SORT_USAGE视图获得相关信息。

sec@ora10g> select username,tablespace,session_num sid,sqladdr,sqlhash,segtype,extents,blocks from v$sort_usage;

USERNAME TABLESPACE     SID SQLADDR     SQLHASH SEGTYPE EXTENTS  BLOCKS
-------- ---------- ------- -------- ---------- ------- ------- -------
SEC      TEMP           370 389AEC58 1029988163 DATA          1     128
SEC      TEMP           370 389AEC58 1029988163 INDEX         1     128

可见SEC用户中创建的临时表以及其上的索引均存放在TEMP临时表空间中。
在创建用户的时候,可以指定用户的默认临时表空间,这样不同用户在创建临时表的时候便可以使用各自的临时表空间,互不干扰。

6.不同的session不可以互相访问对方的临时表数据
1)在第一个session中查看临时表数据

sec@ora10g> select * from t_temp_session;

         X
----------
         1
         2

此数据为初始化环境时候插入的数据。

2)在单独开启一个session,查看临时表数据。

ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ sqlplus sec/sec

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jun 29 22:30:05 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

sec@ora10g> select * from t_temp_session;

no rows selected

说明不同的session拥有各自独立的临时表操作特点,不同的session之间是不能互相访问数据。

7.临时表数据将不会上DML(Data Manipulation Language)锁
1)在新session中查看SEC用户下锁信息

sec@ora10g> col username for a8
sec@ora10g> select
  2       b.username,
  3       a.sid,
  4       b.serial#,
  5       a.type "lock type",
  6       a.id1,
  7       a.id2,
  8       a.lmode
  9  from v$lock a, v$session b
 10  where a.sid=b.sid and b.username = 'SEC'
 11  order by username,a.sid,serial#,a.type;

no rows selected

不存在任何锁信息。

2)向临时表中插入数据,查看锁信息
(1)插入数据

sec@ora10g> insert into t_temp_session values (1);

1 row created.

(2)查看锁信息

sec@ora10g> select
  2       b.username,
  3       a.sid,
  4       b.serial#,
  5       a.type "lock type",
  6       a.id1,
  7       a.id2,
  8       a.lmode
  9  from v$lock a, v$session b
 10  where a.sid=b.sid and b.username = 'SEC'
 11  order by username,a.sid,serial#,a.type;

                               lock                                lock
USERNAME        SID    SERIAL# type           id1         id2      mode
-------- ---------- ---------- ------ ----------- ----------- ---------
SEC             142        425 TO           12125           1         3
SEC             142        425 TX           65554         446         6

此时出现TOTX类型锁。

(3)提交数据后再次查看锁信息

sec@ora10g> commit;

Commit complete.

sec@ora10g> select
  2       b.username,
  3       a.sid,
  4       b.serial#,
  5       a.type "lock type",
  6       a.id1,
  7       a.id2,
  8       a.lmode
  9  from v$lock a, v$session b
 10  where a.sid=b.sid and b.username = 'SEC'
 11  order by username,a.sid,serial#,a.type;

                               lock                                lock
USERNAME        SID    SERIAL# type           id1         id2      mode
-------- ---------- ---------- ------ ----------- ----------- ---------
SEC             142        425 TO           12125           1         3

事务所TX被释放。TO锁保留。

3)测试更新数据场景下锁信息变化
(1)更新临时表数据

sec@ora10g> update t_temp_session set x=100;

1 row updated.

(2)锁信息如下

                               lock                                lock
USERNAME        SID    SERIAL# type           id1         id2      mode
-------- ---------- ---------- ------ ----------- ----------- ---------
SEC             142        425 TO           12125           1         3
SEC             142        425 TX          524317         464         6

(3)提交数据

sec@ora10g> commit;

Commit complete.

(4)锁信息情况

                               lock                                lock
USERNAME        SID    SERIAL# type           id1         id2      mode
-------- ---------- ---------- ------ ----------- ----------- ---------
SEC             142        425 TO           12125           1         3

4)测试删除数据场景下锁信息变化
(1)删除临时表数据

sec@ora10g> delete from t_temp_session;

1 row deleted.

(2)查看锁信息

                               lock                                lock
USERNAME        SID    SERIAL# type           id1         id2      mode
-------- ---------- ---------- ------ ----------- ----------- ---------
SEC             142        425 TO           12125           1         3
SEC             142        425 TX          327713         462         6

(3)提交数据

sec@ora10g> commit;

Commit complete.

(4)锁信息情况

                               lock                                lock
USERNAME        SID    SERIAL# type           id1         id2      mode
-------- ---------- ---------- ------ ----------- ----------- ---------
SEC             142        425 TO           12125           1         3

5)总结
在临时表上的增删改等DML操作都会产生TO锁和TX事务所。TO锁会从插入数据开始一直存在。
但整个过程中都不会产生DMLTM级别锁。

8.小结

本文就临时表使用过程中常见的问题和特点进行了介绍。临时表作为Oracle的数据库对象,如果能够在理解这些特性基础上加以利用将会极大地改善系统性能。

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