轻量级规则引擎easy-rules--参考
我们在写业务代码经常遇到需要一大堆if/else,会导致代码可读性大大降低,有没有一种方法可以避免代码中出现大量的判断语句呢?答案是用规则引擎,但是传统的规则引擎都比较重,比如开源的Drools,不适合在小需求中应用。最近在github上面看到一个傻瓜式的Java规则引擎Easy-Rules,这里结合自己写的demo介绍如何使用这个规则引擎,希望对大家有所帮助。
easy-rules的特点
- 轻量级类库和容易上手
- 基于POJO的开发与注解的编程模型
- 基于MVEL表达式的编程模型(适用于极简单的规则,一般不推荐)
- 支持根据简单的规则创建组合规则
- 方便且适用于java的抽象的业务模型规则
它主要包括几个主要的类或接口:Rule,RulesEngine,RuleListener,Facts还有几个主要的注解:@Action,@Condition,@Fact,@Priority,@Rule
例1:基于POJO开发与注解的编程模型:判断1-50中,被3或者8整除的数
首先maven 引入easy-rules
org.jeasy easy-rules-core 3.3.0 org.jeasy easy-rules-mvel 3.3.0
编写规则POJO:
规则1
@Rule(name = "被3整除", description = "number如果被3整除,打印:number is three") public class ThreeRule { /** * Condition:条件判断注解:如果return true, 执行Action * * @param number * @return */ @Condition public boolean isThree(@Fact("number") int number) { return number % 3 == 0; } /** * Action 执行方法注解 * * @param number */ @Action public void threeAction(@Fact("number") int number) { System.out.println(number + " is three"); } /** * Priority:优先级注解:return 数值越小,优先级越高 * * @return */ @Priority public int getPriority() { return 1; } }
规则2
@Rule(name = "被8整除") public class EightRule { /** * 条件 * * @param number * @return */ @Condition public boolean isEight(@Fact("number") int number) { return number % 8 == 0; } /** * 满足条件的动作 * * @param number */ @Action public void eightAction(@Fact("number") int number) { System.out.println(number + " is eight"); } /** * 条件判断的优先级 * * @return */ @Priority public int getPriority() { return 2; } }
规则3(组合规则-同时执行)
@Rule(name = "被3和8同时整除", description = "这是一个组合规则") public class ThreeEightRuleUnitGroup extends UnitRuleGroup { public ThreeEightRuleUnitGroup(Object... rules) { for (Object rule : rules) { addRule(rule); } } @Override public int getPriority() { return 0; } }
规则4
@Rule(name = "既不被3整除也不被8整除", description = "打印number自己") public class OtherRule { @Condition public boolean isOther(@Fact("number") int number){ return number % 3 != 0 || number % 8 != 0; } @Action public void printSelf(@Fact("number") int number){ System.out.print(number); } @Priority public int getPriority(){ return 3; } }
执行规则
public class ThreeEightRuleLauncher { public static void main(String[] args) { /** * 创建规则执行引擎 * 注意: skipOnFirstAppliedRule意思是,只要匹配到第一条规则就跳过后面规则匹配 */ RulesEngineParameters parameters = new RulesEngineParameters().skipOnFirstAppliedRule(true); RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(parameters); //创建规则 Rules rules = new Rules(); rules.register(new EightRule()); rules.register(new ThreeRule()); rules.register(new ThreeEightRuleUnitGroup(new EightRule(), new ThreeRule())); rules.register(new OtherRule()); Facts facts = new Facts(); for (int i=1 ; i<=50 ; i++){ //规则因素,对应的name,要和规则里面的@Fact 一致 facts.put("number", i); //执行规则 rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts); System.out.println(); } } }
例2:基于MVEL表达式的编程模型
本例演示如何使用MVEL表达式定义规则,MVEL通过Easy-Rules MVEL模块提供。此模块包含使用MVEL定义规则的API。我们将在这里使用这些API,其目标是实现一个简单的商店应用程序,要求如下:禁止儿童购买酒精,成年人的最低法定年龄为18岁。 商店顾客由Person类定义:
@Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class Person { private String name; private boolean adult; private int age; //getter, setter 省略 public Person(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } }
我们定义两个规则:
- 规则1:可以更新Person实例,判断年龄是否大于18岁,并设置成人标志。
- 规则2:判断此人是否为成年人,并拒绝儿童(即非成年人)购买酒精。
显然,规则1的优先级要大于规则2,我们可以设置规则1的Priority为1,规则2的Priority为2,这样保证规则引擎在执行规则的时候,按优先级的顺序执行规则。
规则1的定义
Rule ageRule = new MVELRule() .name("age rule") .description("Check if person's age is > 18 and marks the person as adult") .priority(1) .when("person.age > 18") .then("person.setAdult(true);");
规则2的定义,我们放到alcohol-rule.yml文件中
name: "alcohol rule" description: "children are not allowed to buy alcohol" priority: 2 condition: "person.isAdult() == false" actions: - "System.out.println(\"Shop: Sorry, you are not allowed to buy alcohol\");"
执行规则
public class ShopLauncher { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //创建一个Person实例(Fact) Person tom = new Person("Tom", 19); Facts facts = new Facts(); facts.put("person", tom); //创建规则1 Rule ageRule = new MVELRule() .name("age rule") .description("Check if person's age is > 18 and marks the person as adult") .priority(1) .when("person.age > 18") .then("person.setAdult(true);"); //创建规则2 Rule alcoholRule = new MVELRuleFactory(new YamlRuleDefinitionReader()). createRule(new FileReader(ResourceUtils.getFile("classpath:alcohol-rule.yml"))); Rules rules = new Rules(); rules.register(ageRule); rules.register(alcoholRule); //创建规则执行引擎,并执行规则 RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(); System.out.println("Tom: Hi! can I have some Vodka please?"); rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts); System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(tom)); } }
执行结果如下:
本篇主要介绍easy-rules的使用
深入了解原理,可以查看github源码:https://github.com/j-easy/easy-rules
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