Ubuntu下安装Mariadb

引言:mariadb在mysql被oracle收归旗下之后,开始作为Linux默认的数据库系统,这里主要描述如何来安装mariadb的步骤。

1.  安装指令

sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 0xF1656F24C74CD1D8
执行结果:
 Executing: /tmp/tmp.p9r0OfEIH2/gpg.1.sh --recv-keys
--keyserver
hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80
0xF1656F24C74CD1D8
gpg: requesting key C74CD1D8 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: key C74CD1D8: public key "MariaDB Signing Key " imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,i386,ppc64el] http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial main'
这里选中清华的数据服务
sudo apt update

执行结果如下:

bladestone@bladestone-laptop:~$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease                                         
Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [92.2 kB]                             
Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [94.5 kB]          
Hit:5 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease                          
Get:6 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial InRelease [3,874 B]                                                        
Get:7 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages [5,865 B]                                              
Get:8 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main i386 Packages [5,864 B]                                               
Fetched 202 kB in 7s (26.7 kB/s)                                                                                                                     
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
3 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

>> sudo apt install mariadb-server

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  linux-headers-4.4.0-28 linux-headers-4.4.0-28-generic linux-image-4.4.0-28-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-28-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  galera-3 gawk iproute libjemalloc1 libmariadbclient18 libmysqlclient18 mariadb-client-10.2 mariadb-client-core-10.2 mariadb-common
  mariadb-server-10.2 mariadb-server-core-10.2 socat
Suggested packages:
  gawk-doc mailx mariadb-test tinyca
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  mariadb-client-10.0 mariadb-client-core-10.0 mariadb-server-10.0 mariadb-server-core-10.0
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  galera-3 gawk iproute libjemalloc1 libmariadbclient18 libmysqlclient18 mariadb-client-10.2 mariadb-client-core-10.2 mariadb-server-10.2
  mariadb-server-core-10.2 socat
The following packages will be upgraded:
  mariadb-common mariadb-server
2 upgraded, 11 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 21.8 MB of archives.
After this operation, 48.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 galera-3 amd64 25.3.15-xenial [7,741 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 gawk amd64 1:4.1.3+dfsg-0.1 [398 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 iproute all 1:4.3.0-1ubuntu3 [2,428 B]                                                      
Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 libjemalloc1 amd64 3.6.0-9ubuntu1 [78.9 kB]                                             
Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 socat amd64 1.7.3.1-1 [321 kB]                                                          
Get:6 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 mariadb-server all 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [2,960 B]                        
Get:7 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libmysqlclient18 amd64 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [2,932 B]                    
Get:8 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 mariadb-common all 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [3,234 B]                        
Get:9 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libmariadbclient18 amd64 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [583 kB]                   
Get:10 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 mariadb-client-core-10.2 amd64 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [689 kB]            
Get:11 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 mariadb-client-10.2 amd64 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [1,095 kB]               
Get:12 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 mariadb-server-core-10.2 amd64 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [4,456 kB]   

2. 查看sourcelist.

 >>  sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

# MariaDB 10.2 repository list - created 2016-08-14 12:39 UTC
# http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb [arch=amd64,i386] http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial main

3. 无法连接Mariadb的问题

 安装完成Mariadb之后,基于mysql workbench无法连接mariadb, 提示"Plugin 'unix_socket' is not loaded"的错误细心:

 Ubuntu下安装Mariadb_第1张图片

 什么是unix_socket plugin?

 是一种安全机制,允许使用操作系统的安全机制连接数据库,通过unix_socket组件,通常使用用在Ubuntu 15.04+以上的系统中。

 解决的方法:

  1.  尝试登陆mysql的命令, mysql -u root -p, 如果看到如下错误,则需要进入步骤2,否则直接进入步骤6.

bladestone@bladestone-laptop:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 1524 (HY000): Plugin 'unix_socket' is not loaded
      这个原因是由于当前使用的unix_socket来进行连接,但是缺省的用户也无法进行访问。

     2. 停止服务,使用设置native方式来访问,重置缺省密码

   >> sudo systemctl stop mariadb  # 停止服务

   >> sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &  # 进入安全模式,并设置为后台进程

            >> mysql -u root   # 登陆mysql

            >>  select Host,User,plugin from mysql.user where User='root';  # 查询用户

            >> update mysql.user set plugin='mysql_native_password';  #重置加密模式

   >> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD("newpassword") where User='root';  #重置密码

   >>  flush privileges;  #刷新权限信息

           >>  exit

Ubuntu下安装Mariadb_第2张图片

杀掉进程,重新启动服务

 >> sudo kill -9 $(pgrep mysql)  # 杀掉进程

 >> sudo service mariadb start # 重新启动服务

3. 登陆mysql, 安装unix_soket

  >> mysql -u root -p
  >> install plugin unix_socket soname 'auth_socket';

  Ubuntu下安装Mariadb_第3张图片

  然后就可以正常访问了.

4. 参考资料

  •  https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/#mirror=tuna&distro=Ubuntu&distro_release=xenial--ubuntu_xenial&version=10.2
  •  https://www.linuxbabe.com/mariadb/plugin-unix_socket-is-not-loaded-2

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