python与R画柱形图
python画柱形图：
- 基本图形
向上向下分别生成12个数据，X为 0 到 11 的整数 ，Y是相应的均匀分布的随机数据。 使用的函数是plt.bar，参数为X和Y：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
n = 12
X = np.arange(n)
Y1 = (1 - X / float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)
Y2 = (1 - X / float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)
plt.bar(X, +Y1)
plt.bar(X, -Y2)
plt.xlim(-.5, n)
plt.xticks(())
plt.ylim(-1.25, 1.25)
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()
- 更改颜色和数据
用facecolor设置主体颜色，edgecolor设置边框颜色为白色，
plt.bar(X, +Y1, facecolor='#9999ff', edgecolor='white')
plt.bar(X, -Y2, facecolor='#ff9999', edgecolor='white')
用函数plt.text分别在柱体上方（下方）加上数值，用%.2f保留两位小数，横向居中对齐ha=’center’，纵向底部（顶部）对齐va=’bottom’：
for x, y in zip(X, Y1):
# ha: horizontal alignment
# va: vertical alignment
plt.text(x + 0.4, y + 0.05, '%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='bottom')
for x, y in zip(X, Y2):
# ha: horizontal alignment
# va: vertical alignment
plt.text(x + 0.4, -y - 0.05, '%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='top')
完整代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Tue Dec 19 15:39:49 2017
@author: elenawang
"""
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
n = 12
X = np.arange(n)
Y1 = (1 - X / float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)
Y2 = (1 - X / float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)
plt.bar(X, +Y1, facecolor='#9999ff', edgecolor='white')
plt.bar(X, -Y2, facecolor='#ff9999', edgecolor='white')
for x, y in zip(X, Y1):
# ha: horizontal alignment
# va: vertical alignment
plt.text(x + 0.4, y + 0.05, '%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='bottom')
for x, y in zip(X, Y2):
# ha: horizontal alignment
# va: vertical alignment
plt.text(x + 0.4, -y - 0.05, '%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='top')
plt.xlim(-.5, n)
plt.xticks(())
plt.ylim(-1.25, 1.25)
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()R柱形图
> num=seq(1,10)
> x1=round(runif(10,min=70,max=100))
> x2=round(rnorm(10,mean=80,sd=7))
> data=data.frame(num,x1,x2)
barplot(x2,names.arg = num,col='red')
水平，添加horiz=T
barplot(x2,names.arg = num,col='red',horiz=T)
彩色
barplot(as.matrix(data[,2:3]),beside=T,legend=num,col=heat.colors(5),border='white')
用R画直方图hist()
箱线图boxplot()
不在此赘述