Linux 下 Eureka 服务器的部署

        1. 查看 Linux 相关信息
        版本查看
# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
        位数查看
# getconf LONG_BIT
64
        第 2 - 4 步是 Eureka Server war 包的构建，如果你嫌自己构建麻烦可以去 http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.netflix.eureka/eureka-server 下载一个，比如作者下载的是 eureka-server-1.1.134.war，然后跳过 2 - 4 步直接进入第 5 步。
        2. 安装 git
# yum install git
        查看安装结果
# git --version
git version 1.7.1
# which git
/usr/bin/git
        3. 安装 gradle
        安装 Gradle 要求实现好了 JDK(关于 Linux 上 JDK 的安装参考《 如何在 64 位 linux 机器上安装 jdk1.6？》)。Gradle 自带 Groovy 库，已有安装好的 Groovy 将被 Gradle 忽视。
        然后去官网下载 gradle-1.12-bin.zip(大小 41 MB)到 /root/kdf 目录： http://www.gradle.org/downloads。
# unzip gradle-1.12-bin.zip
# cp -r ~/kdf/gradle-1.12 /usr/local/gradle-1.12
# vi /etc/profile
        在末尾添加以下几行：

export GRADLE_HOME=/usr/local/gradle-1.12
export PATH=$PATH:$GRADLE_HOME/bin

        保存退出，然后执行
# source /etc/profile
        验证环境变量：
# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_60/bin:/usr/local/gradle-1.12/bin
        验证 gradle 是否安装成功：
# gradle -v
------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 1.12
------------------------------------------------------------

Build time:   2014-04-29 09:24:31 UTC
Build number: none
Revision:     a831fa866d46cbee94e61a09af15f9dd95987421

Groovy:       1.8.6
Ant:          Apache Ant(TM) version 1.9.3 compiled on December 23 2013
Ivy:          2.2.0
JVM:          1.7.0_60 (Oracle Corporation 24.60-b09)
OS:           Linux 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 amd64
        输出结果中显示了我们安装的 Gradle 的版本以及本地环境配置信息，证明安装成功。
        4. 构建 Eureka 服务器
        从 github 获取 Eureka 源码：
# git clone https://github.com/Netflix/eureka.git
        在存放源码的路径下执行以下命令以构建 Eureka 服务器：
# cd eureka/
# ./gradlew clean build
        成功后在 ./eureka-server/build/libs/ 目录下找到 war 包。
        5. 安装 tomcat
        安装 Eureka 服务器要求事先安装好了 Tomcat。去 http://tomcat.apache.org/ 下载你想要的版本，比如作者下载的是 apache-tomcat-6.0.41.tar.gz，大小 7 MB。
# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.41.tar.gz
# cp -r apache-tomcat-6.0.41 /usr/local/tomcat
# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
        其他电脑客户端访问 http://serverIP:8080，如果小猫没出来，在服务器执行
# curl http://localhost:8080
        有 Tomcat 管理界面 HTML 文字输出，说明没有开放服务器防火墙 8080 端口，开放该端口或者直接关掉防火墙。
        6. 部署 Eureka server
# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
# cp eureka-server-1.1.134.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/eureka.war
# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
        Tomcat 启动以后，其他电脑客户端访问 http://serverIP:8080/eureka，404。查看 /usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out，发现有警告信息：
2014-07-03 09:47:00,614 WARN  com.netflix.config.util.ConfigurationUtils:165 [main] [loadFromPropertiesFile] Unable to load properties file
org.apache.commons.configuration.ConfigurationException: Unable to load the configuration from the URL file:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/eureka/WEB-INF/classes/eureka-${environment}-${region}.properties
at org.apache.commons.configuration.DefaultFileSystem.getInputStream(DefaultFileSystem.java:84)
at org.apache.commons.configuration.AbstractFileConfiguration.load(AbstractFileConfiguration.java:323)
at org.apache.commons.configuration.AbstractFileConfiguration.load(AbstractFileConfiguration.java:234)
at org.apache.commons.configuration.AbstractFileConfiguration.(AbstractFileConfiguration.java:197)
at org.apache.commons.configuration.PropertiesConfiguration.(PropertiesConfiguration.java:285)
at com.netflix.config.util.OverridingPropertiesConfiguration.(ConfigurationUtils.java:267)
at com.netflix.config.util.ConfigurationUtils.loadFromPropertiesFile(ConfigurationUtils.java:160)
at com.netflix.config.util.ConfigurationUtils.getConfigFromPropertiesFile(ConfigurationUtils.java:196)
at com.netflix.config.util.ConfigurationUtils.getPropertiesFromFile(ConfigurationUtils.java:214)
at com.netflix.config.ConfigurationManager.getPropertiesFromFile(ConfigurationManager.java:431)
at com.netflix.config.ConfigurationManager.loadCascadedProperties(ConfigurationManager.java:288)
at com.netflix.config.ConfigurationManager.loadCascadedPropertiesFromResources(ConfigurationManager.java:268)
at com.netflix.eureka.DefaultEurekaServerConfig.init(DefaultEurekaServerConfig.java:93)
at com.netflix.eureka.DefaultEurekaServerConfig.(DefaultEurekaServerConfig.java:75)
at com.netflix.eureka.EurekaBootStrap.initEurekaEnvironment(EurekaBootStrap.java:130)
at com.netflix.eureka.EurekaBootStrap.contextInitialized(EurekaBootStrap.java:88)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4210)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4709)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:799)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:779)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:583)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:943)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWARs(HostConfig.java:778)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:504)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1317)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:324)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:142)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1065)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:822)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1057)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:463)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:525)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:754)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:595)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/eureka/WEB-INF/classes/eureka-${environment}-${region}.properties (No such file or directory)
at java.io.FileInputStream.open(Native Method)
at java.io.FileInputStream.(FileInputStream.java:146)
at java.io.FileInputStream.(FileInputStream.java:101)
at sun.net.www.protocol.file.FileURLConnection.connect(FileURLConnection.java:90)
at sun.net.www.protocol.file.FileURLConnection.getInputStream(FileURLConnection.java:188)
at java.net.URL.openStream(URL.java:1037)
at org.apache.commons.configuration.DefaultFileSystem.getInputStream(DefaultFileSystem.java:80)
... 39 more
        这是找不到 eureka-${environment}-${region}.properties 配置文件
# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
# vi /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/eureka/WEB-INF/classes/eureka-server.properties
        将最后一行 
@next=eureka-${environment}-${region}.properties
        去掉。
        此外，/usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out 在上述警告后边还有以下错误：
2014-07-03 09:47:01,920 ERROR com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient:1015 [main] [makeRemoteCall] Can't get a response from http://localhost/eureka/v2/apps/
Can't contact any eureka nodes - possibly a security group issue?
com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientHandlerException: org.apache.http.conn.HttpHostConnectException: Connection to http://localhost refused
at com.sun.jersey.client.apache4.ApacheHttpClient4Handler.handle(ApacheHttpClient4Handler.java:184)
at com.sun.jersey.api.client.filter.GZIPContentEncodingFilter.handle(GZIPContentEncodingFilter.java:120)
at com.sun.jersey.api.client.Client.handle(Client.java:648)
at com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource.handle(WebResource.java:670)
at com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource.access$200(WebResource.java:74)
at com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource$Builder.get(WebResource.java:503)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.getUrl(DiscoveryClient.java:1389)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.makeRemoteCall(DiscoveryClient.java:960)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.makeRemoteCall(DiscoveryClient.java:909)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.getAndStoreFullRegistry(DiscoveryClient.java:757)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.fetchRegistry(DiscoveryClient.java:653)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.(DiscoveryClient.java:237)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.(DiscoveryClient.java:169)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryManager.initComponent(DiscoveryManager.java:84)
at com.netflix.eureka.EurekaBootStrap.initEurekaEnvironment(EurekaBootStrap.java:159)
at com.netflix.eureka.EurekaBootStrap.contextInitialized(EurekaBootStrap.java:88)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4210)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4709)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:799)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:779)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:583)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:943)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWARs(HostConfig.java:778)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:504)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1317)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:324)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:142)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1065)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:822)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1057)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:463)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:525)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:754)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:595)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
Caused by: org.apache.http.conn.HttpHostConnectException: Connection to http://localhost refused
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultClientConnectionOperator.openConnection(DefaultClientConnectionOperator.java:190)
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.AbstractPoolEntry.open(AbstractPoolEntry.java:151)
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.AbstractPooledConnAdapter.open(AbstractPooledConnAdapter.java:125)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultRequestDirector.tryConnect(DefaultRequestDirector.java:640)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultRequestDirector.execute(DefaultRequestDirector.java:479)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.execute(AbstractHttpClient.java:906)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.execute(AbstractHttpClient.java:827)
at com.sun.jersey.client.apache4.ApacheHttpClient4Handler.handle(ApacheHttpClient4Handler.java:170)
... 39 more
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:339)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:200)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:182)
at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579)
at org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory.connectSocket(PlainSocketFactory.java:127)
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultClientConnectionOperator.openConnection(DefaultClientConnectionOperator.java:180)
... 46 more
        这是 Tomcat 默认端口是 8080，而 Eureka 默认为 80。本文示例暂时用 8080，所以
# vi /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/eureka/WEB-INF/classes/eureka-client.properties
        将 eureka.port=80 改为 eureka.port=8080。
# vi /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/eureka/WEB-INF/classes/eureka-client-test.properties
        将
eureka.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost/eureka/v2/
eureka.serviceUrl.default.defaultZone=http://localhost/eureka/v2/
        改为
eureka.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8080/eureka/v2/
eureka.serviceUrl.default.defaultZone=http://localhost:8080/eureka/v2/
        重启 Tomcat
# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
# tail -f /usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out
        或者直接查看 catalina.out，发现有以下错误：
2014-07-03 14:33:05,484 ERROR com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient:1015 [main] [makeRemoteCall] Can't get a response from http://localhost:8080/eureka/v2/apps/
Can't contact any eureka nodes - possibly a security group issue?
com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientHandlerException: java.net.SocketTimeoutException: Read timed out
at com.sun.jersey.client.apache4.ApacheHttpClient4Handler.handle(ApacheHttpClient4Handler.java:184)
at com.sun.jersey.api.client.filter.GZIPContentEncodingFilter.handle(GZIPContentEncodingFilter.java:120)
at com.sun.jersey.api.client.Client.handle(Client.java:648)
at com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource.handle(WebResource.java:670)
at com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource.access$200(WebResource.java:74)
at com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource$Builder.get(WebResource.java:503)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.getUrl(DiscoveryClient.java:1389)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.makeRemoteCall(DiscoveryClient.java:960)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.makeRemoteCall(DiscoveryClient.java:909)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.getAndStoreFullRegistry(DiscoveryClient.java:757)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.fetchRegistry(DiscoveryClient.java:653)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.(DiscoveryClient.java:237)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.(DiscoveryClient.java:169)
at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryManager.initComponent(DiscoveryManager.java:84)
at com.netflix.eureka.EurekaBootStrap.initEurekaEnvironment(EurekaBootStrap.java:159)
at com.netflix.eureka.EurekaBootStrap.contextInitialized(EurekaBootStrap.java:88)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4210)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4709)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:799)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:779)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:583)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1079)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:1002)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:506)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1317)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:324)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:142)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1065)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:822)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1057)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:463)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:525)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:754)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:595)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
Caused by: java.net.SocketTimeoutException: Read timed out
at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:152)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:122)
at org.apache.http.impl.io.AbstractSessionInputBuffer.fillBuffer(AbstractSessionInputBuffer.java:166)
at org.apache.http.impl.io.SocketInputBuffer.fillBuffer(SocketInputBuffer.java:90)
at org.apache.http.impl.io.AbstractSessionInputBuffer.readLine(AbstractSessionInputBuffer.java:281)
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultHttpResponseParser.parseHead(DefaultHttpResponseParser.java:92)
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultHttpResponseParser.parseHead(DefaultHttpResponseParser.java:62)
at org.apache.http.impl.io.AbstractMessageParser.parse(AbstractMessageParser.java:254)
at org.apache.http.impl.AbstractHttpClientConnection.receiveResponseHeader(AbstractHttpClientConnection.java:289)
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultClientConnection.receiveResponseHeader(DefaultClientConnection.java:252)
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.AbstractClientConnAdapter.receiveResponseHeader(AbstractClientConnAdapter.java:219)
at org.apache.http.protocol.HttpRequestExecutor.doReceiveResponse(HttpRequestExecutor.java:300)
at org.apache.http.protocol.HttpRequestExecutor.execute(HttpRequestExecutor.java:127)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultRequestDirector.tryExecute(DefaultRequestDirector.java:712)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultRequestDirector.execute(DefaultRequestDirector.java:517)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.execute(AbstractHttpClient.java:906)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.execute(AbstractHttpClient.java:827)
at com.sun.jersey.client.apache4.ApacheHttpClient4Handler.handle(ApacheHttpClient4Handler.java:170)
... 39 more
        这个正常的，启动的时候会去找其他的 server，找不到，过一会就自己启动了(这时候我们去访问 http://serverIP:8080 应该看不到那只小猫)。
        等待五分钟左右，访问 http://serverIP:8080，可以看到小猫页面。访问 http://serverIP:8080/eureka/，看到以下界面：

        说明 Eureka Server 部署成功。
        参考资料

• https://github.com/Netflix/eureka/wiki/Building-Eureka-Client-and-Server
• https://github.com/Netflix/eureka/wiki/Configuring-Eureka
• http://git-scm.com/download/linux
• http://www.gradle.org/installation
• http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2012/08/how-to-install-gradle.html
• http://wiki.openkm.com/index.php/Configure_Tomcat_service_linux