python3中使用builtwith的方法(很详细)

1. 首先通过pip install builtwith安装builtwith

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  1. C:\Users\Administrator>pip install builtwith  
  2. Collecting builtwith  
  3.   Downloading builtwith-1.3.2.tar.gz  
  4. Installing collected packages: builtwith  
  5.   Running setup.py install for builtwith ... done  
  6. Successfully installed builtwith-1.3.2  
C:\Users\Administrator>pip install builtwith
Collecting builtwith
  Downloading builtwith-1.3.2.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: builtwith
  Running setup.py install for builtwith ... done
Successfully installed builtwith-1.3.2

2. 在pycharm中新建工程并输入下面测试代码
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  1. import builtwith  
  2. tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com')  
  3. print(tech_used)  
import builtwith
tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com')
print(tech_used)

运行会得到下面的错误:
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  1. C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy  
  2. Traceback (most recent call last):  
  3.   File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 1, in   
  4.     import builtwith  
  5.   File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 43  
  6.     except Exception, e:  
  7.                     ^  
  8. SyntaxError: invalid syntax  
  9.   
  10.   
  11. Process finished with exit code 1  
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 1, in 
    import builtwith
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 43
    except Exception, e:
                    ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax


Process finished with exit code 1

原因是builtwith是基于2.x版本的,需要修改几个地方,在pycharm出错信息中双击出错文件,进行修改,主要修改下面三种:
1. Python2中的 “Exception ,e”的写法已经不支持,需要修改为“Exception as e”。
2. Python2中print后的表达式在Python3中都需要用括号括起来。
3. builtwith中使用的是Python2中的urllib2工具包,这个工具包在Python3中是不存在的,需要修改urllib2相关的代码。
1和2容易修改,下面主要针对第3点进行修改:
首先将import urllib2替换为下面的代码:
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  1. import urllib.request  
  2. import urllib.error  
import urllib.request
import urllib.error
然后将urllib2的相关方法替换如下:
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  1. request = urllib.request.Request(url, None, {'User-Agent': user_agent})  
  2. response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)  
request = urllib.request.Request(url, None, {'User-Agent': user_agent})
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)

再次运行项目,遇到下面错误:

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  1. C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy  
  2. Traceback (most recent call last):  
  3.   File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 3, in   
  4.     builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com')  
  5.   File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 62, in builtwith  
  6.     if contains(html, snippet):  
  7.   File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 105, in contains  
  8.     return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v)  
  9. TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object  
  10.   
  11.   
  12. Process finished with exit code 1  
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 3, in 
    builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com')
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 62, in builtwith
    if contains(html, snippet):
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 105, in contains
    return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v)
TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object


Process finished with exit code 1

  
这是因为urllib返回的数据格式已经发生了改变,需要进行转码,将下面的代码:
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  1. if html is None:  
  2.     html = response.read()  
if html is None:
    html = response.read()
修改为
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  1. if html is None:  
  2.      html = response.read()  
  3.      html = html.decode('utf-8')  
if html is None:
     html = response.read()
     html = html.decode('utf-8')

再次运行得到最终结果如下:
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  1. C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy  
  2. {'javascript-frameworks': ['jQuery']}  
  3.   
  4.   
  5. Process finished with exit code 0  
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
{'javascript-frameworks': ['jQuery']}


Process finished with exit code 0

但是如果把网站换成 'www.163.com',运行再次报错如下:
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  1. C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy  
  2. Error: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xcd in position 500: invalid continuation byte  
  3. Traceback (most recent call last):  
  4.   File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 2, in   
  5.     tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.163.com')  
  6.   File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 63, in builtwith  
  7.     if contains(html, snippet):  
  8.   File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 106, in contains  
  9.     return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v)  
  10. TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object  
  11.   
  12.   
  13.   
  14. Process finished with exit code 1  
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
Error: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xcd in position 500: invalid continuation byte
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 2, in 
    tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.163.com')
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 63, in builtwith
    if contains(html, snippet):
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 106, in contains
    return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v)
TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object



Process finished with exit code 1

似乎还是编码的问题,将编码设置成 ‘GBK’,运行成功如下:
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  1. C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy  
  2. {'web-servers': ['Nginx']}  
  3.   
  4.   
  5. Process finished with exit code 0  
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
{'web-servers': ['Nginx']}


Process finished with exit code 0

所以不同的网站需要用不同的解码方式么?下面介绍一种判别网站编码格式的方法。
我们需要安装一个叫chardet的工具包,如下:
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  1. C:\Users\Administrator>pip install chardet  
  2. Collecting chardet  
  3.   Downloading chardet-2.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (180kB)  
  4.     100% |████████████████████████████████| 184kB 616kB/s  
  5. Installing collected packages: chardet  
  6. Successfully installed chardet-2.3.0  
  7.   
  8.   
  9. C:\Users\Administrator>  
C:\Users\Administrator>pip install chardet
Collecting chardet
  Downloading chardet-2.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (180kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 184kB 616kB/s
Installing collected packages: chardet
Successfully installed chardet-2.3.0


C:\Users\Administrator>

将byte数据传入chardet的detect方法后会得到一个Dict,里面有两个值,一个是置信值,一个是编码方式
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  1. {'encoding': 'utf-8', 'confidence': 0.99}  
{'encoding': 'utf-8', 'confidence': 0.99}

将builtwith对应的代码做下面修改:
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  1. encode_type = chardet.detect(html)  
  2.   if encode_type['encoding'] == 'utf-8':  
  3.     html = html.decode('utf-8')  
  4.   else:  
  5.     html = html.decode('gbk')  
encode_type = chardet.detect(html)
  if encode_type['encoding'] == 'utf-8':
    html = html.decode('utf-8')
  else:
    html = html.decode('gbk')

记得 import chardet!!!!
加入chardet判断字符编码的方式后,就能适配网站了~~~~

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