1. 首先通过pip install builtwith安装builtwith
- C:\Users\Administrator>pip install builtwith
- Collecting builtwith
- Downloading builtwith-1.3.2.tar.gz
- Installing collected packages: builtwith
- Running setup.py install for builtwith ... done
- Successfully installed builtwith-1.3.2
C:\Users\Administrator>pip install builtwith
Collecting builtwith
Downloading builtwith-1.3.2.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: builtwith
Running setup.py install for builtwith ... done
Successfully installed builtwith-1.3.2
2. 在pycharm中新建工程并输入下面测试代码
- import builtwith
- tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com')
- print(tech_used)
import builtwith
tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com')
print(tech_used)
运行会得到下面的错误:
- C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
- Traceback (most recent call last):
- File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 1, in
- import builtwith
- File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 43
- except Exception, e:
- ^
- SyntaxError: invalid syntax
-
-
- Process finished with exit code 1
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 1, in
import builtwith
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 43
except Exception, e:
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Process finished with exit code 1
原因是builtwith是基于2.x版本的,需要修改几个地方,在pycharm出错信息中双击出错文件,进行修改,主要修改下面三种:
1. Python2中的 “Exception ,e”的写法已经不支持,需要修改为“Exception as e”。
2. Python2中print后的表达式在Python3中都需要用括号括起来。
3. builtwith中使用的是Python2中的urllib2工具包,这个工具包在Python3中是不存在的,需要修改urllib2相关的代码。
1和2容易修改,下面主要针对第3点进行修改:
首先将import urllib2替换为下面的代码:
- import urllib.request
- import urllib.error
import urllib.request
import urllib.error
然后将urllib2的相关方法替换如下:
- request = urllib.request.Request(url, None, {'User-Agent': user_agent})
- response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
request = urllib.request.Request(url, None, {'User-Agent': user_agent})
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
再次运行项目,遇到下面错误:
- C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
- Traceback (most recent call last):
- File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 3, in
- builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com')
- File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 62, in builtwith
- if contains(html, snippet):
- File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 105, in contains
- return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v)
- TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object
-
-
- Process finished with exit code 1
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 3, in
builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com')
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 62, in builtwith
if contains(html, snippet):
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 105, in contains
return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v)
TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object
Process finished with exit code 1
这是因为urllib返回的数据格式已经发生了改变,需要进行转码,将下面的代码:
- if html is None:
- html = response.read()
if html is None:
html = response.read()
修改为
- if html is None:
- html = response.read()
- html = html.decode('utf-8')
if html is None:
html = response.read()
html = html.decode('utf-8')
再次运行得到最终结果如下:
- C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
- {'javascript-frameworks': ['jQuery']}
-
-
- Process finished with exit code 0
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
{'javascript-frameworks': ['jQuery']}
Process finished with exit code 0
但是如果把网站换成 'www.163.com',运行再次报错如下:
- C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
- Error: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xcd in position 500: invalid continuation byte
- Traceback (most recent call last):
- File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 2, in
- tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.163.com')
- File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 63, in builtwith
- if contains(html, snippet):
- File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 106, in contains
- return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v)
- TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object
-
-
-
- Process finished with exit code 1
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
Error: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xcd in position 500: invalid continuation byte
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 2, in
tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.163.com')
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 63, in builtwith
if contains(html, snippet):
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 106, in contains
return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v)
TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object
Process finished with exit code 1
似乎还是编码的问题,将编码设置成 ‘GBK’,运行成功如下:
- C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
- {'web-servers': ['Nginx']}
-
-
- Process finished with exit code 0
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
{'web-servers': ['Nginx']}
Process finished with exit code 0
所以不同的网站需要用不同的解码方式么?下面介绍一种判别网站编码格式的方法。
我们需要安装一个叫chardet的工具包,如下:
- C:\Users\Administrator>pip install chardet
- Collecting chardet
- Downloading chardet-2.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (180kB)
- 100% |████████████████████████████████| 184kB 616kB/s
- Installing collected packages: chardet
- Successfully installed chardet-2.3.0
-
-
- C:\Users\Administrator>
C:\Users\Administrator>pip install chardet
Collecting chardet
Downloading chardet-2.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (180kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 184kB 616kB/s
Installing collected packages: chardet
Successfully installed chardet-2.3.0
C:\Users\Administrator>
将byte数据传入chardet的detect方法后会得到一个Dict,里面有两个值,一个是置信值,一个是编码方式
- {'encoding': 'utf-8', 'confidence': 0.99}
{'encoding': 'utf-8', 'confidence': 0.99}
将builtwith对应的代码做下面修改:
- encode_type = chardet.detect(html)
- if encode_type['encoding'] == 'utf-8':
- html = html.decode('utf-8')
- else:
- html = html.decode('gbk')
encode_type = chardet.detect(html)
if encode_type['encoding'] == 'utf-8':
html = html.decode('utf-8')
else:
html = html.decode('gbk')
记得 import chardet!!!!
加入chardet判断字符编码的方式后,就能适配网站了~~~~