Linux应用程序Makefile模版

本文在 http://sourceforge.net/projects/gcmakefile/ 的成果上改进得来。

主要修改如下：

1.去掉了说明部分，使得模版更简洁； 模版本身已经具备自说明特性。

2.去掉自动生成目标名称部分； 目标名称必须指定。

3.%.d文件替换为.%.d文件, 即隐藏了依赖文件, 使得源代码目录编译后看起来更简洁.

4.如果不指定源代码目录(SRCDIRS),  则自动搜索当前目录下的所有子目录, 而不仅仅只是当前目录.

这个模版最大特点就是可以适应各种不同的应用, 基本上拿来就可以用, 改动很少; 而且自适应增删源文件, 自适应多级目录结构, 自动检查头文件依赖.

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#
# Generic Makefile for C/C++ Program
#
# License: GPL (General Public License)
# Author:  whyglinux
# Date:    2006/03/04 (version 0.1)
#          2007/03/24 (version 0.2)
#          2007/04/09 (version 0.3)
#          2007/06/26 (version 0.4)
#          2008/04/05 (version 0.5)
#
# Author: kevin1078
# Date:    2012/04/24 (version 0.6)
#===========================================================================

## Customizable Section: adapt those variables to suit your program.
##==========================================================================

# The extra pre-processor and compiler options.
EXTRA_CFLAGS =

# The extra linker options.
EXTRA_LDFLAGS   =

# Specify the include dirs
INCLUDE   = -I./inc

# The pre-processor options used by the cpp (man cpp for more).
CPPFLAGS  = -Wall $(INCLUDE)

# The options used in linking as well as in any direct use of ld.
LDFLAGS   =

# The directories in which source files reside.
# If not specified, all subdirectories of the current directory will be serached.
SRCDIRS   :=

# The executable file name. Must be specified.
PROGRAM   = test

## Implicit Section: change the following only when necessary.
##==========================================================================

# The source file types (headers excluded).
# .c indicates C source files, and others C++ ones.
SRCEXTS = .c .C .cc .cpp .CPP .c++ .cxx .cp

# The header file types.
HDREXTS = .h .H .hh .hpp .HPP .h++ .hxx .hp

# The pre-processor and compiler options.
# Users can override those variables from the command line.
CFLAGS  = -g -O2
CXXFLAGS= -g -O2

# The C program compiler.
CC     = gcc

# The C++ program compiler.
CXX    = g++

# Un-comment the following line to compile C programs as C++ ones.
#CC     = $(CXX)

# The command used to delete file.
RM     = rm -f

ETAGS = etags
ETAGSFLAGS =

CTAGS = ctags
CTAGSFLAGS =

## Stable Section: usually no need to be changed. But you can add more.
##==========================================================================
ifeq ($(SRCDIRS),)
  SRCDIRS := $(shell find $(SRCDIRS) -type d)
endif
SOURCES = $(foreach d,$(SRCDIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(SRCEXTS))))
HEADERS = $(foreach d,$(SRCDIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(HDREXTS))))
SRC_CXX = $(filter-out %.c,$(SOURCES))
OBJS    = $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))
#DEPS    = $(OBJS:%.o=%.d) #replace %.d with .%.d (hide dependency files)
DEPS    = $(foreach f, $(OBJS), $(addprefix $(dir $(f))., $(patsubst %.o, %.d, $(notdir $(f)))))



## Define some useful variables.
DEP_OPT = $(shell if `$(CC) --version | grep -i "GCC" >/dev/null`; then \
                  echo "-MM"; else echo "-M"; fi )
DEPEND.d      = $(CC)  $(DEP_OPT)  $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)
COMPILE.c   = $(CC)  $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)   $(CPPFLAGS) -c
COMPILE.cxx = $(CXX) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c
LINK.c      = $(CC)  $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)   $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
LINK.cxx    = $(CXX) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)

.PHONY: all objs tags ctags clean distclean help show

# Delete the default suffixes
.SUFFIXES:

all: $(PROGRAM)


# Rules for creating dependency files (.d).
#------------------------------------------

.%.d:%.c
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

.%.d:%.C
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

.%.d:%.cc
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

.%.d:%.cpp
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

.%.d:%.CPP
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

.%.d:%.c++
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

.%.d:%.cp
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

.%.d:%.cxx
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

# Rules for generating object files (.o).
#----------------------------------------
objs:$(OBJS)

%.o:%.c
    $(COMPILE.c) $< -o $@

%.o:%.C
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

%.o:%.cc
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

%.o:%.cpp
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

%.o:%.CPP
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

%.o:%.c++
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

%.o:%.cp
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

%.o:%.cxx
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

# Rules for generating the tags.
#-------------------------------------
tags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
    $(ETAGS) $(ETAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

ctags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
    $(CTAGS) $(CTAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

# Rules for generating the executable.
#-------------------------------------
$(PROGRAM):$(OBJS)
ifeq ($(SRC_CXX),)              # C program
    $(LINK.c)   $(OBJS) $(EXTRA_LDFLAGS) -o $@
    @echo Type ./$@ to execute the program.
else                            # C++ program
    $(LINK.cxx) $(OBJS) $(EXTRA_LDFLAGS) -o $@
    @echo Type ./$@ to execute the program.
endif

ifndef NODEP
ifneq ($(DEPS),)
  sinclude $(DEPS)
endif
endif

clean:
    $(RM) $(OBJS) $(PROGRAM) $(PROGRAM).exe

distclean: clean
    $(RM) $(DEPS) TAGS

# Show help.
help:
    @echo 'Generic Makefile for C/C++ Programs (gcmakefile) version 0.5'
    @echo 'Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 whyglinux '
    @echo
    @echo 'Usage: make [TARGET]'
    @echo 'TARGETS:'
    @echo '  all       (=make) compile and link.'
    @echo '  NODEP=yes make without generating dependencies.'
    @echo '  objs      compile only (no linking).'
    @echo '  tags      create tags for Emacs editor.'
    @echo '  ctags     create ctags for VI editor.'
    @echo '  clean     clean objects and the executable file.'
    @echo '  distclean clean objects, the executable and dependencies.'
    @echo '  show      show variables (for debug use only).'
    @echo '  help      print this message.'
    @echo
    @echo 'Report bugs to .'

# Show variables (for debug use only.)
show:
    @echo 'PROGRAM     :' $(PROGRAM)
    @echo 'SRCDIRS     :' $(SRCDIRS)
    @echo 'HEADERS     :' $(HEADERS)
    @echo 'SOURCES     :' $(SOURCES)
    @echo 'SRC_CXX     :' $(SRC_CXX)
    @echo 'OBJS        :' $(OBJS)
    @echo 'DEPS        :' $(DEPS)
    @echo 'DEPEND      :' $(DEPEND)
    @echo 'DEPEND.d    :' $(DEPEND.d)
    @echo 'COMPILE.c   :' $(COMPILE.c)
    @echo 'COMPILE.cxx :' $(COMPILE.cxx)
    @echo 'link.c      :' $(LINK.c)
    @echo 'link.cxx    :' $(LINK.cxx)

## End of the Makefile ##  Suggestions are welcome  ## All rights reserved ##
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