http接口自动化测试框架实现



一、测试需求描述

对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。

输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值

输出：XML文件

eg：http://www.***.com/shoes_product/test/nike_list.jsp?listid=1

二、实现方法

1、选用Python脚本来驱动测试

2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类即可。

3、调用http接口采用Python封装好的API即可

4、测试需要的http组装字符转处理即可

5、设置2个检查点，XML文件中的返回值字段（通过解析XML得到）；XML文件的正确性（文件对比）

6、首次执行测试采用半自动化的方式，即人工检查输出的XML文件是否正确，一旦正确将封存XML文件，为后续回归测试的预期结果，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。（注意不是每次测试都人工检查该文件，只首次测试的时候才检查）

三、Excel表格样式

四、实现代码

1、测试框架代码

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 #**************************************************************** 
 # TestFrame.py 
 # Author : Anndy
 # Version : 1.1.1 
 # Description: 自动化测试平台 
#**************************************************************** 

import os,sys, urllib, httplib, profile, datetime, time 
 from xml2dict import XML2Dict 
 import win32com.client 
 from win32com.client import Dispatch 
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as et 
 #import MySQLdb 

 #Excel表格中测试结果底色 
 OK_COLOR=0xffffff 
 NG_COLOR=0xff 
 #NT_COLOR=0xffff 
 NT_COLOR=0xC0C0C0 

 #Excel表格中测试结果汇总显示位置 
 TESTTIME=[1, 14] 
 TESTRESULT=[2, 14] 

 #Excel模版设置 
 #self.titleindex=3 #Excel中测试用例标题行索引 
 #self.casebegin =4 #Excel中测试用例开始行索引 
 #self.argbegin =3 #Excel中参数开始列索引 
 #self.argcount =8 #Excel中支持的参数个数 
 class create_excel: 
 def __init__(self, sFile, dtitleindex=3, dcasebegin=4, dargbegin=3, dargcount=8): 
 self.xlApp = win32com.client.Dispatch('et.Application') #MS:Excel WPS:et 
 try: 
 self.book = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Open(sFile) 
 except: 
 print_error_info() 
 print "打开文件失败" 
 exit() 
 self.file=sFile 
 self.titleindex=dtitleindex 
 self.casebegin=dcasebegin 
 self.argbegin=dargbegin 
 self.argcount=dargcount 
 self.allresult=[] 

 self.retCol=self.argbegin+self.argcount 
 self.xmlCol=self.retCol+1 
 self.resultCol=self.xmlCol+1 

 def close(self): 
 #self.book.Close(SaveChanges=0) 
 self.book.Save() 
 self.book.Close() 
 #self.xlApp.Quit() 
 del self.xlApp 

 def read_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol): 
 try: 
 sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet) 
 sValue=str(sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value) 
 except: 
 self.close() 
 print('读取数据失败') 
 exit() 
 #去除'.0' 
 if sValue[-2:]=='.0': 
 sValue = sValue[0:-2] 
 return sValue 

 def write_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol, sData, color=OK_COLOR): 
 try: 
 sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet) 
 sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value = sData.decode("utf-8") 
 sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Interior.Color=color 
 self.book.Save() 
 except: 
 self.close() 
 print('写入数据失败') 
 exit() 

 #获取用例个数 
 def get_ncase(self, iSheet): 
 try: 
 return self.get_nrows(iSheet)-self.casebegin+1 
 except: 
 self.close() 
 print('获取Case个数失败') 
 exit() 

 def get_nrows(self, iSheet): 
 try: 
 sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet) 
 return sht.UsedRange.Rows.Count 
 except: 
 self.close() 
 print('获取nrows失败') 
 exit() 

 def get_ncols(self, iSheet): 
 try: 
 sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet) 
 return sht.UsedRange.Columns.Count 
 except: 
 self.close() 
 print('获取ncols失败') 
 exit() 

 def del_testrecord(self, suiteid): 
 try: 
 #为提升性能特别从For循环提取出来 
 nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1 
 ncols=self.get_ncols(suiteid)+1 
 begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount 

 #提升性能 
 sht = self.book.Worksheets(suiteid) 

 for row in range(self.casebegin, nrows): 
 for col in range(begincol, ncols): 
 str=self.read_data(suiteid, row, col) 
 #清除实际结果[] 
 startpos = str.find('[') 
 if startpos>0: 
 str = str[0:startpos].strip() 
 self.write_data(suiteid, row, col, str, OK_COLOR) 
 else: 
 #提升性能 
 sht.Cells(row, col).Interior.Color = OK_COLOR 
 #清除TestResul列中的测试结果，设置为NT 
 self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.argbegin+self.argcount+1, ' ', OK_COLOR) 
 self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.resultCol, 'NT', NT_COLOR) 
 except: 
 self.close() 
 print('清除数据失败') 
 exit() 

 #执行调用 
 def HTTPInvoke(IPPort, url): 
 conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(IPPort) 
 conn.request("GET", url) 
 rsps = conn.getresponse() 
 data = rsps.read() 
 conn.close() 
 return data 

 #获取用例基本信息[Interface,argcount,[ArgNameList]] 
 def get_caseinfo(Data, SuiteID): 
 caseinfolist=[] 
 sInterface=Data.read_data(SuiteID, 1, 2) 
 argcount=int(Data.read_data(SuiteID, 2, 2)) 

 #获取参数名存入ArgNameList 
 ArgNameList=[] 
 for i in range(0, argcount): 
 ArgNameList.append(Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.titleindex, Data.argbegin+i)) 

 caseinfolist.append(sInterface) 
 caseinfolist.append(argcount) 
 caseinfolist.append(ArgNameList) 
 return caseinfolist 
 #获取输入 
 def get_input(Data, SuiteID, CaseID, caseinfolist): 
 sArge='' 
 #参数组合 
 for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]): 
 if Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j) != "None": 
 sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j)+'&' 

 #去掉结尾的&字符 
 if sArge[-1:]=='&': 
 sArge = sArge[0:-1] 
 sInput=caseinfolist[0]+sArge #组合全部参数 
 return sInput
 1. #结果判断 
 2.def assert_result(sReal, sExpect): 
 3.sReal=str(sReal) 
 4.sExpect=str(sExpect) 
 5.if sReal==sExpect: 
 6.return 'OK' 
 7.else: 
 8.return 'NG'

 #将测试结果写入文件 
 def write_result(Data, SuiteId, CaseId, resultcol, *result): 
 if len(result)>1: 
 ret='OK' 
 for i in range(0, len(result)): 
 if result[i]=='NG': 
 ret='NG' 
 break 
 if ret=='NG': 
 Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, NG_COLOR) 
 else: 
 Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, OK_COLOR) 
 Data.allresult.append(ret) 
 else: 
 if result[0]=='NG': 
 Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NG_COLOR) 
 elif result[0]=='OK': 
 Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], OK_COLOR) 
 else: #NT 
 Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NT_COLOR) 
 Data.allresult.append(result[0]) 

 #将当前结果立即打印 
 print 'case'+str(CaseId+1)+':', Data.allresult[-1] 

 #打印测试结果 
 def statisticresult(excelobj): 
 allresultlist=excelobj.allresult 
 count=[0, 0, 0] 
 for i in range(0, len(allresultlist)): 
 #print 'case'+str(i+1)+':', allresultlist[i] 
 count=countflag(allresultlist[i],count[0], count[1], count[2]) 
 print 'Statistic result as follow:' 
 print 'OK:', count[0] 
 print 'NG:', count[1] 
 print 'NT:', count[2] 

 #解析XmlString返回Dict 
 def get_xmlstring_dict(xml_string): 
 xml = XML2Dict() 
 return xml.fromstring(xml_string) 

 #解析XmlFile返回Dict 
 def get_xmlfile_dict(xml_file): 
 xml = XML2Dict() 
 return xml.parse(xml_file) 

 #去除历史数据expect[real] 
 def delcomment(excelobj, suiteid, iRow, iCol, str): 
 startpos = str.find('[') 
 if startpos>0: 
 str = str[0:startpos].strip() 
 excelobj.write_data(suiteid, iRow, iCol, str, OK_COLOR) 
 return str 

 #检查每个item （非结构体） 
 def check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_dict, checklist, begincol): 
 ret='OK' 
 for checkid in range(0, len(checklist)): 
 real=real_dict[checklist[checkid]]['value'] 
 expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid,
 begincol+checkid) 
 #如果检查不一致测将实际结果写入expect字段，格式：expect[real] 
 #将return NG 
 result=assert_result(real, expect) 
 if result=='NG': 
 writestr=expect+'['+real+']' 
 excelobj.write_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid, writestr, NG_COLOR) 
 ret='NG' 
 return ret 

 #检查结构体类型 
 def check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin, structcount): 
 ret='OK' 
 if structcount>1: #传入的是List 
 for structid in range(0, structcount): 
 structdict=real_struct_dict[structid] 
 temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structlist, structbegin+structid*len(structlist)) 
 if temp=='NG': 
 ret='NG' 

 else: #传入的是Dict 
 temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin) 
 if temp=='NG': 
 ret='NG' 

 return ret 

 #获取异常函数及行号 
 def print_error_info(): 
 """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame.""" 
 try: 
 raise Exception 
 except: 
 f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back 
 print (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno) 

 #测试结果计数器，类似Switch语句实现 
 def countflag(flag,ok, ng, nt): 
 calculation = {'OK':lambda:[ok+1, ng, nt], 
 'NG':lambda:[ok, ng+1, nt], 
 'NT':lambda:[ok, ng, nt+1]} 
 return calculation[flag]()

2、项目测试代码

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 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
 #**************************************************************** 
 # xxx_server_case.py 
 # Author : Anndy
 # Version : 1.0  
 # Description: 内容服务系统测试代码 
#**************************************************************** 

 from testframe import * 
 from common_lib import * 

 httpString='http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/' 
 expectXmldir=os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/expect/' 
 realXmldir=os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/real/' 

 def run(interface_name, suiteid): 
 print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' Test Begin,please waiting...' 
 global expectXmldir, realXmldir 

 #根据接口名分别创建预期结果目录和实际结果目录 
 expectDir=expectXmldir+interface_name 
 realDir=realXmldir+interface_name 
 if os.path.exists(expectDir) == 0: 
 os.makedirs(expectDir) 
 if os.path.exists(realDir) == 0: 
 os.makedirs(realDir) 

 excelobj.del_testrecord(suiteid) #清除历史测试数据 
 casecount=excelobj.get_ncase(suiteid) #获取case个数 
 caseinfolist=get_caseinfo(excelobj, suiteid) #获取Case基本信息 

 #遍历执行case 
 for caseid in range(0, casecount): 
 #检查是否执行该Case 
 if excelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid, 2)=='N': 
 write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultCol, 'NT') 
 continue #当前Case结束，继续执行下一个Case 

 #获取测试数据 
 sInput=httpString+get_input(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist) 
 XmlString=HTTPInvoke(com_ipport, sInput) #执行调用 

 #获取返回码并比较 
 result_code=et.fromstring(XmlString).find("result_code").text 
 ret1=check_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,result_code, excelobj.retCol) 

 #保存预期结果文件 
 expectPath=expectDir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml' 
 #saveXmlfile(expectPath, XmlString) 

 #保存实际结果文件 
 realPath=realDir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml' 
 saveXmlfile(realPath, XmlString) 

 #比较预期结果和实际结果 
 ret2= check_xmlfile(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,expectPath, realPath) 

 #写测试结果 
 write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultCol, ret1, ret2) 
 print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' Test End!'

3、测试入口

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 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
 #**************************************************************** 
 # main.py 
 # Author : Anndy 
 # Version : 1.0  
 # Description: 测试组装，用例执行入口 
#**************************************************************** 

 from testframe import * 
 from xxx_server_case import * 
 import xxx_server_case 

 #产品系统接口测试 
 #设置测试环境 
 xxx_server_case.excelobj=create_excel(os.getcwd()+'\TestDir\xxx_Testcase.xls') 
 xxx_server_case.com_ipport=xxx.com' 

 #Add testsuite begin 
 run("xxx_book_list", 4) 
 #Add other suite from here 
 #Add testsuite end 

 statisticresult(xxx_server_case.excelobj) 
 xxx_server_case.excelobj.close()