55. Jump Game 是否能跳到最后

数组中每个元素表示从当前位置能够跳的步数,判断是否能跳到最后。

思考:本题在solution中有4中解法,(方法1)dfs,实际运行会超时,因为会有数组很长的case. (方法2)dfs优化版,不过也会超时。(方法3)动态规划。(方法4)贪心算法。

解法:

(方法1)dfs, 虽然会超时,不过这种解法需要掌握。

    bool canJumpFromPos1(int pos, vector& nums) {
        if (pos + 1 == nums.size()) { return true; }
        
        int further_jump = min(pos + nums[pos], (int)nums.size() - 1);
        for (int i = pos + 1; i <= further_jump; ++i) {
            if (canJumpFromPos1(i, nums)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    bool canJump1(vector& nums) {
        return canJumpFromPos1(0, nums);
    }

(方法2)dfs 剪枝优化

   enum Index {
        GOOD,
        BAD,
        UNKNOW
    };
    
    // Time Limit Exceeded
    bool canJumpFromPos2(int pos, vector& nums) {
        if (pos + 1 == nums.size()) { return true; }
        if (sign[pos] != UNKNOW) { return sign[pos] == GOOD; }
        
        int further_jump = min(pos + nums[pos], (int)nums.size() - 1);
        for (int i = pos + 1; i <= further_jump; ++i) {
            if (canJumpFromPos2(i, nums)) {
                sign[pos] = GOOD;
                return true;
            }
        }
        sign[pos] = BAD;
        return false;
    }
    
    bool canJump2(vector& nums) {
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
            sign.push_back(UNKNOW);
        }
        
        sign[nums.size() - 1] = GOOD;
        return canJumpFromPos2(0, nums);
    }
    

(方法3)dp

    // Solution 3   556 ms	10.4 MB
    bool canJump3(vector& nums) {
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
            sign.push_back(UNKNOW);
        }
        
        sign[nums.size() - 1] = GOOD;
        
        for (int pos = nums.size() - 2; pos >= 0; --pos) {
            int further_jump = min(pos + nums[pos], (int)nums.size() - 1);
            // [pos + 1, further_jump] 是pos能够跳过的区间,这里只要有能够到达的位置,那么pos也就能到达
            // 所以下面会遍历这个区间,当有GOOD时,pos位置也能够置为GOOD
            for (int j = pos + 1; j <= further_jump; ++j) {
                if (sign[j] == GOOD) {
                    sign[pos] = GOOD;
                }
            }
        }
        
        return sign[0] == GOOD;
    }

(方法4) 贪心算法

    // Solution 4 Greedy
    bool canJump(vector& nums) {
        int last_pos = nums.size() - 1;
        for (int i = nums.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
            if (i + nums[i] >= last_pos) {
                last_pos = i;
            }
        }
        
        return last_pos == 0;
    }

 

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