springcloud学习笔记

原文地址:请移步原文

一、什么是springcloud,有什么作用

Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发,如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等,都可以用Spring Boot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。

二、springcloud的基本使用

1.服务的注册与发现

①创建一个parent maven项目springcloud,然后在该maven项目下面创建两个子项目eureka-server,eureka-client

Ⅰ、springcloud
在这里插入图片描述


  4.0.0
  com.demo
  springcloud
  0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
  pom
  
  
  
      eureka-server
      eureka-clinet
  
  
  
        org.springframework.boot
        spring-boot-starter-parent
        2.0.4.RELEASE
        
    

    
        UTF-8
        UTF-8
        1.8
        Finchley.RELEASE
    

    
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-test
            test
        
    

    
        
            
                org.springframework.cloud
                spring-cloud-dependencies
                ${spring-cloud.version}
                pom
                import
            
        
    

    
        
            
                org.springframework.boot
                spring-boot-maven-plugin
            
        
    

Ⅱ.eureka-server
 springcloud学习笔记_第1张图片



  4.0.0
  com.demo
  eureka-server
  0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
  war
  eureka-server Maven Webapp
  http://maven.apache.org
  
  
  
    com.demo
    springcloud
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
  
  
  
     
        org.springframework.cloud
        spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server
     
  
  

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run( EurekaServerApplication.class, args );
    }
}
#eureka-server 配置文件application.properties
#该服务名称
spring.application.name=eurka-server
#该服务的端口号
server.port=8000

#设置当前实例的主机名称
eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
#是否向服务注册中心注册自己
eureka.client.registerWithEureka=false
#检索服务
eureka.client.fetchRegistry=false
#服务注册中心的配置内容,指定服务注册中心的位置(在单注册中心的情况下,自己本身是注册中心,那么不需要配置这个)
#eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

Ⅲ.eureka-client
springcloud学习笔记_第2张图片



  4.0.0
  com.demo
  eureka-clinet
  0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
  war
  eureka-clinet Maven Webapp
  http://maven.apache.org
  
  
    com.demo
    springcloud
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
  
  
  
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
    

    
        
            
                org.springframework.boot
                spring-boot-maven-plugin
            
        
    

package com.demo.eureka_client;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServiceClientApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run( ServiceClientApplication.class, args );
    }

}
server.port=8001
spring.application.name=eureka-client
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8000/eureka/

将eureka-server和eureka-client启动后,访问localhost:8000将会看到如下页面,说明服务 注册成功
springcloud学习笔记_第3张图片

2.服务消费者(ribbon+restTemplate)

Ⅰ.还是用上面的例子中的erueka-server作为服务注册中心;

Ⅱ.创建服务提供者eureka-echo



    4.0.0
    com.demo
    eureka-echo
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    war
    eureka-echo Maven Webapp
    http://maven.apache.org

    
        com.demo
        springcloud
        0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    

    
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
    
    
        eureka-echo
    

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RestController
public class ServiceEchoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run( ServiceEchoApplication.class, args );
    }

    @Value("${server.port}")
    String port;

    @RequestMapping("/echo")
    public String home(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name) {
        return "hello " + name + " ,this is port:" + port;
    }

}
#application.properties
spring.application.name=eureka-echo
server.port=8001
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8000/eureka/

修改application.properties中的端口号,并启动两次eureka-echo两次,这样就相当于一个服务集群

Ⅲ.创建服务消费者consumer-ribbon,并启动



    4.0.0
    com.demo
    consumer-ribbon
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    war
    consumer-ribbon Maven Webapp
    http://maven.apache.org

    
        com.demo
        springcloud
        0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    

    
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon
        
    
    

package com.demo.consumer_ribbon;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
//如果注册中心是EUREKA则只需要@EnableEurekaClient即可,如果是其他服务注册中心,则需要@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ConsumerRibbonApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run( ConsumerRibbonApplication.class, args );
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced //实现负载均衡
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}
package com.demo.consumer_ribbon.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.demo.consumer_ribbon.service.EchoService;

@RestController
public class EchoController {

    @Autowired
    EchoService echoService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/echo")
    public String hi(@RequestParam String name) {
        return echoService.echo( name );
    }
}
package com.demo.consumer_ribbon.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Service
public class EchoService {

    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    public String echo(String name) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://EUREKA-ECHO/echo?name="+name,String.class);
    }


}
#application.properties
spring.application.name=consumer-ribbon
server.port=8003
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8000/eureka/

Ⅳ、通过http://localhost:8000/ 查看注册的服务;访问http://localhost:8003/echo?name=kyle 可以看到会间隔调用两个eureka-echo服务,达到负载均衡的效果。
springcloud学习笔记_第4张图片

3.服务消费者(feign)

Ⅰ.继续使用上面eureka-server,eureka-echo

Ⅱ.创建消费者consumer-feign,并启动
    springcloud学习笔记_第5张图片



    4.0.0
    consumer-feign
    consumer-feign
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    war
    consumer-feign Maven Webapp
    http://maven.apache.org

    
        com.demo
        springcloud
        0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    

    
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-openfeign
        
    


package com.demo.consumer_feign;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ConsumerFeignApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run( ConsumerFeignApplication.class, args );
    }
}
package com.demo.consumer_feign.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.demo.consumer_feign.service.EchoService;

@RestController
public class EchoController {


    @Autowired
    private EchoService echoService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/echo")
    public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name) {
        return echoService.echo( name );
    }
}
package com.demo.consumer_feign.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@FeignClient(value = "eureka-echo")//value值是指定调用哪个服务
public interface EchoService {
    
    //value值是指定调用那个方法
    @RequestMapping(value = "/echo",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String echo(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}
spring.application.name=consumer-feign
server.port=8004
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8000/eureka/

Ⅲ.访问http://localhost:8004/echo?name=kyle 可以看出在两种结果之间切换

4.断路器

Ⅰ.改造erueka-ribbon,增加熔断功能

①pom文件增加

  
      org.springframework.cloud
      spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix
  

②在启动类ConsumerRibbonApplication上面增加注解@EnableHystrix

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
//如果注册中心是EUREKA则只需要@EnableEurekaClient即可,如果是其他服务注册中心,则需要@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableHystrix
public class ConsumerRibbonApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run( ConsumerRibbonApplication.class, args );
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced //实现负载均衡
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

③在Service方法上增加 @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = “error”),并新增出错后调用的方法error();

@Service
public class EchoService {

    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "error")
    public String echo(String name) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://EUREKA-ECHO/echo?name="+name,String.class);
    }

    public String error(String name) {
        return "hi,"+name+",Service is error!";
    }
}

④调用http://localhost:8004/echo?name=kyle,发现可以在两个服务之间切换。然后停掉其中一个eureka-echo服务,刚开始可能会返回"hi,kyle,Service is error!",然后不会再去访问该服务,而去调用集群中的其他服务。

Ⅱ.改造consumer-feign,增加熔断功能。

①feign自带熔断功能,只需要在application.properties中添加feign.hystrix.enabled=true,就可以开启。

spring.application.name=consumer-feign
server.port=8004
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8000/eureka/
feign.hystrix.enabled=true

②在EchoService接口的注解上增加fallback属性,并且属性值为EchoService的实现类。

package com.demo.consumer_feign.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@FeignClient(value = "eureka-echo",fallback = EchoServiceHystric.class)//value值是指定调用哪个服务
public interface EchoService {
    
    //value值是指定调用那个方法
    @RequestMapping(value = "/echo",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String echo(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}

③创建EchoServiceHystric 类

package com.demo.consumer_feign.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class EchoServiceHystric implements EchoService{

    @Override
    public String echo(String name) {
        return "sorry service is error;";
    }

}

④把eureka-echo服务停掉之后就会返回 sorry service is error;

5.路由网关

Ⅰ.创建eureka-zuul
    springcloud学习笔记_第6张图片



    4.0.0
    com.demo
    erueka-zuul
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    war
    erueka-zuul Maven Webapp
    http://maven.apache.org

    
        com.demo
        springcloud
        0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    

    
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul
        
    
    
        erueka-zuul
    

package com.demo.erueka_zuul;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class EurekaZuulApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run( EurekaZuulApplication.class, args );
    }
}
spring.application.name=eureka-zuul
server.port=8005
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8000/eureka/

#api-a,api-b这个可以随意配置
zuul.routes.api-a.path=/ribbon/**
zuul.routes.api-a.serviceId=consumer-ribbon

zuul.routes.api-b.path=/feign/**
zuul.routes.api-b.serviceId=consumer-feign

Ⅱ.访问http://localhost:8005/ribbon/echo?name=kyle ,根据路由配置,会去调用consumer-ribbon的服务

Ⅲ.访问http://localhost:8005/feign/echo?name=kyle,根据路由配置,会去调用consumer-feign的服务

6.分布式配置中心

由于在分布式系统中服务数量很多,为了方便统一管理服务配置文件并且实时更新,就需要用到分布式配置中心。在spring cloud config 组件中,分两个角色,一是config server,二是config client

Ⅰ.创建config-server
     springcloud学习笔记_第7张图片



    4.0.0
    com.demo
    config-server
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    war
    config-server Maven Webapp
    http://maven.apache.org

    
        com.demo
        springcloud
        0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    

    
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-config-server
        
    
    

package com.demo.config_server;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
public class ConfigServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}
spring.application.name=config-server
server.port=9000

spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri=https://github.com/kyleInJava/gitworkspace/
spring.cloud.config.server.git.searchPaths=
spring.cloud.config.label=master
spring.cloud.config.server.git.username=
spring.cloud.config.server.git.password=

此处由于未申请github地址,改成

spring.application.name=config-server
server.port=9000

spring.profiles.active=native
spring.cloud.config.server.native.search-locations=classpath:/configs/
#spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri=https://github.com/kyleInJava/gitworkspace/
#spring.cloud.config.server.git.searchPaths=
#spring.cloud.config.label=master
#spring.cloud.config.server.git.username=
#spring.cloud.config.server.git.password=

springcloud学习笔记_第8张图片

Ⅱ.创建config-client
    springcloud学习笔记_第9张图片



    4.0.0
    com.demo
    config-client
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    war
    config-client Maven Webapp
    http://maven.apache.org

    
        com.demo
        springcloud
        0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    

    
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-config
        
    
    

package com.demo.config_client;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class ConfigClientApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigClientApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Value("${name}")
    String name;
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getName")
    public String hi(){
        return name;
    }
}
spring.application.name=config-client
server.port=9001

spring.cloud.config.label=master
spring.cloud.config.profile=pro
spring.cloud.config.uri= http://localhost:9000/

Ⅲ、分布式配置中心的使用说明

①在启动config-server后,访问http://localhost:9000/kyle/pro/master 如果得到下面的返回,则说明配置服务中心可以从远程程序获取配置信息。

②访问http://localhost:9001/getName 会返回如下文件中的值
      springcloud学习笔记_第10张图片
③请求地址和对应资源的映射关系
springcloud学习笔记_第11张图片
上面的映射关系中

{application} 对应的就是下面的spring.application.name

{profile} 对应的是spring.cloud.config.profile,表示运行环境:dev表示开发环境,test表示测试环境,pro表示生产环境。

{label} 对应的就是下面的spring.cloud.config.label 表示资源文件的分支,默认为master

所以下面的config-client的配置文件对应的资源文件为config-client-pro.properties 
      springcloud学习笔记_第12张图片
 Ⅳ.配置高可用分布式配置中心

只需要将config-server和config-client在服务注册中心进行注册,这样就可以直接通过服务名称来代替uri进行访问。

①config-server 和 config-client 的pom文件中引入jar包


            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
        

②config-server 的application.properties配置文件

spring.application.name=config-server
server.port=9002

spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri=https://github.com/kyleInJava/gitworkspace/
spring.cloud.config.server.git.searchPaths=
spring.cloud.config.label=master
spring.cloud.config.server.git.username=
spring.cloud.config.server.git.password=
#增加下面一行,进行服务注册
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8000/eureka/

③config-client 的配置文件bootstrap.properties 配置文件

spring.application.name=config-client
server.port=9001

spring.cloud.config.label=master
spring.cloud.config.profile=pro
#spring.cloud.config.uri= http://localhost:9000/

#增加下面三行,注释掉上面的spring.cloud.config.uri,用服务名来访问服务
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8000/eureka/
spring.cloud.config.discovery.enabled=true
spring.cloud.config.discovery.serviceId=config-server

7.服务链路追踪(Spring Cloud Sleuth)

Ⅰ.构建server-zipkin,只需要从网上下载jar包运行即可。

https://dl.bintray.com/openzipkin/maven/io/zipkin/java/zipkin-server/
    springcloud学习笔记_第13张图片
 Ⅱ.改造前面的eureka-echo和consumer-ribbon

在pom文件中引入

 
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-zipkin
        

在application.properties文件中加入spring.zipkin.base-url=http://localhost:9411

改造完成,分别启动eureka-server,eureka-echo,consumer-ribbon,然后调用http://localhost:8003/echo?name=kyle ,会得到如下的效果显示
在这里插入图片描述
 8.构建高可用服务注册中心

Ⅰ.创建eureka-server和eureka-server2,具体构建和上面的erueka-server创建一样,只是application.properties需要改动,配置如下:

#eureka-server 配置文件application.properties
#该服务名称
spring.application.name=eurka-server
#该服务的端口号
server.port=8000

#设置当前实例的主机名称
eureka.instance.hostname=peer1
#是否向服务注册中心注册自己
eureka.client.registerWithEureka=false
#检索服务
eureka.client.fetchRegistry=false
#服务注册中心的配置内容,指定服务注册中心的位置
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://peer2:8009/eureka/
#eureka-server2 配置文件application.properties
#该服务名称
spring.application.name=eurka-server
#该服务的端口号
server.port=8009

#设置当前实例的主机名称
eureka.instance.hostname=peer2
#是否向服务注册中心注册自己
eureka.client.registerWithEureka=false
#检索服务
eureka.client.fetchRegistry=false
#服务注册中心的配置内容,指定服务注册中心的位置
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://peer1:8000/eureka/

提示:需要在hosts文件中配置peer1 和peer2映射到127.0.0.1

Ⅱ.访问http://localhost:8000/和http://localhost:8009/可以看出两个注册服务都相互在对方有注册,并且其他服务只需要在某一台上注册,就会在两台上面注册。
    springcloud学习笔记_第14张图片
springcloud学习笔记_第15张图片

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