作者:童磊(magictong)
P.S. 之前的排版乱掉了,这里做一下排版,顺便改一下里面的一些用词错误。
2011-08-04
在python中某些时候需要C做效率上的补充,在实际应用中,需要做部分数据的交互。使用python中的ctypes模块可以很方便的调用windows的dll(也包括linux下的so等文件),下面将详细的讲解这个模块(以windows平台为例子),当然我假设你们已经对windows下怎么写一个DLL是没有问题的。
引入ctypes库
from ctypes import *
假设你已经有了一个的DLL(名字是add.dll),且该DLL有一个符合cdecl(这里强调调用约定是因为,stdcall调用约定和cdecl调用约定声明的导出函数,在使用python加载时使用的加载函数是不同的,后面会有说明)调用约定的导出函数Add。from ctypes import *
dll = CDLL("add.dll")
print dll.Add(1, 102)
结果:103 Objdll = ctypes.windll.LoadLibrary("dllpath")
Objdll = ctypes.WinDLL("dllpath")
cdecl调用约定:也有两种加载方式 Objdll = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary("dllpath")
Objdll = ctypes.CDLL("dllpath")
其实windll和cdll分别是WinDLL类和CDll类的对象。
intPara = c_int(9)
dll.sub(23, 102, byref(intPara))
print intPara.value
如果是要传入一个char缓冲区指针,和缓冲区长度,方法至少有四种: # 方法1
szPara = create_string_buffer('/0'*100)
dll.PrintInfo(byref(szPara), 100);
print szPara.value
# 方法2
sBuf = 'aaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbbbbb'
pStr = c_char_p( )
pStr.value = sBuf
#pVoid = ctypes.cast( pStr, ctypes.c_void_p ).value
dll.PrintInfo(pStr, len(pStr.value))
print pStr.value
# 方法3
strMa = "/0"*20
FunPrint = dll.PrintInfo
FunPrint.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int]
#FunPrint.restypes = c_void_p
nRst = FunPrint(strMa, len(strMa))
print strMa,len(strMa)
# 方法4
pStr2 = c_char_p("/0")
print pStr2.value
#pVoid = ctypes.cast( pStr, ctypes.c_void_p ).value
dll.PrintInfo(pStr2, len(pStr.value))
print pStr2.value
pchar = dll.getbuffer()
szbuffer = c_char_p(pchar)
print szbuffer.value
typedef struct _SimpleStruct
{
int nNo;
float fVirus;
char szBuffer[512];
} SimpleStruct, *PSimpleStruct;
typedef const SimpleStruct* PCSimpleStruct;
extern "C"int __declspec(dllexport) PrintStruct(PSimpleStruct simp);
int PrintStruct(PSimpleStruct simp)
{
printf ("nMaxNum=%f, szContent=%s", simp->fVirus, simp->szBuffer);
return simp->nNo;
}
from ctypes import *
class SimpStruct(Structure):
_fields_ = [ ("nNo", c_int),
("fVirus", c_float),
("szBuffer", c_char * 512)]
dll = CDLL("AddDll.dll")
simple = SimpStruct();
simple.nNo = 16
simple.fVirus = 3.1415926
simple.szBuffer = "magicTong/0"
print dll.PrintStruct(byref(simple))
typedef struct
{
char words[10];
}keywords;
typedef struct
{
keywords *kws;
unsigned int len;
}outStruct;
extern "C"int __declspec(dllexport) test(outStruct *o);
int test(outStruct *o)
{
unsigned int i = 4;
o->kws = (keywords *)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 10 * i);
strcpy(o->kws[0].words, "The First Data");
strcpy(o->kws[1].words, "The Second Data");
o->len = i;
return 1;
}
Python代码如下: class keywords(Structure):
_fields_ = [('words', c_char *10),]
class outStruct(Structure):
_fields_ = [('kws', POINTER(keywords)),
('len', c_int),]
o = outStruct()
dll.test(byref(o))
print o.kws[0].words;
print o.kws[1].words;
print o.len
extern "C"__declspec(dllexport) char* newGUID();
char* newGUID()
{
static char buf[64] = {0};
statc GUID guid;
if (S_OK == ::CoCreateGuid(&guid))
{
_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
"%08X-%04X-%04X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X",
guid.Data1,
guid.Data2,
guid.Data3,
guid.Data4[0], guid.Data4[1],
guid.Data4[2], guid.Data4[3],
guid.Data4[4], guid.Data4[5],
guid.Data4[6], guid.Data4[7]
);
::MessageBox(NULL, buf, "GUID", MB_OK);
}
return (char*)buf;
}
Python代码如下: def CreateGUID():
"""
创建一个全局唯一标识符
类似:E06093E2-699A-4BF2-A325-4F1EADB50E18
NewVersion
"""
try:
# dll path
strDllPath = sys.path[0] + str(os.sep) + "createguid.dll"
dll = CDLL(strDllPath)
b = dll.newGUID()
a = c_char_p(b)
except Exception, error:
print error
return ""
return a.value
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from ctypes import *
# 定义_PROCESS_INFORMATION结构体
class _PROCESS_INFORMATION(Structure):
_fields_ = [('hProcess', c_void_p),
('hThread', c_void_p),
('dwProcessId', c_ulong),
('dwThreadId', c_ulong)]
# 定义_STARTUPINFO结构体
class _STARTUPINFO(Structure):
_fields_ = [('cb',c_ulong),
('lpReserved', c_char_p),
('lpDesktop', c_char_p),
('lpTitle', c_char_p),
('dwX', c_ulong),
('dwY', c_ulong),
('dwXSize', c_ulong),
('dwYSize', c_ulong),
('dwXCountChars', c_ulong),
('dwYCountChars', c_ulong),
('dwFillAttribute', c_ulong),
('dwFlags', c_ulong),
('wShowWindow', c_ushort),
('cbReserved2', c_ushort),
('lpReserved2', c_char_p),
('hStdInput', c_ulong),
('hStdOutput', c_ulong),
('hStdError', c_ulong)]
NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00000020 #定义NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS
kernel32 = windll.LoadLibrary("kernel32.dll") #加载kernel32.dll
CreateProcess = kernel32.CreateProcessA #获得CreateProcess函数地址
ReadProcessMemory = kernel32.ReadProcessMemory #获得ReadProcessMemory函数地址
WriteProcessMemory = kernel32.WriteProcessMemory #获得WriteProcessMemory函数地址
TerminateProcess = kernel32.TerminateProcess
# 声明结构体
ProcessInfo = _PROCESS_INFORMATION()
StartupInfo = _STARTUPINFO()
fileName = 'c:/windows/notepad.exe' # 要进行修改的文件
address = 0x0040103c # 要修改的内存地址
strbuf = c_char_p("_") # 缓冲区地址
bytesRead = c_ulong(0) # 读入的字节数
bufferSize = len(strbuf.value) # 缓冲区大小
# 创建进程
CreateProcess(fileName, 0, 0, 0, 0, NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS,0, 0, byref(StartupInfo), byref(ProcessInfo))