c#virtual 关键字

virtual 关键字用于修饰方法、属性、索引器或事件声明，并使它们可以在派生类中被重写。 例如，此方法可被任何继承它的类重写。（使用override进行重写）

class TestClass
{
    public class Shape
    {
        public const double PI = Math.PI;
        protected double x, y;
        public Shape()
        {
        }
        public Shape(double x, double y)
        {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
        }

        public virtual double Area()
        {
            return x * y;
        }
    }

    public class Circle : Shape
    {
        public Circle(double r) : base(r, 0)
        {
        }

        public override double Area()
        {
            return PI * x * x;
        }
    }

    class Sphere : Shape
    {
        public Sphere(double r) : base(r, 0)
        {
        }

        public override double Area()
        {
            return 4 * PI * x * x;
        }
    }

    class Cylinder : Shape
    {
        public Cylinder(double r, double h) : base(r, h)
        {
        }

        public override double Area()
        {
            return 2 * PI * x * x + 2 * PI * x * y;
        }
    }

    static void Main()
    {
        double r = 3.0, h = 5.0;
        Shape c = new Circle(r);
        Shape s = new Sphere(r);
        Shape l = new Cylinder(r, h);
        // Display results:
        Console.WriteLine("Area of Circle   = {0:F2}", c.Area());
        Console.WriteLine("Area of Sphere   = {0:F2}", s.Area());
        Console.WriteLine("Area of Cylinder = {0:F2}", l.Area());
        }
    }
    /*
        Output:
        Area of Circle   = 28.27
        Area of Sphere   = 113.10
        Area of Cylinder = 150.80
    */