迷你MVVM框架 avalonjs 学习教程15、属性监听与模块通信

avalon的ViewModel对象从其内部EventManager里继承了三个方法,$watch、$unwatch、$fire三个方法,它们就是我们本节的主题。

词如其名,非常直白,一看就知道做什么。我们先从$watch方法说起,它能监听当前的VM第一层的监控属性计算属性,如果某属性是一个对象,想监控其子孙属性,就需要定位到此对象上使用$watch回调了。$watch回调会默认传入先后两个属性值。

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">

        <script src="avalon.js" ></script>

        <script>

            var model = avalon.define({

                $id: "test",

                aaa: "2",

                bbb: "2",

                $ccc: "1",//这是非监控属性

                ddd: "1",//这是非监控属性

                $skipArray: ["ddd"],

                click: function(a) {

                    model[a] = new Date - 0

                }

            })

            model.$watch("aaa", function(a, b) {

                console.log("aaa", a, b)

            })

            model.$watch("bbb", function(a, b) {

                console.log("bbb", a, b)

            })

            model.$watch("$ccc", function(a, b) {

                console.log("$ccc", a, b)

            })

            model.$watch("ddd", function(a, b) {

                console.log("ddd", a, b)

            })

        </script>

        <style>

            .ms-hover div:hover{

                background:yellowgreen;

            }

        </style>

    </head>

    <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'>

        <div ms-click="click('aaa')">{{aaa}}</div>

        <div ms-click="click('bbb')">{{bbb}}</div>

        <div ms-click="click('$ccc')">{{$ccc}}</div>

        <div ms-click="click('ddd')">{{ddd}}</div>

    </body>

</html>

enter image description here

如果属性非常多,我们可以监听$all这个特殊的属性名来得知所有属性的变动状况。

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">

        <script src="../avalon.js" ></script>

        <script>

            var model = avalon.define({

                $id: "test",

                aaa: "2",

                bbb: "2",

                $ccc: "1",

                ddd: "1",

                $skipArray: ["ddd"],

                click: function(a) {

                    model[a] = new Date - 0

                }

            })

            model.$watch("$all", function(name, a, b) {

                console.log(name, a, b)

            })



        </script>

        <style>

            .ms-hover div:hover{

                background:yellowgreen;

            }

        </style>

    </head>

    <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'>

        <div ms-click="click('aaa')">{{aaa}}</div>

        <div ms-click="click('bbb')">{{bbb}}</div>

        <div ms-click="click('$ccc')">{{$ccc}}</div>

        <div ms-click="click('ddd')">{{ddd}}</div>

    </body>

</html>

enter image description here

我们也可以用$fire更改属性值。这样就可以打破不能触发非监控属性的回调的藩蓠,但要注意死循环,需要自己比较新旧值是否真的发生改变才触发。

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">

        <script src="../avalon.js" ></script>

        <script>

            var model = avalon.define({

                $id: "test",

                aaa: "2",

                bbb: "2",

                $ccc: "1",

                ddd: "1",

                $skipArray: ["ddd"],

                click: function(a) {

                    var old = model[a]

                    model.$fire(a, new Date - 0, old)

                }

            })

            model.$watch("$all", function(name, a, b) {

                console.log(name, a, b)

            })



        </script>

        <style>

            .ms-hover div:hover{

                background:yellowgreen;

            }

        </style>

    </head>

    <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'>

        <div ms-click="click('aaa')">{{aaa}}</div>

        <div ms-click="click('bbb')">{{bbb}}</div>

        <div ms-click="click('$ccc')">{{$ccc}}</div>

        <div ms-click="click('ddd')">{{ddd}}</div>

    </body>

</html>

enter image description here

注意,$watch回调里是用ecma262 v6 提供的新API Object.is做新旧值比较,它的功能与=== 差不多,但能对付NaN这个自己也不等于自己的怪胎。另,一个对象字面量即便外形看上去一致,也是一个新对象,不会等于原来的。

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">

        <script src="avalon.js" ></script>

        <script>

            var model = avalon.define({

                $id: "test",

                aaa: "1111",

                nan: NaN,

                object: {a: 1, b: 2},

                array: [1, 2],

                ddd: "1",

                $skipArray: ["ddd"],

                click: function(a) {

                    if (a == "object") {

                        model[a] = {a: 1, b: 2}

                    } else if (a == "array") {

                        model[a] = [1, 2]

                    } else if (a == "nan") {

                        model[a] = NaN

                    } else {

                        model[a] = "1111"

                    }

                }

            })

            model.$watch("$all", function(name, a, b) {

                console.log(name, a, b)

            })



        </script>

        <style>

            .ms-hover div:hover{

                background:yellowgreen;

            }

        </style>

    </head>

    <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'>

        <div ms-click="click('aaa')">{{aaa}}</div>

        <div ms-click="click('nan')">{{nan}}</div>

        <div ms-click="click('object')">

            <div ms-repeat='object'>{{$key}}</div>

        </div>

        <div ms-click="click('array')">

            <div ms-repeat='array'>{{el}}</div>

        </div>

        <div ms-click="click('ddd')">{{ddd}}</div>

    </body>

</html>

enter image description here

对于数组,我们只能监听数组长度的变化,不能监听其内部是否发生变化。

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">

        <script src="../avalon.js" ></script>

        <script>

            var model = avalon.define({

                $id: "test",

                array: [1, 2],

                click: function(a) {

                    model.array.push(new Date - 0)

                }

            })

            model.array.$watch("length", function( a, b) {

                console.log(a, b)

            })



        </script>

        <style>

            .ms-hover div:hover{

                background:yellowgreen;

            }

        </style>

    </head>

    <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'>

        <div ms-click="click('array')">

            <div ms-repeat='array'>{{el}}</div>

        </div>

    </body>

</html>

enter image description here

如果你一定要监听数组每个元素的变化,可以使用1.3.4新添加的tick函数,这是一个心跳检测,只要函数返回false就会从检测列队中移除。由于是每30ms检测一次,非常耗性能,因此不用时记得移除。

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">

        <script src="../avalon.js" ></script>

        <script>

            var ret

            var model = avalon.define({

                $id: "test",

                array: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8],

                stop: function(){

                    ret = false

                },

                click: function(a) {

                    var index = Math.floor(Math.random() * 8)

                    model.array.set(index, new Date - 0)

                }

            })

            var old = model.$model.array.concat()

            avalon.tick(function() {

                console.log("tick...")

                var now = model.$model.array.concat()

                for (var i = 0, n = now.length; i < n; i++) {

                    if (now[i] !== old[i]) {

                        console.log("第" + i + "个元素发生变化: " + old[i] + " --> " + now[i])

                    }

                }

                old = now

                return ret

            })



        </script>

        <style>

            .ms-hover div:hover{

                background:yellowgreen;

            }

        </style>

    </head>

    <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'>

        <div ms-click="click('array')">

            <div ms-repeat='array'>{{el}}</div>

        </div>

        <button type='button' ms-click='stop'>移除此监听器</button>

    </body>

</html>

enter image description here

稍微说一下 $unwatch的用法,这个不太常用。如果它传入两个参数,第一个为属性名,第二个为回调,那么就会移除此用户,如果只传入此属性名,则移除此属性的所有监听函数。如果什么也不传,那么就会临时中断此ViewModel的属性监听功能,所有$watch回调都不会触发。想恢复也很简单,调用$watch方法,也是什么也不传。

我们最后看一下1.3.2新增的跨模块通信功能,我们通过在$fire的第一个参数一些前缀,就能触发其他模块的属性回调。它们分别是”up!”, “down!”, “all!”。上与下是根据当前ViewModel所在ms-controller元素在DOM树位置决定的。

  • up!xxx, 向上冒泡
  • down!xxx, 向下捕获
  • all!xxx, 全局广播

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>

        <title>by 司徒正美</title>

        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

        <script src="avalon.js"></script>

        <script>

            avalon.define("ancestor", function(vm) {

                vm.aaa = '1111111111'

                vm.$watch("aaa", function(v) {

                    avalon.log(v)

                    avalon.log("ancestor.aaa事件被触发了")

                })

                vm.click = function() {

                    avalon.log("向下广播")

                    vm.$fire("down!aaa", "capture")

                }

            })

            avalon.define("parent", function(vm) {

                vm.text = "222222222"

                vm.aaa = '3333333333'

                vm.$watch("aaa", function(v) {

                    avalon.log(v)

                    avalon.log("parent.aaa事件被触发了")

                })

                vm.click = function() {

                    console.log("全局扩播")

                    vm.$fire("all!aaa", "broadcast")

                }

            })

            avalon.define("son", function(vm) {

                vm.$watch("aaa", function(v) {

                    avalon.log(v)

                    avalon.log("son.aaa事件被触发了")

                })

                vm.click = function() {

                    console.log("向上冒泡")

                    vm.$fire("up!aaa", "bubble")

                }

            })

        </script>

    </head>

    <body class="ms-controller"   ms-controller="ancestor">

        <h3>avalon vm.$fire的升级版 </h3>

        <button type="button" ms-click="click">

            capture

        </button>

        <div ms-controller="parent">

            <button type="button" ms-click="click">broadcast</button>

            <div ms-controller="son">

                <button type="button" ms-click="click">

                    bubble

                </button>

            </div>

        </div>

    </body>

</html>

enter image description here

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