使用NIO实现非阻塞Socket通信原理

刚学了NIO,写一下自己的理解
网络通信中,NIO提供了SocketChannel和ServerSocketChannel两种不同的套接字通道来实现,可以设置阻塞与非阻塞两种模式,为了实现高负载高并发都采取非阻塞的模式。通道是双向的,可以同时在通道上发送和读取数据。NIO采用可分配大小的缓冲区Buffer实现对数据的读写操作。
服务器仅采用一个线程去处理所有的客户端线程,这就需要创建一个Selector,将ServerSocketChannel和想要监控的SocketChannel注册到Selector中(用SelectableChannel的register方法,该方法返回一个这个channel向Selector注册的键,是一个SelectionKey实例,它包装了SelectableChannel和该通道感兴趣的操作)。
Selector就像一个观察者,不断地获取Selector的select方法的返回值,返回值是准备就绪的SelectionKey的数目,然后就进行处理(通过Selector的selectedKeys方法返回被选择的SelectionKey集合,然后处理连接请求和读取数据)。
每个客户端只有一个SocketChannel,将该SocketChannel注册到指定的Selector后,监听该Selector即可。如果监听到该Selector的select方法的返回值大于0,表明该Selector上有需要进行IO处理的SelectionKey,获取到SocketChannel后即可处理请求和数据。
贴一段练习的代码:

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.*;
import java.nio.channels.*;
import java.nio.charset.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
class NServer 
{
    private Selector selector = null;
    static final int PORT = 30000;
    private Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    public void init() throws IOException
    {
        selector = Selector.open();
        ServerSocketChannel server = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        InetSocketAddress isa = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",PORT);
        server.bind(isa);
        //设置ServerSocket以非阻塞方式工作
        server.configureBlocking(false);
        //将server注册到指定的Selector对象
        server.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

        while(selector.select()>0)
        {
            //依次处理每个已选择的SelectionKey
            for(SelectionKey sk : selector.selectedKeys())
            {
                selector.selectedKeys().remove(sk);
                //如果sk对应的Channel包含客户端的连接请求
                if(sk.isAcceptable())
                {
                    SocketChannel sc = server.accept();
                    sc.configureBlocking(false);
                    sc.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                    //将sk对应的Channel设置成准备接受其他请求
                    sk.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
                }
                //如果sk对应的Channel有数据需要读取
                if(sk.isReadable())
                {
                    //获取该SelectionKey对应的Channel
                    SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel)sk.channel();
                    ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                    String content = "";
                    try
                    {
                        while(sc.read(buff)>0)
                        {
                            buff.flip();
                            content += charset.decode(buff);
                        }
                        System.out.println("读取的数据:"+ content);
                        sk.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                    }
                    //如果捕获到带sk对应的Channel出现了异常,即表明该Channel对应的Client出现了问题,
                    //所以从Selector中取消sk的注册
                    catch (IOException e)
                    {
                        sk.cancel();
                        if(sk.channel() != null)
                            sk.channel().close();
                    }
                    //将收到的数据发给所有注册的SelectionKey
                    if(content.length()>0)
                    {
                        for(SelectionKey key : selector.keys())
                        {
                            Channel targetChannel = key.channel();
                            if(targetChannel instanceof SocketChannel)
                            {
                                SocketChannel dest = (SocketChannel)targetChannel;
                                dest.write(charset.encode(content));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
    {
        new NServer().init();
    }
}

class NClient
{
    private Selector selector = null;
    static final int PORT = 30000;
    private Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    private SocketChannel sc = null;

    public void init() throws IOException
    {
        selector = Selector.open();
        InetSocketAddress isa = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",PORT);
        sc = SocketChannel.open(isa);
        sc.configureBlocking(false);
        sc.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        //启动读取服务端数据的线程
        new ClientThread().start();
        //创建键盘输入流
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (scan.hasNextLine())
        {
            String line = scan.nextLine();
            sc.write(charset.encode(line));
        }
    }

    //定义读取服务端数据的线程
    private class ClientThread extends Thread
    {
        public void run()
        {
            try
            {
                while (selector.select()>0)
                {
                    //遍历每个有可用IO操作的Channel对应的SelectionKey
                    for(SelectionKey sk : selector.selectedKeys())
                    {
                        selector.selectedKeys().remove(sk);
                        if(sk.isReadable())
                        {
                            //使用NIO读取Channel中的数据
                            SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel)sk.channel();
                            ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                            String content = "";
                            while(sc.read(buff)>0)
                            {
                                sc.read(buff);
                                buff.flip();
                                content += charset.decode(buff);
                            }
                            System.out.println("聊天信息:"+ content);
                            sk.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (IOException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
    {
        new NClient().init();
    }
}

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