Spring整合Junit4进行单元测试

一.加入依赖包

使用spring的测试框架需要加入以下依赖包：
JUnit 4 （官方下载：http://www.junit.org/）
Spring Test （Spring框架中的test包）
Spring 相关其他依赖包（不再赘述了，就是context等包）

如果使用maven，在基于spring的项目中添加如下依赖：

 <dependency>
             <groupId>junitgroupId>
             <artifactId>junitartifactId>
             <version>4.9version>
             <scope>testscope>
 dependency>
 <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
             <artifactId>spring-testartifactId>
             <version> 3.2.4.RELEASE  version>
             <scope>providedscope>
 dependency>

二.创建测试类

1)基类,其实就是用来加载配置文件的 

 package Solin.Test;

 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) //使用junit4进行测试
 @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"}) //加载配置文件
 //------------如果加入以下代码，所有继承该类的测试类都会遵循该配置，也可以不加，在测试类的方法上///控制事务，参见下一个实例
 //这个非常关键，如果不加入这个注解配置，事务控制就会完全失效！
 //@Transactional
 //这里的事务关联到配置文件中的事务控制器（transactionManager = "transactionManager"），同时//指定自动回滚（defaultRollback = true）。这样做操作的数据才不会污染数据库！
 //@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = true)
 //------------
 public class BaseJunit4Test{

 }

解释下用到的注解:
@RunWith：用于指定junit运行环境，是junit提供给其他框架测试环境接口扩展，为了便于使用spring的依赖注入，spring提供了org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner作为Junit测试环境
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:applicationContext.xml","classpath:spring/buyer/applicationContext-service.xml"}) 
导入配置文件，这里我的applicationContext配置文件是根据模块来分类的。如果有多个模块就引入多个“applicationContext-service.xml”文件。如果所有的都是写在“applicationContext。xml”中则这样导入： 
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") 
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = true)这里的事务关联到配置文件中的事务控制器（transactionManager = "transactionManager"），同时指定自动回滚（defaultRollback = true）。这样做操作的数据才不会污染数据库！ 
@Transactional:这个非常关键，如果不加入这个注解配置，事务控制就会完全失效！ 

AbstractTransactionalDataSourceSpringContextTests要想构建这一系列的无污染纯绿色事务测试框架就必须找

到这个基类！（即所有事务均不生效）

2）接着是我们自己的测试类 

 package Solin.Test;

 import java.util.List;

 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

 import Solin.Entity.ImageInfo;
 import Solin.Service.ImageInfoService;

 public class ImageInfoTest extends BaseJunit4Test{
     @Autowired //自动注入
     private ImageInfoService imageInfoService;

     @Test
     @Transactional   //标明此方法需使用事务
     @Rollback(false)  //标明使用完此方法后事务不回滚,true时为回滚
     public void test(){
         System.out.println("测试Spring整合Junit4进行单元测试");

         ImageInfo imageInfo = new ImageInfo();
         imageInfo.setParentID(999);
         imageInfo.setImgAddr("地球");
         imageInfoService.saveImageInfo(imageInfo);

         List list = imageInfoService.getImageInfoList(95);
         for(ImageInfo img : list){
             System.out.println("parentID:"+img.getParentID()+"------imgAddr:"+img.getImgAddr());
         }
     }
 }

三.通过JUnit 4 执行

右键方法名，选择则“Run As”→“JUnit Test”即可

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

然而当我执行时却报了第一个错误(之所以说是第一个是因为后面还有其他错误)，错误内容如下：

 java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hamcrest/SelfDescribing
     at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
     at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
     at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
     at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
     at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(Unknown Source)
     at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
     at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
     at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
     at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
     at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
     at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method)
     at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Unknown Source)
     at java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Unknown Source)
     at java.lang.Class.getConstructor(Unknown Source)
     at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:29)
     at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:21)
     at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
     at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
     at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
     at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:26)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.createUnfilteredTest(JUnit4TestLoader.java:84)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.createTest(JUnit4TestLoader.java:70)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.loadTests(JUnit4TestLoader.java:43)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:444)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
 Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hamcrest.SelfDescribing
     at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
     at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
     at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
     at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
     at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
     ... 29 more

上网查了一下，一般的解决方案是，换一个低一点的版本就好了。还有人说，是缺少hamcrest的包。去官网又看了一下，结果发现这样一段话：
junit.jar: Includes the Hamcrest classes. The simple all-in-one solution to get started quickly.Starting with version 4.11, Hamcrest is no longer included in this jar.
junit-dep.jar: Only includes the JUnit classes but not Hamcrest. Lets you use a different Hamcrest version.
注意部分的字，说明4.1.1中没有hamcrest包了。

最好的解决方法是：
使用是导入包的方案：junit.jar + hamcrest-core.jar + hamcrest-library.jar或者是：junit-dep.ajr+hancrest-all.jar

再次运行，又报错了，错误如下：

 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
     at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:122)
     at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
     at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:307)
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
     at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:284)
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:88)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
 Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Failed to read candidate component class: file [E:\workspace\ExpenseReimbursement\build\classes\Solin\Entity\ExpenseDetail.class]; nested exception is org.springframework.core.NestedIOException: ASM ClassReader failed to parse class file - probably due to a new Java class file version that isn't supported yet: file [E:\workspace\ExpenseReimbursement\build\classes\Solin\Entity\ExpenseDetail.class]; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
     at org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.findCandidateComponents(ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.java:290)
     at org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner.doScan(ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner.java:242)
     at org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser.parse(ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser.java:84)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandlerSupport.parse(NamespaceHandlerSupport.java:73)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1438)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1428)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.parseBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:195)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.doRegisterBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:139)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:108)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.registerBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:493)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:390)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:334)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:302)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:243)
     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:233)
     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:117)
     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100)
     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:248)
     at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:64)
     at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91)
     ... 25 more
 Caused by: org.springframework.core.NestedIOException: ASM ClassReader failed to parse class file - probably due to a new Java class file version that isn't supported yet: file [E:\workspace\ExpenseReimbursement\build\classes\Solin\Entity\ExpenseDetail.class]; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
     at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReader.(SimpleMetadataReader.java:56)
     at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:80)
     at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.CachingMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(CachingMetadataReaderFactory.java:102)
     at org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.findCandidateComponents(ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.java:266)
     ... 48 more
 Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
     at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.(Unknown Source)
     at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.(Unknown Source)
     at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.(Unknown Source)
     at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReader.(SimpleMetadataReader.java:53)
     ... 51 more

一点点搜吧，万能的stackoverflow啊，哈哈，老外同仁给出的解释：

Note that the Java 8 bytecode level (-target 1.8, as required by -source 1.8) is only fully supported as of Spring Framework 4.0. In particular, Spring 3.2 based applications need to be compiled with a maximum of Java 7 as the target, even if they happen to be deployed onto a Java 8 runtime. Please upgrade to Spring 4 for Java 8 based applications.

大概的意思就是java1.8版本只支持spring4.0以上。所以解决方法有2中①把sping版本换成4.0以上②把jdk调低点。

此处我选择把jdk调低点，再次运行，结果如下：

 测试Spring整合Junit4进行单元测试
 parentID:95------imgAddr:广东深圳
 parentID:95------imgAddr:广东深圳