Spring整合Junit4进行单元测试
一.加入依赖包
使用spring的测试框架需要加入以下依赖包：
JUnit 4 （官方下载：http://www.junit.org/）
Spring Test （Spring框架中的test包）
Spring 相关其他依赖包（不再赘述了，就是context等包）
如果使用maven，在基于spring的项目中添加如下依赖：
- <dependency>
- <groupId>junitgroupId>
- <artifactId>junitartifactId>
- <version>4.9version>
- <scope>testscope>
- dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
- <artifactId>spring-testartifactId>
- <version> 3.2.4.RELEASE version>
- <scope>providedscope>
- dependency>
二.创建测试类
1)基类,其实就是用来加载配置文件的
- package Solin.Test;
- import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
- import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
- import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
- @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) //使用junit4进行测试
- @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"}) //加载配置文件
- //------------如果加入以下代码，所有继承该类的测试类都会遵循该配置，也可以不加，在测试类的方法上///控制事务，参见下一个实例
- //这个非常关键，如果不加入这个注解配置，事务控制就会完全失效！
- //@Transactional
- //这里的事务关联到配置文件中的事务控制器（transactionManager = "transactionManager"），同时//指定自动回滚（defaultRollback = true）。这样做操作的数据才不会污染数据库！
- //@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = true)
- //------------
- public class BaseJunit4Test{
- }
解释下用到的注解:
@RunWith：用于指定junit运行环境，是junit提供给其他框架测试环境接口扩展，为了便于使用spring的依赖注入，spring提供了org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner作为Junit测试环境
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:applicationContext.xml","classpath:spring/buyer/applicationContext-service.xml"})
导入配置文件，这里我的applicationContext配置文件是根据模块来分类的。如果有多个模块就引入多个“applicationContext-service.xml”文件。如果所有的都是写在“applicationContext。xml”中则这样导入：
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = true)这里的事务关联到配置文件中的事务控制器（transactionManager = "transactionManager"），同时指定自动回滚（defaultRollback = true）。这样做操作的数据才不会污染数据库！
@Transactional:这个非常关键，如果不加入这个注解配置，事务控制就会完全失效！
AbstractTransactionalDataSourceSpringContextTests要想构建这一系列的无污染纯绿色事务测试框架就必须找
到这个基类！（即所有事务均不生效）
2）接着是我们自己的测试类- package Solin.Test;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
- import Solin.Entity.ImageInfo;
- import Solin.Service.ImageInfoService;
- public class ImageInfoTest extends BaseJunit4Test{
- @Autowired //自动注入
- private ImageInfoService imageInfoService;
- @Test
- @Transactional //标明此方法需使用事务
- @Rollback(false) //标明使用完此方法后事务不回滚,true时为回滚
- public void test(){
- System.out.println("测试Spring整合Junit4进行单元测试");
- ImageInfo imageInfo = new ImageInfo();
- imageInfo.setParentID(999);
- imageInfo.setImgAddr("地球");
- imageInfoService.saveImageInfo(imageInfo);
- List
list = imageInfoService.getImageInfoList(95); - for(ImageInfo img : list){
- System.out.println("parentID:"+img.getParentID()+"------imgAddr:"+img.getImgAddr());
- }
- }
- }
三.通过JUnit 4 执行
右键方法名，选择则“Run As”→“JUnit Test”即可
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然而当我执行时却报了第一个错误(之所以说是第一个是因为后面还有其他错误)，错误内容如下：
- java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hamcrest/SelfDescribing
- at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
- at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
- at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
- at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
- at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(Unknown Source)
- at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
- at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
- at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
- at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
- at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
- at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
- at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
- at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method)
- at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Unknown Source)
- at java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Unknown Source)
- at java.lang.Class.getConstructor(Unknown Source)
- at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:29)
- at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:21)
- at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
- at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
- at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
- at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:26)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.createUnfilteredTest(JUnit4TestLoader.java:84)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.createTest(JUnit4TestLoader.java:70)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestLoader.loadTests(JUnit4TestLoader.java:43)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:444)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
- Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hamcrest.SelfDescribing
- at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
- at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
- at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
- at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
- at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
- at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
- at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
- ... 29 more
junit.jar: Includes the Hamcrest classes. The simple all-in-one solution to get started quickly.Starting with version 4.11, Hamcrest is no longer included in this jar.
junit-dep.jar: Only includes the JUnit classes but not Hamcrest. Lets you use a different Hamcrest version.
注意部分的字，说明4.1.1中没有hamcrest包了。
最好的解决方法是：
使用是导入包的方案：junit.jar + hamcrest-core.jar + hamcrest-library.jar或者是：junit-dep.ajr+hancrest-all.jar
再次运行，又报错了，错误如下：
- java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
- at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
- at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:122)
- at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
- at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
- at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:307)
- at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
- at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
- at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
- at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:284)
- at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
- at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:88)
- at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
- at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
- at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
- at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
- at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
- at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
- at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
- at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
- at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
- at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
- Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Failed to read candidate component class: file [E:\workspace\ExpenseReimbursement\build\classes\Solin\Entity\ExpenseDetail.class]; nested exception is org.springframework.core.NestedIOException: ASM ClassReader failed to parse class file - probably due to a new Java class file version that isn't supported yet: file [E:\workspace\ExpenseReimbursement\build\classes\Solin\Entity\ExpenseDetail.class]; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- at org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.findCandidateComponents(ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.java:290)
- at org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner.doScan(ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner.java:242)
- at org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser.parse(ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser.java:84)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandlerSupport.parse(NamespaceHandlerSupport.java:73)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1438)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1428)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.parseBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:195)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.doRegisterBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:139)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:108)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.registerBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:493)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:390)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:334)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:302)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)
- at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:243)
- at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:233)
- at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:117)
- at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
- at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100)
- at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:248)
- at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:64)
- at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91)
- ... 25 more
- Caused by: org.springframework.core.NestedIOException: ASM ClassReader failed to parse class file - probably due to a new Java class file version that isn't supported yet: file [E:\workspace\ExpenseReimbursement\build\classes\Solin\Entity\ExpenseDetail.class]; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReader.
(SimpleMetadataReader.java:56) - at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(SimpleMetadataReaderFactory.java:80)
- at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.CachingMetadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(CachingMetadataReaderFactory.java:102)
- at org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.findCandidateComponents(ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.java:266)
- ... 48 more
- Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.
(Unknown Source) - at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.
(Unknown Source) - at org.springframework.asm.ClassReader.
(Unknown Source) - at org.springframework.core.type.classreading.SimpleMetadataReader.
(SimpleMetadataReader.java:53) - ... 51 more
Note that the Java 8 bytecode level (-target 1.8, as required by -source 1.8) is only fully supported as of Spring Framework 4.0. In particular, Spring 3.2 based applications need to be compiled with a maximum of Java 7 as the target, even if they happen to be deployed onto a Java 8 runtime. Please upgrade to Spring 4 for Java 8 based applications.
大概的意思就是java1.8版本只支持spring4.0以上。所以解决方法有2中①把sping版本换成4.0以上②把jdk调低点。
此处我选择把jdk调低点，再次运行，结果如下：
- 测试Spring整合Junit4进行单元测试
- parentID:95------imgAddr:广东深圳
- parentID:95------imgAddr:广东深圳