Django REST framework基础：视图和路由

DRF中的Request

在Django REST Framework中内置的Request类扩展了Django中的Request类，实现了很多方便的功能--如请求数据解析和认证等。

比如，区别于Django中的request从request.GET中获取URL参数，从request.POST中取某些情况下的POST数据。

在APIView中封装的request，就实现了请求数据的解析：

对于GET请求的参数我们通过request.query_params来获取。

对于POST请求、PUT请求的数据我们通过request.data来获取。

前戏

葫芦娃的故事

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "Q1mi" # Date: 2018/8/1 class Wa1(object): name = "红娃" def f1(self): print("力大无穷！") class Wa2(object): name = '橙娃' def f2(self): print('千里眼顺风耳！') class Wa3(object): name = '黄娃' def f3(self): print('钢筋铁骨！') class Wa4(object): name = '绿娃' def f4(self): print("会喷火！") class Wa5(object): name = '青蛙' def f5(self): print("会喷水！") class Jishuwa(Wa1, Wa3, Wa5): name = '奇数娃' def ff(self): print("我是{}, 我会:".format(self.name)) self.f1() self.f3() self.f5() class Oushuwa(Wa2, Wa4): name = '偶数娃' def ff(self): print("我是{}, 我会:".format(self.name)) self.f2() self.f4() dbg = Jishuwa() dbg.ff() zhq = Oushuwa() zhq.ff() # 直接定义一个基数娃 class Taowa(Wa1, Wa3, Wa5): name = '套娃' def ff(self): print("我是{}, 我会:".format(self.name)) self.f1() self.f3() self.f5() class Wawa(Taowa): pass print("=" * 120) a = Wawa() a.ff()

View Code

前提

序列化

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models


class CommentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Comment fields = "__all__" extra_kwargs = { "content": {"error_messages": {"required": "评论内容不能为空"}}, "article": {"error_messages": {"required": "文章不能为空"}} } class SchoolSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.School fields = "__all__"

初生牛犊之徒手垒代码阶段

视图

class SchoolView(APIView): def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): query_set = models.School.objects.all() ser_obj = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer(query_set, many=True) return Response(ser_obj.data) class SchoolDetail(APIView): def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs): obj = models.School.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() ser_obj = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer(obj) return Response(ser_obj.data)

小试牛刀之使用混合类阶段

视图

class SchoolView(GenericAPIView, mixins.ListModelMixin): queryset = models.School.objects.all() serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) class SchoolDetail(GenericAPIView, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin): queryset = models.School.objects.all() serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request, pk, *args, **kwargs) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

路由

url(r'school/$', views.SchoolView.as_view()),
url(r'school/(?P\d+)/$', views.SchoolDetail.as_view()),

牛气冲天之使用通用类

视图

class SchoolView(ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = models.School.objects.all()
    serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer class SchoolDetail(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = models.School.objects.all() serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

路由

同上

牛牛牛牛之使用视图集

视图

class SchoolView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.School.objects.all()
    serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

路由

url(r'school/$', views.SchoolView.as_view({
    "get": "list", "post": "create", })), url(r'school/(?P\d+)/$', views.SchoolView.as_view({ 'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'patch': 'partial_update', 'delete': 'destroy' })),

再来一牛之高级路由

视图

同上

路由

from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'school', views.SchoolView) urlpatterns += router.urls