一篇胎死腹中的Android文章——Dex文件结构解析

前言

国庆的时候,为了理解DexDiff算法,花了几天时间研究了下Dex的文件结构,算是有个整体的把握,这篇文章是在姜维的 《Android逆向之旅—解析编译之后的Dex文件格式》基础上,自己对Dex格式的理解,以防忘记,做一次备忘。在理解Dex文件格式之前,需要了解两个概念:

  • 字节序
  • LEB128格式

相关链接

  • 字节序
  • LEB128
  • dalvik-bytecode
  • dex-format
  • instruction-formats
  • constraints
  • dexformat

字节序

如果将值为0x12345678的32位整型从地址0x00000000开始保存,那么是如何存储的呢,有两种情况:

地址偏移 大端存储 小端存储
0x00000000 0x12 0x78
0x00000001 0x34 0x56
0x00000002 0x56 0x34
0x00000003 0x78 0x12

从上表中看到:

  • 如果使用大端存储:较高的有效字节(0x12)存放在较低的存储器地址(0x00000000),较低的有效字节(0x78)存放在较高的存储器地址(0x00000003)。
  • 如果使用小端存储:较高的有效字节(0x12)存放在较高的的存储器地址(0x00000003),较低的有效字节(0x78)存放在较低的存储器地址(0x00000000)。

而Dex文件格式中有一项是大小端标记,其真实值为0x12345678,但是它在文件中存储为0x78563412,因此Dex是典型的小端存储。

LEB128格式

LEB 128是一种基于1个字节的不定长度的编码方式 。如果第一个字节的最高位为1,则表示还需要下一个字节来继续补充描述 ,直到最后一个字节的最高位为0 。这种编码方式主要为了解决内存的浪费问题,当表示一个int类型的值时,最少只需要1个字节,最多需要5个字节进行表示。

那么问题来了,如果我们用正常方式来存储值为131的int类型,则需要整整4个字节,即0b 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000011 ,可以看到高3位都是无效位,浪费内存。这时候如果用LEB128编码进行存储,则可以表示为

10000011 00000001

可以看到,只需要2个字节就可以表示131。那么如何对上面的编码进行解码呢?

  • 初始化result=0,n=0,每操作完一个字节对n进行递增。
  • 循环开始,读取一个字节
  • 去除该字节最高位
  • 将其余字节左移7*n位 ,然后与result进行或运算连接
  • 递增n
  • 判断当前字节最高位是否是1且n是否小于5,如果是的话,回到第二步继续循环,直到最高位是0或者n>=5终止循环。
  • 这时候的result就是最终的值。

我们按照以上流程对10000011 00000001进行解码。

  • 读一个字节字节,得到10000011,去除最高位得到0000011,左移7*n位,此时n=0,无需左移,与result进行或运算,得到result=0000011
  • 递增n,此时n=1
  • 10000011的最高位是1,并且n<5,继续循环读取一个字节,得到00000001
  • 去除最高位得到0000001,左移7*n位,此时n=1,左移7位,得到00000010000000,与result进行或运算连接,得到result=00000010000011
  • 递增n,此时n=2
  • 00000001的最高位是0,终止循环。
  • 此时result=00000010000011,去除高位无效位后得到result=10000011,转换为10进制就是131.

那么代码里如何对LEB128编码格式进行解码呢。简单地看下aosp的实现。

public static int readUnsignedLeb128(Buffer in) {
    int result = 0;
    int cur;
    int count = 0;
    do {
        byte b = in.readByte();//读取一个字节
        cur = b & 0xff; //该字节与0b11111111进行与操作,得到的应该还是其本身,这一步操作是否必要? 为了对齐8位?
        result |= (cur & 0x7f) << (count * 7); //该字节与0b0111111进行与操作,去除最高位,然后左移7*count位数,与result进行或运算连接,左移是因为是小端存储
        count++;
    } while (((cur & 0x80) == 0x80) && count < 5);//与0b10000000,最高位是1并且小于5个字节则一直循环

    //10000 0000 是非法的LEB128序列,0用00000000表示
    if ((cur & 0x80) == 0x80) {
        throw new DexException("invalid LEB128 sequence");
    }

    return result;
}

构造解析文件

在解析文件格式之前,需要构造一个Dex,这个Dex我们以最简单为主。

新建一个新的类Hello.java,假设该文件位于$Test目录下。

public class Hello{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        System.out.println("Hello world!");
    }
}

进入$Test 目录,将源码编译成class文件。

javac Hello.java -source 1.7 -target 1.7

通过dx命令将class转为dex文件,dx命令位于 $AndroidSDK/build-tools/$version/dx下

dx --dex --output=Hello.dex Hello.class

当然我们可以直接在手机上运行该dex,通过adb push该dex到手机上直接运行,用dalvikvm运行,dalvikvm 会在 /data/dalvik-cache/ 目录下创建 .dex 文件 ,因此要求 ADB 执行 Shell时 对目录 /data/dalvik-cache/ 有读、写和执行的权限,因此要求手机是root的,或者用模拟器。

adb push Hellp.dex /sdcard/Hello.dex
adb root
adb shell
dalvikvm -cp /sdcard/Hello.dex Hello 

效果如下,可以看到输出了Hello world!

一篇胎死腹中的Android文章——Dex文件结构解析_第1张图片

用Beyond Compare打开,得到如图内容

一篇胎死腹中的Android文章——Dex文件结构解析_第2张图片

具体二进制内容如下

6465780A30333500B25DC890C98FC9101D7A1C391CB10CEDF77CD758725E91ACE002000070000000785634120000000000000000400200000E0000007000000007000000A800000003000000C400000001000000E800000004000000F00000000100000010010000B001000030010000760100007E0100008C01000098010000A1010000B8010000CC010000E0010000F4010000F7010000FB01000010020000160200001B0200000300000004000000050000000600000007000000080000000A000000080000000500000000000000090000000500000068010000090000000500000070010000040001000C0000000000000000000000000002000B000000010001000D00000002000000000000000000000001000000020000000000000002000000000000003002000000000000010001000100000024020000040000007010030000000E0003000100020000002902000008000000620000001A0101006E20020010000E000100000003000000010000000600063C696E69743E000C48656C6C6F20776F726C6421000A48656C6C6F2E6A61766100074C48656C6C6F3B00154C6A6176612F696F2F5072696E7453747265616D3B00124C6A6176612F6C616E672F4F626A6563743B00124C6A6176612F6C616E672F537472696E673B00124C6A6176612F6C616E672F53797374656D3B0001560002564C00135B4C6A6176612F6C616E672F537472696E673B00046D61696E00036F757400077072696E746C6E000100070E00030100070E78000000020000818004B0020109C80200000D000000000000000100000000000000010000000E000000700000000200000007000000A80000000300000003000000C40000000400000001000000E80000000500000004000000F0000000060000000100000010010000012000000200000030010000011000000200000068010000022000000E00000076010000032000000200000024020000002000000100000030020000001000000100000040020000

得到了这个Dex文件后我们就可以开始解析了。

Dex 文件结构解析

Dex文件头由下表组成

偏移地址 字节大小 备注
0x00 8 Magic,Dex文件魔数,值为 “dex\n035\0”或”dex\n037\0”
0x08 4 Checksum,使用alder32算法校验文件除去 maigc ,checksum 外余下的所有文件区域
0x0C 20 Signature,使用 SHA-1 算法 hash 除去 magic ,checksum 和 signature 外余下的所有文件区域
0x20 4 File Size,Dex文件大小
0x24 4 Header Size,Dex文件头大小,一般目前是0x70
0x28 4 Endian Tag,大小端标记,值为0x12345678,由于Dex是小端存储,所以Dex文件中保存为0x78563412
0x2C 4 Link Size,链接数据的大小
0x30 4 Link Off ,链接数据的偏移
0x34 4 Map Off,Map Item 的偏移地址,后面细说
0x38 4 String Ids Size ,所有用到的字符串大小
0x3C 4 String Ids Off,所有用到的字符串偏移
0x40 4 Type Ids Size,Dex中类型数据结构的大小
0x44 4 Type Ids Off,Dex中类型数据结构的偏移
0x48 4 Proto Ids Size,Dex中元数据信息数据结构的大小
0x4C 4 Proto Ids Off,Dex中元数据信息数据结构的偏移
0x50 4 Field Ids Size,Dex中字段信息数据结构的大小
0x54 4 Field Ids Off,Dex中字段信息数据结构的偏移
0x58 4 Method Ids Size,Dex中方法信息数据结构的大小
0x5C 4 Method Ids Off,Dex中方法信息数据结构的偏移
0x60 4 Class Defs Size,Dex中类信息数据结构的大小
0x64 4 Class Defs Off,Dex中类信息数据结构的偏移
0x68 4 Data Size,Dex中数据区域的大小
0x6C 4 Data Off,Dex中数据区域的偏移

有了上面这张表,接下来我们对刚才编译出来的Dex文件进行解析。为了便于输出一些内容,这里使用Okio读取Dex文件。引入依赖:

   compile 'com.squareup.okio:okio:1.11.0'

约定全局静态常量File类型的DEX指向刚才的Dex文件

private static final File DEX = new File("path/to/Hello.dex");

读取魔数

魔数占8个字节,读取开始地址的8个字节即为魔数。

BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
//8个字节
byte[] bytes = bufferedSource.readByteArray(8);
Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
buffer.write(bytes);
ByteString byteString = buffer.readByteString();
//输出16进制
Logger.e(TAG, "magic hex: %s", byteString.hex());
//输出文本内容
Logger.e(TAG, "magic string: %s", byteString.utf8());

输出结果:

这里写图片描述

可以看到,我们这个Dex的魔数值为dex\n035\0

读取CheckSum

CheckSum 占4个字节,继魔数后读取4个字节即可。

BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
//忽略魔数8个字节
bufferedSource.skip(8);
//4个字节
byte[] bytes = bufferedSource.readByteArray(4);
Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
buffer.write(bytes);
ByteString byteString = buffer.readByteString();
//输出16进制
Logger.e(TAG, "CheckSum hex: %s", byteString.hex());

输出结果:

这里写图片描述

这个值是如何计算而来的呢,其实就是Dex文件除了魔数和checksum的8+4个字节外的其他字节的adler32的值。计算算法如下:

BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(8);
bufferedSource.skip(4);

Adler32 adler32 = new Adler32();
adler32.update(bufferedSource.readByteArray());
long value = adler32.getValue();
Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
buffer.writeIntLe((int) value);
ByteString byteString = buffer.readByteString();
Logger.e(TAG, "checksum hex: %s", byteString.hex());

得到的结果和直接从Dex中读取的Checksum值是一样的。

读取Signature

Signature占的字节数比较大,有20个字节,读完Checksum后读取20个字节即Signature的值。

BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
//忽略魔数8个字节
bufferedSource.skip(8);
//忽略CheckSum 4个字节
bufferedSource.skip(4);
//20个字节
byte[] bytes = bufferedSource.readByteArray(20);
Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
buffer.write(bytes);
ByteString byteString = buffer.readByteString();
//输出16进制
Logger.e(TAG, "Signature hex: %s", byteString.hex());

输出结果:
这里写图片描述

同理,这个值是如何计算而来的呢,其实就是Dex文件除了魔数、checksum和Signature的8+4+4个字节外的其他字节的SHA-1的值。计算算法如下:

BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(8);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(20);
Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
buffer.writeAll(bufferedSource);
ByteString signature = buffer.sha1();
Logger.e(TAG, "signature hex: %s", signature.hex());

得到的结果和直接从Dex中读取的Signature值是一样的。

读取Dex文件大小

Dex文件大小占4个字节,读完Signature后读取4个字节即为值。

Logger.e(TAG, "file size from file: %s", DEX.length());
BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(8);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(20);
int readIntLe = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
Logger.e(TAG, "file size: %s", readIntLe);

Buffer fileBuffer = new Buffer();
fileBuffer.writeIntLe(readIntLe);
ByteString fileByteString = fileBuffer.readByteString();

Logger.e(TAG, "file size hex: %s", fileByteString);

输出结果

这里写图片描述

可以看到直接读取Dex的File文件大小和直接读取Dex中二进制文件大小值是一样的。

这里需要注意一点,Dex是小端存储,所以读取short,int,long等数据类型,都需要调用readShortLe、readIntLe、readLongLe等方法还原原始数据。

读取Dex文件头大小

Dex文件头大小占4个字节,读完Dex文件大小后读取4个字节即为值。

BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(8);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(20);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
int readIntLe = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
Logger.e(TAG, "header size: %s", readIntLe);
Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
buffer.writeIntLe(readIntLe);
ByteString byteString = buffer.readByteString();
Logger.e(TAG, "header size hex: %s", byteString);

输出结果:

这里写图片描述

读取Dex大小端标记

大小端标记位于Dex文件头后的4个字节,值为常量0x12345678,由于是Dex是小端存储,所以文件中存储为0x78563412,可以使用readIntLe方法还原为0x12345678常量。

BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(8);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(20);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
//还原小端存储的原始数据
buffer.writeInt(bufferedSource.readIntLe());
ByteString byteString = buffer.readByteString();
Logger.e(TAG, "endian tag hex: %s", byteString);

Link Size和Link Off各占4个字节,紧跟大小端标记后面。

BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(8);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(20);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
int readIntLe = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
Logger.e(TAG, "link size: %s", readIntLe);
Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
buffer.writeInt(readIntLe);
ByteString byteString = buffer.readByteString();
Logger.e(TAG, "link size hex: %s", byteString);

buffer.writeInt(bufferedSource.readIntLe());
byteString = buffer.readByteString();
Logger.e(TAG, "link off hex: %s", byteString);

运行结果:

这里写图片描述

说明这个Dex没有link段内容。

读取Map off

BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(8);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(20);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
buffer.writeInt(bufferedSource.readIntLe());
ByteString byteString = buffer.readByteString();
Logger.e(TAG, "map off: %s", byteString);

运行结果:

这里写图片描述

读取剩下的Dex文件头内容

剩下的Dex文件头都是成对存在的,分别是大小和偏移,有了上面的经验,这次我们直接读取整个文件头内容。

BufferedSource buffer = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
byte[] bytes = null;
ByteString of = null;

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(8);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "magic: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "checksum: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(20);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "signature: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "file size: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "header size: %s", of);


bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "endian_tag: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "link_size: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "link_off: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "map_off: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "string_ids_size: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "string_ids_off: %s", of);


bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "type_ids_size: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "type_ids_off: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "proto_ids_size: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "proto_ids_off: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "field_ids_size: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "field_ids_off: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "method_ids_size: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "method_ids_off: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "class_defs_size: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "class_defs_off: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "data_size: %s", of);

bytes = buffer.readByteArray(4);
of = ByteString.of(bytes);
Logger.e(TAG, "data_off: %s", of);

输出结果:

一篇胎死腹中的Android文章——Dex文件结构解析_第3张图片

解析Map off中的内容

读取到Map off的偏移地址后,该地址指向的是一个map items数据结构区域,从该地址开始的4个字节是Map items的大小n,之后跟着n个map item数据结构,而map item则是由四部分组成,分别是short类型的type,short类型的unuse,int类型的size,int类型offset。而map off中所有的map item,其实是有一部分内容和Dex 文件头中定义的size和off是重复冗余的。

map items可以用以下两张表总结:

名称 数据类型 大小
map items size int 4字节
map item n个map item map item 数据结构大小*(map items size)

map items的数据结构总结为:

名称 数据类型 大小
type short 2字节
unuse short 2字节
size int 4字节
offset int 4字节

type主要就是Dex文件头中的几个类型,可总结为下表

type值 type对应的数据结构
0x0000 Header
0x0001 String Ids
0x0002 Type Ids
0x0003 Proto Ids
0x0004 Field Id
0x0005 Methos Ids
0x0006 Class Defs
0x1000 Map List
0x1001 Type Lists
0x1002 Annotation Set Ref Lists
0x1003 Annotation Sets
0x2000 Class Datas
0x2001 Codes
0x2002 StringDatas
0x2003 DebugInfos
0x2004 Annotations
0x2005 EncodedArrays
0x2006 AnnotationsDirectories

接下来来读取map items中的数据结构

BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(8);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(20);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
int readIntLe = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
Logger.e(TAG, "map off: %s", readIntLe);


bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(readIntLe);
int mapSize = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
Logger.e(TAG, "map size: %s", mapSize);


for (int i = 0; i < mapSize; i++) {
    short type = bufferedSource.readShortLe();
    short unused = bufferedSource.readShortLe();
    int size = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
    int offset = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
    Logger.e(TAG, "type:0x%04x", type);
    Logger.e(TAG, "unused: %s", unused);
    Logger.e(TAG, "size: %s", size);
    Logger.e(TAG, "offset: %s", offset);
}

输出结果:

一篇胎死腹中的Android文章——Dex文件结构解析_第4张图片

解析String Ids区中的内容

这个区域中的数据非常重要,里面存储了整个Dex会用到的字符串资源。该区域存储的是size个字符串索引,真正的字符串存在对应的索引上。读取这n个offset很简单,只需要将string ids size和string ids off读出来,然后从string ids off处开始读取string ids size个int型数据就可以了。

BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(8);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(20);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);


//获得string size
int size = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
//获得string off
int offset = bufferedSource.readIntLe();


//移动到offset处
bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(offset);

//读取size个offset
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
    int readIntLe = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
    Logger.e(TAG, "offset:0x%08x", readIntLe);
    list.add(readIntLe);
    buffer.writeInt(readIntLe);
}

输出结果

一篇胎死腹中的Android文章——Dex文件结构解析_第5张图片

之后我们移动到第一个索引处开始读取真正的string,其数据结构为一个LEB 128编码的int型,之后跟着该int型的就是对应的字符串。因为后面会不断用到这些字符串,这里将其封装成函数。


public HashMap getStringTable() throws IOException {
    BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
    bufferedSource.skip(8);
    bufferedSource.skip(4);
    bufferedSource.skip(20);
    bufferedSource.skip(4);
    bufferedSource.skip(4);
    bufferedSource.skip(4);
    bufferedSource.skip(4);
    bufferedSource.skip(4);
    bufferedSource.skip(4);


    //获得string size
    int size = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
    //获得string off
    int offset = bufferedSource.readIntLe();


    //移动到offset处
    bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
    bufferedSource.skip(offset);

    //读取size个offset
    List list = new ArrayList<>();
    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        int readIntLe = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
        list.add(readIntLe);
        buffer.writeInt(readIntLe);
    }

    //移动到第一个索引开始解析
    int offset0 = list.get(0);
    bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
    bufferedSource.skip(offset0);

    buffer = new Buffer();
    buffer.writeAll(bufferedSource);

    HashMap hashMap = new HashMap();
    for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
        //读LEB 128,表示字符串长度
        int leb128 = readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);
        //解析真正的字符串
        String decode = decode(buffer, new char[leb128]);
        hashMap.put(i, decode);
    }
    return hashMap;
}

 public static int readUnsignedLeb128(Buffer in) {
    int result = 0;
    int cur;
    int count = 0;

    do {
        byte b = in.readByte();//读取一个字节
        cur = b & 0xff; //该字节与0b11111111进行与操作,得到的应该还是其本身,这一步操作是否必要? 为了对齐8位?
        result |= (cur & 0x7f) << (count * 7); //该字节与0b0111111进行与操作,去除最高位,然后左移7*count位数,与result进行或运算连接,左移是因为是小端存储
        count++;
    } while (((cur & 0x80) == 0x80) && count < 5);//与0b10000000,最高位是1并且小于5个字节则一直循环

    //10000 0000 是非法的LEB128序列,0用00000000表示
    if ((cur & 0x80) == 0x80) {
        throw new DexException("invalid LEB128 sequence");
    }

    return result;
}

public static String decode(Buffer in, char[] out) throws IOException {
    int s = 0;
    while (true) {
        char a = (char) (in.readByte() & 0xff);
        if (a == 0) {
            //字符串以\0结尾
            return new String(out, 0, s);
        }
        out[s] = a;
        if (a < '\u0080') {
            s++;
        } else if ((a & 0xe0) == 0xc0) {
            int b = in.readByte() & 0xff;
            if ((b & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
                throw new UTFDataFormatException("bad second byte");
            }
            out[s++] = (char) (((a & 0x1F) << 6) | (b & 0x3F));
        } else if ((a & 0xf0) == 0xe0) {
            int b = in.readByte() & 0xff;
            int c = in.readByte() & 0xff;
            if (((b & 0xC0) != 0x80) || ((c & 0xC0) != 0x80)) {
                throw new UTFDataFormatException("bad second or third byte");
            }
            out[s++] = (char) (((a & 0x0F) << 12) | ((b & 0x3F) << 6) | (c & 0x3F));
        } else {
            throw new UTFDataFormatException("bad byte");
        }
    }
}

输出如下:

一篇胎死腹中的Android文章——Dex文件结构解析_第6张图片

String data段主要知道对应索引的字符串即可,比如0x0000000d对应的是println字符串。

解析Type ids区中的内容

这个数据结构中存放的数据主要是描述dex中所有的类型,比如类类型,基本类型等信息。type_ids 区索引了 dex 文件里的所有数据类型 ,包括 class 类型 ,数组类型和基本类型 。我们从文件头中读取到size和off数据后,从off开始的地址读取size个数据即可,而off指向的地址,对应的数据结构是type在string table中的索引值。由于type区域后续还要用到,这里也封装成函数。

 public HashMap<Integer, String> getTypesIds() throws IOException {

        //获得刚才解析的字符串区域的内容
        HashMap<Integer, String> stringTable = getStringTable();

        BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
        bufferedSource.skip(8);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(20);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);

        //获得type索引个数
        int size = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
        //获取type偏移地址
        int offset = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
        //移动到索引处
        bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
        bufferedSource.skip(offset);


        HashMap<Integer, String> hashMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            //off开始的地址是int类型的数据结构
            int readIntLe = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
            //从字符串区域中获取type对应的字符串
            String typeString = stringTable.get(readIntLe);
            hashMap.put(i, typeString);
        }
        return hashMap;
    }

输出结果如下:

一篇胎死腹中的Android文章——Dex文件结构解析_第7张图片

解析Proto Ids区中的内容

这个区域的数据 method 的函数原型 。proto_ids 里的元素为 proto_id_item , 结构如下 :

名称 数据类型 大小
shorty_idx int 4字节
return_type_idx int 4字节
parameters_off int 4字节

parameters_off值如果大于0,则表示有参数,执行参数的偏移地址,前面四个自己表示参数个数n,后面紧跟n个short类型的type 索引。

解析代码如下:

 public HashMap<Integer, String> getProtoIds() throws IOException {
        // 获取字符串区域数据
        HashMap<Integer, String> stringTable = getStringTable();
        //获取类型区域数据
        HashMap<Integer, String> typesIds = getTypesIds();
        BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
        bufferedSource.skip(8);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(20);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);

        //读取Proto size
        int size = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
        //读取Proto off
        int offset = bufferedSource.readIntLe();

        //移动到偏移地址
        bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
        bufferedSource.skip(offset);

        HashMap<Integer, String> hashMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            //读取shorty_idx
            int shorty_idx = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
            //读取return_type_idx
            int return_type_idx = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
            //读取parameters_off
            int parameters_off = bufferedSource.readIntLe();

            String shortyString = stringTable.get(shorty_idx);
            String returnTypeString = typesIds.get(return_type_idx);

            List<String> parametersString = new ArrayList<>();
            //如果parameters_off大于0,则有参数
            if (parameters_off > 0) {
                BufferedSource source = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
                //移动到偏移处
                source.skip(parameters_off);
                //第一个自己是参数个数
                int parameterSize = source.readIntLe();
                for (int j = 0; j < parameterSize; j++) {
                    //循环读取参数类型
                    int typeIds = source.readShortLe();
                    String s = typesIds.get(typeIds);
                    parametersString.add(s);
                }
            }
            String format = String.format("%s %s %s", shortyString, returnTypeString, parametersString);
            hashMap.put(i, format);
        }
        return hashMap;
    }

输出结果:

一篇胎死腹中的Android文章——Dex文件结构解析_第8张图片

解析Field ids区中的内容

这个区域存储着Dex中所用Field。它指向的数据结构如下表所示:

名称 数据类型 大小
class_idx short 2字节
type_idx short 2字节
name_idx int 4字节

解析代码如下:

//获取字符串内容
HashMap<Integer, String> stringTable = getStringTable();
//获取type内容
HashMap<Integer, String> typesIds = getTypesIds();
BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(8);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(20);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);

//field 大小
int size = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
//field 索引
int offset = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
Logger.e(TAG, "field size: %s", size);
Logger.e(TAG, "field offset: %s", offset);

//移动到索引
bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(offset);

//循环读取size个field
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
    //读取class_idx
    int class_idx = bufferedSource.readShortLe();
    //读取type_idx
    int type_idx = bufferedSource.readShortLe();
    //读取name_idx
    int name_idx = bufferedSource.readIntLe();

    Logger.e(TAG, "index %s: %s %s %s", i, class_idx, type_idx, name_idx);

    String classString = typesIds.get(class_idx);
    String typeString = typesIds.get(type_idx);
    String nameString = stringTable.get(name_idx);

    Logger.e(TAG, "string %s: %s %s %s", i, classString, typeString, nameString);
}

输出结果:

这里写图片描述

解析Method Ids区中的内容

这个区索引了整个Dex中的方法。其指向的数据结构如下表所示

名称 数据类型 大小
class_idx short 2字节
proto_idx short 2字节
name_idx int 4字节

class_idx是type ids的一索引。proto_idx是proto ids的一个索引。name_idx是string区的一个索引。

解析代码如下:

public HashMap<Integer, String> getMethodIds() throws IOException {
        //获取字符串索引表
        HashMap<Integer, String> stringTable = getStringTable();
        //获取类型索引表
        HashMap<Integer, String> typesIds = getTypesIds();
        //获得原型索引表
        HashMap<Integer, String> protoIds = getProtoIds();
        BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
        bufferedSource.skip(8);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(20);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);
        bufferedSource.skip(4);

        //读取方法个数
        int size = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
        //读取偏移地址
        int offset = bufferedSource.readIntLe();

        //移动到偏移地址处
        bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
        bufferedSource.skip(offset);

        HashMap<Integer, String> hashMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            int class_idx = bufferedSource.readShortLe();
            int proto_idx = bufferedSource.readShortLe();
            int name_idx = bufferedSource.readIntLe();

            //获得class名
            String classString = typesIds.get(class_idx);
            //获得原型字符串
            String protoString = protoIds.get(proto_idx);
            //获得函数名
            String nameString = stringTable.get(name_idx);

            hashMap.put(i, String.format("%s %s %s", classString, protoString, nameString));
        }

        return hashMap;
    }

输出结果:

一篇胎死腹中的Android文章——Dex文件结构解析_第9张图片

解析class_defs区中的内容

这个区非常复杂,简单过一下。

名称 数据类型 大小
class_idx int 4字节
access_flags int 4字节
superclass_idx int 4字节
iterfaces_off int 4字节
source_file_idx int 4字节
annotations_off int 4字节
class_data_off int 4字节
static_value_off int 4字节

解析代码如下:

HashMap stringTable = getStringTable();
HashMap typesIds = getTypesIds();
HashMap protoIds = getProtoIds();
HashMap methodIds = getMethodIds();
BufferedSource bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(8);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(20);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);
bufferedSource.skip(4);

int size = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
int offset = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
Logger.e(TAG, "class def size: %s", size);
Logger.e(TAG, "class def offset: %s", offset);

bufferedSource = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
bufferedSource.skip(offset);


for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
    int class_idx = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
    int access_flags = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
    int superclass_idx = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
    int iterfaces_off = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
    int source_file_idx = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
    int annotations_off = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
    int class_data_off = bufferedSource.readIntLe();
    int static_value_off = bufferedSource.readIntLe();

    Logger.e(TAG, "class_idx: %s", typesIds.get(class_idx));
    Logger.e(TAG, "access_flags: %s", access_flags);
    Logger.e(TAG, "superclass_idx: %s", typesIds.get(superclass_idx));
    Logger.e(TAG, "iterfaces_off: %s", iterfaces_off);
    Logger.e(TAG, "source_file_idx: %s", stringTable.get(source_file_idx));
    Logger.e(TAG, "annotations_off: %s", annotations_off);
    Logger.e(TAG, "class_data_off: %s", class_data_off);
    Logger.e(TAG, "static_value_off: %s", static_value_off);

    if (iterfaces_off > 0) {
        BufferedSource interfaceBuffer = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
        interfaceBuffer.skip(iterfaces_off);
        int interfacesSize = interfaceBuffer.readIntLe();
        Logger.e(TAG, "interfacesSize: %s", interfacesSize);

        for (int j = 0; j < interfacesSize; j++) {
            int interfaceIndex = interfaceBuffer.readIntLe();
            String interfacesString = typesIds.get(interfaceIndex);
            Logger.e(TAG, "interfacesString: %s", interfacesString);
        }

    }

    if (annotations_off > 0) {

    }

    if (class_data_off > 0) {
        BufferedSource classDataBuffer = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
        classDataBuffer.skip(class_data_off);
        Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
        buffer.writeAll(classDataBuffer);


        int staticFieldsSize = readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);
        int instanceFieldsSize = readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);
        int directMethodsSize = readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);
        int virtualMethodsSize = readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);

        Logger.e(TAG, "staticFieldsSize: %s", staticFieldsSize);
        Logger.e(TAG, "instanceFieldsSize: %s", instanceFieldsSize);
        Logger.e(TAG, "directMethodsSize: %s", directMethodsSize);
        Logger.e(TAG, "virtualMethodsSize: %s", virtualMethodsSize);


        int fieldIndex = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < staticFieldsSize; j++) {
            fieldIndex += readUnsignedLeb128(buffer); // field index diff
            int accessFlags = readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);

            Logger.e(TAG, "field index diff: %s", fieldIndex);
            Logger.e(TAG, "accessFlags: %s", accessFlags);

        }


        fieldIndex = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < instanceFieldsSize; j++) {
            fieldIndex += readUnsignedLeb128(buffer); // field index diff
            int accessFlags = readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);

            Logger.e(TAG, "field index diff: %s", fieldIndex);
            Logger.e(TAG, "accessFlags: %s", accessFlags);

        }

        int methodIndex = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < directMethodsSize; j++) {
            methodIndex += readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);// method index diff
            int accessFlags = readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);
            int codeOff = readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);

            Logger.e(TAG, "methodIndex: %s", methodIndex);
            Logger.e(TAG, "methodIndexString: %s", methodIds.get(methodIndex));
            Logger.e(TAG, "accessFlags: %s", accessFlags);
            Logger.e(TAG, "codeOff: %s", codeOff);


            BufferedSource codeOffBuffer = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
            codeOffBuffer.skip(codeOff);

            short registersSize = codeOffBuffer.readShortLe();
            short insSize = codeOffBuffer.readShortLe();
            short outsSize = codeOffBuffer.readShortLe();
            short triesSize = codeOffBuffer.readShortLe();
            int debugInfoOff = codeOffBuffer.readIntLe();
            int insnsSize = codeOffBuffer.readIntLe();
            byte[] bytes = codeOffBuffer.readByteArray(insnsSize * 2);
            Buffer insnsBuffer = new Buffer();
            insnsBuffer.write(bytes);

            Logger.e(TAG, "registersSize: %s", registersSize);
            Logger.e(TAG, "insSize: %s", insSize);
            Logger.e(TAG, "outsSize: %s", outsSize);
            Logger.e(TAG, "triesSize: %s", triesSize);
            Logger.e(TAG, "debugInfoOff: %s", debugInfoOff);
            Logger.e(TAG, "insnsSize: %s", insnsSize);
            Logger.e(TAG, "insnsBuffer: %s", insnsBuffer);

        }

        methodIndex = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < virtualMethodsSize; j++) {
            methodIndex += readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);// method index diff
            int accessFlags = readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);
            int codeOff = readUnsignedLeb128(buffer);

            Logger.e(TAG, "methodIndex: %s", methodIndex);
            Logger.e(TAG, "methodIndexString: %s", methodIds.get(methodIndex));
            Logger.e(TAG, "accessFlags: %s", accessFlags);
            Logger.e(TAG, "codeOff: %s", codeOff);

            BufferedSource codeOffBuffer = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(DEX));
            codeOffBuffer.skip(codeOff);
        }
    }


    if (static_value_off > 0) {

    }


}

介绍语

本来想详细写下Dex文件结构的,没想到写着写着,越写越多,越写越不想写,于是这篇文章算半成品吧,胎死腹中了。。。。呵呵!

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