Mycat+MySQL实现分表分库实例
关于分库分表，Mycat已经帮我们在内部实现了路由的功能，我们只需要在Mycat中配置以下切分规则即可，对于开发者来说，我们就可以把Mycat看做是一个数据库，接下来我们开始搭建环境
1、准备：
Mycat是使用java写的数据库中间件，所以要运行Mycat前要准备要jdk的环境，要求是jdk1.7以上的环境。所以需要在系统中配置JAVA_HOME的环境变量，如果没有配置好启动Mycat会是这样的提示：
[root@LinuxCentOS6 bin]# ./mycat start
JAVA_HOME environment variable is not set
[root@LinuxCentOS6 bin]#
正确安装JDK：【运维笔记】Linux 安装 jdk1.8.0_191 指南
2、下载MyCat安装包：
从官网下载Mycat，http://dl.mycat.io/1.6-RELEASE/ 我们是基于CentOS6.5来搭建Mycat环境的，所以下载版本：
Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz
3、将下载好的安装包上传到服务器上并解压.解压之后目录结构如下：
[root@LinuxCentOS6 mycat]# pwd
/usr/local/mycat
[root@LinuxCentOS6 mycat]# ll
total 24
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 30 12:04 bin
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 Mar 1 2016 catlet
drwxrwxrwx. 4 root root 4096 Oct 30 13:55 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 30 12:04 lib
drwxrwxrwx. 3 root root 4096 Oct 30 13:55 logs
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 217 Oct 28 2016 version.txt
[root@LinuxCentOS6 mycat]#
4、配置名为db_sszh_mycat的逻辑库信息，将如下配置复制粘贴覆盖mycat/conf/schema.xml的内容：
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="db_sszh_mycat" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">
<table name="user" primaryKey="id" dataNode="db_sszh_01,db_sszh_02" rule="rule1" />
schema>
<dataNode name="db_sszh_01" dataHost="db_sszh" database="db_sszh_01" />
<dataNode name="db_sszh_02" dataHost="db_sszh" database="db_sszh_02" />
<dataHost name="db_sszh" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native">
<heartbeat>select user()heartbeat>
<writeHost host="server1" url="192.168.10.88:3306" user="root" password="123456"/>
dataHost>
mycat:schema>
说明：
db_sszh_mycat:表示在mycat中的逻辑表配置，逻辑表名称为：
user,映射到两个数据库节点dataNode中,切分规则为:rule1(在rule.xml配置)5、配置切分规则，将如下配置复制粘贴覆盖
mycat/conf/rule.xml的内容：<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <tableRule name="rule1"> <rule> <columns>idcolumns> <algorithm>mod-longalgorithm> rule> tableRule> <function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod"> <property name="count">2property> function> mycat:rule>说明：
- 这里定义的是切分规则，是按照id列进行切分，切分规则是采取取模的方式，
2
6、配置mycat服务器信息，将如下配置复制粘贴覆盖
mycat/conf/server.xml的内容<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <system> <property name="useSqlStat">0property> <property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0property> <property name="sequnceHandlerType">2property> <property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6.20property> <property name="processorBufferPoolType">0property> <property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535property> <property name="sequnceHandlerType">0property> <property name="backSocketNoDelay">1property> <property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1property> <property name="processorExecutor">16property> <property name="serverPort">8066property> <property name="managerPort">9066property> <property name="idleTimeout">300000property> <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0property> <property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096property> <property name="processors">32property> <property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0property> <property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1property> <property name="memoryPageSize">1mproperty> <property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1kproperty> <property name="useStreamOutput">0property> <property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384mproperty> <property name="useZKSwitch">trueproperty> system> <user name="root"> <property name="password">123456property> <property name="schemas">db_sszh_mycatproperty> <property name="readOnly">falseproperty> user> <user name="user"> <property name="password">123456property> <property name="schemas">db_sszh_mycatproperty> <property name="readOnly">trueproperty> user> mycat:server>7、新建数据库：
在数据库中创建两个数据库 db_sszh_01, db_sszh_01建库语句，略...8、分别在每个库中执行如下建表语句：
CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;9、启动MyCat，进入
/usr/local/mycat/bin目录，执行命令./mycat start：[root@LinuxCentOS6 bin]# pwd /usr/local/mycat/bin [root@LinuxCentOS6 bin]# ./mycat start Starting Mycat-server... Mycat-server is already running. [root@LinuxCentOS6 bin]#10、查看MyCat启动日志（位于
/usr/local/mycat/logs/wrapper.log），启动成功会有如下显示，默认端口8066：STATUS | wrapper | 2019/10/30 15:08:37 | --> Wrapper Started as Daemon STATUS | wrapper | 2019/10/30 15:08:37 | Launching a JVM... INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:37 | Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option MaxPermSize=64M; support was removed in 8.0 INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:38 | Wrapper (Version 3.2.3) http://wrapper.tanukisoftware.org INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:38 | Copyright 1999-2006 Tanuki Software, Inc. All Rights Reserved. INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:38 | INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:39 | 2019-10-30 15:08:39,098 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] total resouces of dataHost db_sszh is :1 (io.mycat.backend.datasource.PhysicalDBPool:PhysicalDBPool.java:100) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:39 | 2019-10-30 15:08:39,112 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] create layer cache pool TableID2DataNodeCache of type encache ,default cache size 10000 ,default expire seconds18000 (io.mycat.cache.CacheService:CacheService.java:125) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:39 | 2019-10-30 15:08:39,123 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] create child Cache: TESTDB_ORDERS for layered cache TableID2DataNodeCache, size 50000, expire seconds 18000 (io.mycat.cache.DefaultLayedCachePool:DefaultLayedCachePool.java:80) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:39 | 2019-10-30 15:08:39,699 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] dyna class load from ./catlet,and auto check for class file modified every 60 seconds (io.mycat.config.classloader.DynaClassLoader:DynaClassLoader.java:34) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:39 | 2019-10-30 15:08:39,699 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] =============================================== (io.mycat.MycatServer:MycatServer.java:266) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:39 | 2019-10-30 15:08:39,699 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] MyCat is ready to startup ... (io.mycat.MycatServer:MycatServer.java:267) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:39 | 2019-10-30 15:08:39,699 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] Startup processors ...,total processors:32,aio thread pool size:16 INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:39 | each process allocated socket buffer pool bytes ,a page size:2097152 a page's chunk number(PageSize/ChunkSize) is:512 buffer page's number is:40 (io.mycat.MycatServer:MycatServer.java:279) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:39 | 2019-10-30 15:08:39,699 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] sysconfig params:SystemConfig [processorBufferLocalPercent=100, frontSocketSoRcvbuf=1048576, frontSocketSoSndbuf=4194304, backSocketSoRcvbuf=4194304, backSocketSoSndbuf=1048576, frontSocketNoDelay=1, backSocketNoDelay=1, maxStringLiteralLength=65535, frontWriteQueueSize=4096, bindIp=0.0.0.0, serverPort=8066, managerPort=9066, charset=utf8, processors=32, processorExecutor=16, timerExecutor=2, managerExecutor=2, idleTimeout=300000, catletClassCheckSeconds=60, sqlExecuteTimeout=300, processorCheckPeriod=1000, dataNodeIdleCheckPeriod=300000, dataNodeHeartbeatPeriod=10000, clusterHeartbeatUser=_HEARTBEAT_USER_, clusterHeartbeatPass=_HEARTBEAT_PASS_, clusterHeartbeatPeriod=5000, clusterHeartbeatTimeout=10000, clusterHeartbeatRetry=10, txIsolation=3, parserCommentVersion=50148, sqlRecordCount=10, bufferPoolPageSize=2097152, bufferPoolChunkSize=4096, bufferPoolPageNumber=40, maxResultSet=524288, bigResultSizeSqlCount=10, bufferUsagePercent=80, flowControlRejectStrategy=0, clearBigSqLResultSetMapMs=600000, defaultMaxLimit=100, sequnceHandlerType=0, sqlInterceptor=io.mycat.server.interceptor.impl.DefaultSqlInterceptor, sqlInterceptorType=select, sqlInterceptorFile=/usr/local/mycat/logs/sql.txt, mutiNodeLimitType=0, mutiNodePatchSize=100, defaultSqlParser=druidparser, usingAIO=0, packetHeaderSize=4, maxPacketSize=16777216, mycatNodeId=1] (io.mycat.MycatServer:MycatServer.java:280) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,243 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] useOffHeapForMerge = 1 (io.mycat.memory.MyCatMemory:MyCatMemory.java:53) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,243 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] memoryPageSize = 1m (io.mycat.memory.MyCatMemory:MyCatMemory.java:54) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,243 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] spillsFileBufferSize = 1k (io.mycat.memory.MyCatMemory:MyCatMemory.java:55) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,243 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] useStreamOutput = 0 (io.mycat.memory.MyCatMemory:MyCatMemory.java:56) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,243 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] systemReserveMemorySize = 384m (io.mycat.memory.MyCatMemory:MyCatMemory.java:57) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,249 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] totalNetWorkBufferSize = 80MB (io.mycat.memory.MyCatMemory:MyCatMemory.java:58) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,250 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] dataNodeSortedTempDir = /usr/local/mycat (io.mycat.memory.MyCatMemory:MyCatMemory.java:59) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,251 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] mycat.memory.offHeap.size: 1321MB (io.mycat.memory.MyCatMemory:MyCatMemory.java:122) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,254 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] using nio network handler (io.mycat.MycatServer:MycatServer.java:381) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,273 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] $_MyCatManager is started and listening on 9066 (io.mycat.MycatServer:MycatServer.java:397) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,273 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] $_MyCatServer is started and listening on 8066 (io.mycat.MycatServer:MycatServer.java:401) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,274 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] =============================================== (io.mycat.MycatServer:MycatServer.java:403) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,274 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] Initialize dataHost ... (io.mycat.MycatServer:MycatServer.java:407) INFO | jvm 1 | 2019/10/30 15:08:40 | 2019-10-30 15:08:40,274 [INFO ][WrapperSimpleAppMain] init backend myqsl source ,create connections total 10 for server1 index :0 (io.mycat.backend.datasource.PhysicalDBPool:PhysicalDBPool.java:294)11、启动失败中的一种错误提示：
INFO | jvm 4 | 2019/10/30 13:51:15 | sun.management.AgentConfigurationError: java.net.MalformedURLException: Local host name unknown: java.net.UnknownHostException: LinuxCentOS6: LinuxCentOS6: Name or service not known解决办法：
修改hosts文件，绑定主机名，我的主机名为LinuxCentOS6（这里要设置成自己的主机名）：[root@LinuxCentOS6 bin]# vim /etc/hosts ~ 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.10.88 LinuxCentOS6 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 ~ ~ ~ :wq [root@LinuxCentOS6 bin]#重新启动mycat服务，命令：
./mycat start
查看MyCat进程，命令：ps -ef |grep mycat12、测试连接MyCat：
linux连接MyCat操作，命令格式：
mysql -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机地址 -P端口号 -D数据库名称：[root@LinuxCentOS6 logs]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.10.88 -P8066 -Ddb_sszh_mycat Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.20-mycat-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [db_sszh_mycat]> select * from user; +----+---------+ | id | name | +----+---------+ | 2 | 张三 | | 4 | 李四 | | 6 | 王五 | | 8 | 赵六 | | 1 | A米 | | 3 | T利 | | 5 | 凯瑞 | | 7 | 芥末 | +----+---------+ 8 rows in set (0.002 sec)JDBC连接MyCat，连接字符串：
jdbc:mysql://192.168.10.88:8066/db_sszh_mycat?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=falseNavicat连接工具连接MyCat，如图所示：
主机192.168.10.88:3306，Mysql物理数据库db_sszh_01数据库数据：
主机192.168.10.88:3306，Mysql物理数据库db_sszh_02数据库数据：
主机192.168.10.88:8066，MyCat逻辑库db_sszh_mycat数据库数据：
注：以上内容仅提供参考和交流，请勿用于商业用途，如有侵权联系本人删除！
持续更新中…
如有对思路不清晰或有更好的解决思路，欢迎与本人交流，QQ群：273557553
你遇到的问题是小编创作灵感的来源！
你可能感兴趣的:(数据库)