安装oracle 11gR2单实例+ASM

1.创建ORACLE用户和组成员

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba
groupadd asmoper

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper -d /home/oracle oracle                  (命令自动创建/home/oracle目录)

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid grid    (命令 自动创建/home/grid目录 )

2.分别创建oracle、grid用户的密码
passwd oracle
new unix password: oracle

passwd grid

new unix password: grid

//创建以下目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
mkdir -p /u02/arch
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02
chmod -R 775 /u01

chmod -R 775 /u02

4.使用oracle用户登陆，设置oracle用户的环境变量

//增加以下几行

[oracle@ctp-dbserver ~]$ vim .bash_profile

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8

umask 022

5.使用grid域名登陆，设置grid用户的环境变量
//增加以下几行
[grid@ctp-dbserver ~]$ vim .bash_profile

export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin :$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

10.将必要的 安装文件上传至服务器
如:
//oracle用户 安装软件 ，存放/u02下

linux_11gR2_database_1of2       （11.2.0.1）

linux_11gR2_database_2of2         （ 11.2.0.1）

linux_11gR2_grid                          （ 11.2.0.1）

或者

p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip   （ 11.2.0.3）

p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip    （ 11.2.0.3）

p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip     （ 11.2.0.3）

//ASM使用的3个rpm包  存放/root下
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm 
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm 

oracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5.x86_64.rpm

//安装依赖的rpm包   存放/root下，按照实际系统配置决定，有的包已经 安装；

查看需要哪些包：

官方文档--http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/index.htm    ---> Installing and Upgrading---> Database Client Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86---> 4  Checking the Software Requirements-----> 4.3  Package Requirements

The following or later version of packages for Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 should be installed:

binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106 
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2 
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2

 ​​unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm  （执行/u02/grid/runInstaller​​需要）

​

//可先 rpm -qa |grep 查找是否有缺失未 安装 的rpm包

#rpm -ivh *.rpm

三、 安装oralce和ASM组件

给磁盘创建分区

[root@rac1 ~]# cd /dev/

[root@rac1 dev]# ls -l sd*

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  0 Sep 12 17:27 sda

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  1 Sep 12 17:28 sda1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  2 Sep 12 17:27 sda2

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  3 Sep 12 17:28 sda3

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 16 Sep 12 17:27 sdb

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 32 Sep 12 17:27 sdc

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 48 Sep 12 17:27 sdd

 

fdisk dev/sdb

N新建分区

P创建主分区

1 分区数1个

回车

回车

W保存

依次 fdisk  dev/sdc

fdisk  dev/sdd

 

[root@rac1 dev]# ll sd*

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  0 Sep 12 17:27 sda

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  1 Sep 12 17:28 sda1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  2 Sep 12 17:27 sda2

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8,  3 Sep 12 17:28 sda3

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 16 Sep 12 17:51 sdb

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 17 Sep 12 17:51 sdb1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 32 Sep 12 17:51 sdc

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 33 Sep 12 17:51 sdc1

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 48 Sep 12 17:51 sdd

brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 49 Sep 12 17:52 sdd1

1. 安装 ASM
//说明：asm组件的 安装 需要3个asm--rpm包的支持，oracleasm rpm需要和linux 系统的内核对应

查看linux系统内核：

#uname -rm 

2.6.18 -92.el5  i686

 

oracleasm 包要求：

oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm         //此包必须和linux kernel 一致
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm                         //此包根据要官网说明
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm              //此包根据要官网说明

  

[root@薄刀刀 ~]# rpm -ivh *.rpm

warning: oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:oracleasm-support      ########################################### [ 33%]
   2:oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el########################################### [ 67%]

   3:oracleasmlib           ########################################### [100%]

//参考：下载地址

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/downloads/rhel5-084877.html 

Oracle ASMLib 2.0

Intel IA32 (x86) Architecture

Library and Tools

• oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm
• oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm

Drivers for kernel 2.6.18-92.el5

• oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5xen-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
• oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5debug-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
• oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5PAE-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
• oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5-debuginfo-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
• oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm

 

2.配置ASM 
root用户登录，（本次 安装为单 实例），执行：
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver.  The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have.  The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]').  Hitting without typing an
answer will keep that current value.  Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface []: grid

Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver:                     [  OK  ]

Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks:               [  OK  ]

3.创建ASM磁盘
[root@薄刀刀 ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATA1 /dev/sdb1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATA2 /dev/sdc1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# 
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATA3 /dev/sdd1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# 
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# oracleasm listdisks
DATA1
DATA2
DATA3

5. 安装grid组

[root@bj u02]# su - grid

[grid@bj ~]$ cd /u02
[grid@bj u02]$ ls
arch
linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
linux_11gR2_grid.zip
oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm
[grid@bj u02]$ unzip linux_11gR2_grid.zip

[grid@bj u02]$ cd grid/

打开xmanager-passive（window XP）

[grid@bj grid]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0   （ xmanager软件锁在IP）
[grid@bj grid]$ ./runInstaller

[root@bj grid]# cd /u01/app/oraInventory/
[root@bj oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh 
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

[root@bj oraInventory]# cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/
[root@bj grid]# ./root.sh 
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= grid
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 回车
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Stand-Alone Server run the following command as the root user:
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl
To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster perform the following steps:
1. Provide values for Grid Infrastructure configuration parameters in the file - /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params. For details on how to do this, see the installation guide. 
2. Run the following command as the root user:
 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl
To update inventory properties for Grid Infrastructure, perform the following
steps. If a pre-11.2 home is already configured, execute the following:
11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller -updateNodeList -silent -local CRS=false ORACLE_HOME=pre-11.2_Home
Always execute the following to register the current home:
11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller -updateNodeList -silent -local CRS=true ORACLE_HOME=11.2_Home.
If either home is shared, provide the additional argument -cfs.

[root@bj grid]# 

在ORACLE 单实例执行./root.sh后，显示上述红色文件， 大意是说，配置grid为一个独立的节点（单实例）需要root用户，执行roothas.pl命令

否则后面的creatasm将会出错。

 

[root@bj grid]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl
2014-05-17 13:21:15: Checking for super user privileges
2014-05-17 13:21:15: User has super user privileges
2014-05-17 13:21:15: Parsing the host name
Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
LOCAL ADD MODE 
Creating OCR keys for user 'grid', privgrp 'oinstall'..
Operation successful.
CRS-4664: Node bj successfully pinned.
Adding daemon to inittab
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
ohasd is starting
bj     2014/05/17 13:22:36     /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/bj/backup_20140517_132236.olr
Successfully configured Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server
[root@bj grid]# 

执行完命令，点击图形界面的OK，CLOSE

 

6,使用ASMCA创建ASM磁盘组

//ASMCA创建磁盘介绍

//因在硬件上采用了RAID5做冗余，在此将选择Extenal即可 

[grid@bj bin]$su - grid

[grid@bj bin]$ pwd

/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin

[grid@bj bin]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0
[grid@bj bin]$ ./asmca

输入密码oracle

点击Specify Disk Gruop  制定磁盘组

点击“OK”

点击右下角“CREATE ASM” ，提示输入的密码过于简单，点击YES继续

弹出窗口，提示

ASM created and started successfully.
DiskGroup DATA created successfully.

点击“ok”

点击EXIT退出

7，安装oracle软件

[oracle@bj u02]$ su - oracle

[oracle@bj u02]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip 

[oracle@bj u02]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip 

[oracle@bj database]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0
[oracle@bj database]$ ./runInstaller

DBCA建库

[oracle@bj bin]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0
[oracle@bj bin]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbca

Operations：选择“创建一个数据库”

 数据库模版 ：定制

数据库标识：全局数据库名 orcl
                 SID前缀：   orcl

管理选项  去除“使用E M配置数据库”前面的勾
             去除“自动维护任务”前面的勾

数据库身份证明， 所有账户使用同一口令 ，输入口令oracle 两次

 

存储类型Sotrage Type : Automatic  Storage Management（ASM）
存储LOCATION     选择Use Common Location for All Database fILES
                     Database Files location +DATA

 
Recovery   FLASHBACK 不选
           ENABLEARCHIVING 不选

database components 全不选

 
standard database compoents 全部选

初始化参数   内存：选择典型，百分比为40%  ，使用自动内存管理。

  调整大小。BLOCKK SIZE 8192 ,进程选择300

字符集  数据库字符集选择ZHS16GBK 国家字符集选择AL16UTF16

连接模式，选择专用服务器模式

创建选项   创建数据库选项，创建脚本选项，并单击 完成 以启动数据库创建过程

---------

参考文档：http://linuxxx.blog.51cto.com/1824808/1040165 感谢寒枫的博客

              http://www.verydemo.com/demo_c128_i55519.html

              http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24323/toc.htm#CEGIHDBF 感谢ORACLE官方