【Java 开发】mac 设置 MySQL 数据库默认编码（字符集）为 UTF-8

鉴于有些刚接触 MySQL 数据库的人，经常会碰到数据库中文显示的问题，MySQL 数据库刚安装时默认编码是 latin1，所以如果在数据库建表的时候没有设置 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 的话，就会导致数据库无法设置或显示中文的问题，下面给出在 Mac 下将 MySQL 的默认编码改为 UTF-8。

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查看自己的 MySQL 的编码方式

• 先连接 MySQL 数据库 ，在终端输入以下命令，回车后输入 MySQL 的密码。

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
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• 然后输入以下命令查看自己的 MySQL 的编码方式。

show variables like '%char%';
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修改 MySQL 的默认编码

• 进入到 /usr/local/mysql/support-files 目录，找到 my-default.cnf文件，将其复制到桌面上，重命名为 my.cnf 。

• 右键桌面上的 my.cnf 文件，打开方式选择 文本编辑 ，然后将全部内容替换为下面代码。

# Example MySQL config file for small systems.  
#  
# This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used  
# from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon  
# doesn't use much resources.  
#  
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of  
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.  
# You can copy this option file to one of those  
# locations. For information about these locations, see:  
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html  
#  
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.  
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program  
# with the "--help" option.  
   
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients  
[client]  
default-character-set=utf8  
#password   = your_password  
port        = 3306 
socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock  
   
# Here follows entries for some specific programs  
   
# The MySQL server   
[mysqld]  
default-storage-engine=INNODB  
character-set-server=utf8  
collation-server=utf8_general_ci  
port        = 3306 
socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock  
skip-external-locking  
key_buffer_size = 16K  
max_allowed_packet = 1M  
table_open_cache = 4 
sort_buffer_size = 64K  
read_buffer_size = 256K  
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K  
net_buffer_length = 2K  
thread_stack = 128K  
   
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,  
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.  
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.  
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows  
# (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!  
#   
#skip-networking  
server-id   = 1 
   
# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates  
#log-bin=mysql-bin  
   
# binary logging format - mixed recommended  
#binlog_format=mixed  
   
# Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be  
# written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that  
# there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional  
# tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM  
# t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master.  
#binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE  
   
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables  
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend  
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %  
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high  
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M  
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M  
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size  
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M  
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M  
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 
   
[mysqldump]  
quick  
max_allowed_packet = 16M  
   
[mysql]  
no-auto-rehash  
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL  
#safe-updates  
   
[myisamchk]  
key_buffer_size = 8M  
sort_buffer_size = 8M  
   
[mysqlhotcopy]  
interactive-timeout 
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• 将修改后的文件 my.cnf 复制到 /etc 目录下。

• 重启 MySQL 数据库就 ok 了。

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大概步骤就是这样了，重启完数据库后可以再按照一开始的方法，看一下自己 MySQL 的数据库编码有没有变成 UTF-8 ，最后附上本文的 参考地址 。

将来的你，一定会感激现在拼命的自己，愿自己与读者的开发之路无限美好。

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