AngularJS 1.x系列:AngularJS服务-Service、Factory、Provider、Value及Constant(5)

1. AngularJS服务

  AngularJS可注入类型包括:Service、Factory、Provider、Value及Constant。

2. Service

  AngularJS Service是封装了一些特定业务逻辑的单例对象在每个应用中只会被实例化一次(由$injector实例化),且延迟加载(需要时才会创建)

  AngularJS Service对外提供方法供其他组件调用。

2.1 AngularJS内置Service对象

  AngularJS内置30多个服务。

  1>. $location:返回当前页面的 URL 地址

DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js">script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.controller("HelloCtrl", ["$scope", "$location", function ($scope, $location) {
            $scope.url = $location.absUrl();
        }]);
    script>
head>
<body>
    <div ng-controller="HelloCtrl">
        {{ url }}
    div>
body>
html>

  2>.$timeout:在指定的毫秒数后调用函数或计算表达式,只执行一次

DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js">script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.controller("HelloCtrl", ["$scope", "$timeout", function ($scope, $timeout) {
            $scope.text = "Hello World!";
            $timeout(function () {
                $scope.text = "Hello AngularJS!";
            }, 2000);
        }]);
    script>
head>
<body>
    <div ng-controller="HelloCtrl">
        {{ text }}
    div>
body>
html>

  3>.$interval:按照指定的周期(以毫秒计)来调用函数或计算表达式,会多次不停地调用执行。

DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js">script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.controller("HelloCtrl", ["$scope", "$interval", function ($scope, $interval ) {
            $scope.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
            $interval (function () {
                $scope.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
            }, 1000);
        }]);
    script>
head>
<body>
    <div ng-controller="HelloCtrl">
        {{ time }}
    div>
body>
html>

  不使用 $interval 服务的情况下,运用 $apply显示时间。

DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js">script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.controller("HelloCtrl", ["$scope", function ($scope) {
            $scope.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
            $scope.setTime = function() {
                // $apply访问并修改数据
                $scope.$apply (function () {
                    $scope.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
                });
            }

            setInterval($scope.setTime, 1000);
        }]);
    script>
head>
<body>
    <div ng-controller="HelloCtrl">
        {{ time }}
    div>
body>
html>

2.2 自定义服务

  AngularJS自定义服务语法格式:

var app = angular.module("app", []);
app.service("serviceName", function(){
    // 属性、方法
});

  其中:

    第一个参数:Service名称

    第二个参数:Service对象的构造函数,可以定义属性和方法来封装处理一些逻辑。

  示例:

DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js">script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.controller("HelloCtrl", ["$scope", "$datetime", function ($scope, $datetime) {
            $scope.time = $datetime.getTime();
        }]);
        app.service("$datetime", function(){
            this.getTime = function() {
                return new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
            };
        });
    script>
head>
<body>
    <div ng-controller="HelloCtrl">
        {{ time }}
    div>
body>
html>

  示例:

DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js">script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.controller("HelloCtrl", ["$scope", "$interval", "$datetime", function ($scope, $interval, $datetime) {
            $interval (function () {
                $scope.time = $datetime.getTime();
            }, 1000);
        }]);
        app.service("$datetime", function(){
            this.getTime = function() {
                return new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
            };
        });
    script>
head>
<body>
    <div ng-controller="HelloCtrl">
        {{ time }}
    div>
body>
html>

  示例:在自定义的Service中可以注入其他Service对象。

DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js">script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.run(["$datetime", function ($datetime) {
            $datetime.getTime();
        }]);
        app.service("$datetime", ["$interval", "$log", function($interval, $log) {
            this.getTime = function() {
                $interval (function () {
                    $log.info(new Date().toLocaleTimeString());
                }, 1000);
            };
        }]);
    script>
head>
<body>
body>
html>

3. Factory

 

4. Provider

 

5. Constant

  constant创建的服务用来返回一个常量。

  constant语法格式:

var app = angular.module("app", []);
app.constant(name, value);

  其中,

    参数name:创建服务的名称

    value:一个常量,与服务名称对应的常量值或对象。当注入该服务之后,可以直接调用服务名对应的常量。

6. Value

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