赖世雄美语从头学初级篇（上）Lesson 043 Killing Two Birds with One Stone 两全其美

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I. Reading 阅读

Dan must take a day off tomorrow. he has to take care of his sick mother. He ought to talk to his boss, but he's afraid. His boss might get angry with him. What should Dan do? He can take the work home. This way, he can kill two birds with one stone.

丹明天必须请一天假.他得照顾他生病的母亲。他应当向他的老板说的，但他怕。他的老板也许会生他的气。丹该怎么办呢?他可以把工作带回家去。这样他就能两全其美。

II. Vocabulary&ldioms 单词短语注解

1. must [mʌst] aux. 必须
   例: You must have a driver's license to drive a car.
   (你必须要有驾驶执照才能开车。)
2. take a day off 请一天假
   take two days off 请两天假
   例: Last week I was sick, so I took two days off from work.
   (上星期我病了，所以我请了两天假。)
3. tomorrow [tə'mɔro] adv. 明天
   today [tə'de] adv. 今天
   yesterday [ˈjɛstɚdɪ;-de] adv. 昨天
   the day after tomorrow 后天
   the day before yesterday 前天
   4.have to+动词原形 必须·····
   =must+动词原形
   例: I have to work all weekend.
   (整个周末我都必须工作。)
4. take care of... 照顾......
   =look after...
   care [kɛr] n. 关怀，照料
   例: Can you take care of my dog for a few days?
   (你可以帮我照顾我的狗几天吗?)
5. sick [sɪk] a.生病的
6. ought [ɔt] aux.应该(使用时，之后应接to，再接动词原形)
   ought to+动词原形 应该·····
   =should+动词原形
   例: You ought to be more polite.
   (你应该要更有礼貌些。)
7. talk [tɔk] vi. 谈话
   talk to+人 对某人说话
   例: You have to talk to your parents about your marriage plans.
   (你应该将你结婚的计划告诉你的父母。)
8. boss [bɔs] n.老板，上司
9. afraid [ə'fred] a.害怕的
   be afraid to+动词原形 害怕·····
   例: Don't be afraid to speak English.
   (别害怕开口说英文。)
10. might [maɪt] aux.也许，大概
    例: Bill might go to the party.
    (比尔大概会去参加宴会。)
11. get angry with+人 生某人的气
    angry [ˈæŋgrɪ] a.生气的
    注意:
    angry之前可置be动词或动词get，但意思略有区别。使用get时，强调动作刹那间的发生；使用be动词时，则强调持续的状态。
    例: He got angry with me when I broke the window, and he is still angry now.
    (我把窗戶打破时,他生我的气,而且到现在他还在气呢。)
12. should [ʃəd; strong form ʃʊd] aux. 应该
    例: You should brush your teeth three times a day.
    (你一天应该刷三次牙。)
13. work [wɝk] n.工作(不可数)
    例: I don't have much work to do this afternoon.
    (今天下午我没有许多工作要做。)
14. this way 以这种方式，这样的话
    way [we] n.方式
    例: Let's work together. This way, we can finish the project sooner.
    (我们一起工作吧。这样的话，我们就可以早一点将工作做完。)
15. can [kæn] aux. 能夠
    例: Ted can swim very fast.
    (特德游泳可以游得很快。)
16. kill two birds with one stone
    一石两名；两全其美；一举两得
    kill [kɪl] vt. 杀死
    bird [bɝd] n. 鸟
    stone [ston] n. 石头
    例: Charlie can study and work at the same time. This way, he kills two birds with one stone.
    (査利可以一边读书一边工作。这样他就可以两全其美了。)

III. Grammar Points 语法重点

1. 本课旨在协助读者熟悉常用的一些助动词(亦指情态动词)及其用法。这些助动词有一个共同特征它们之后皆接动词原形。
   a. Dan must take a day off tomorrow.
   (丹明天必须请假一天。)
   He has to take care of his sick mother.
   (他得照顾他生病的母亲。)
   以上两句中的must及has to(have to的第三人称单数用法)均表示“必须”，但有其同异处。

1. 表示道德或义务(如爱国、孝顺父母)的“必须”时，只能使用must。have to则表示有勉强意味(不得不去做)的“必须”，此时亦可使用must。
   例: You have to love your country. ( X )
   You must love your country. ( O )
   (你必须爱国家。)
   You have to finish the work before you can go home.
   = You must finish the work before you can go home.
   (你得做完工作才能回家。)
2. must通常只能用来表示现在或未来的状况，不能用于过去时中。而have to除可表示现在或未来的状况外，亦可改为过去式had to，使用于过去时中。
   例: He must stay here now.
   =He has to stay here now.
   (他现在必须留下来。)
   He must come here tomorrow.
   = He has to come here tomorrow.
   (他明天必须来。)
   He must stay here yesterday. ( X )
   He had to stay here yesterday. ( O )
   (他昨天必须留下来。)
   b. He ought to talk to his boss, but he's afraid.
   (他应当向他的老板说的，但他怕。)
   What should Dan do?
   (丹该怎么办吧?)
   在“单词短语注解”中，我们已说明ought to与should均表“应该”，用法相同。故上两句的ought to与should可互换，而改为
   He should talk to his boss, but he's afraid.
   What ought Dan to do?
   (可别写成“What ought to Dan do?”之错误句子结构)

2. His boss might get angry with him.
   (他的老板也许会生他的气。)
   此处助动词might是may [me]的过去式，但却非表示过去的状态，而是表示较低的可能性，可译成“也许”、“大概”、“说不定”。而may则表示较高可能性，可译成“很可能”。
   例: You may be right, so I will take your advice.
   (你很可能是对的,因此我会接受你的建议。)
   You might be right, but I think my way is better.
   (你或许是对的，但我想我的方法比较好。)
3. He can take the work home.
   (他可以把工作带回家去。)
   本句使用了“take+人或物+to+地方”（将某物带/运送到某地)的短语。
   例: Please take me to the station.
   (请带我到车站去。)
   故"He can take the work home."理应写成:
   He can take the work to home. ( X )
   由于home是副词，相当于表示场所的副词there(那里)、here(这里)等，置于句尾修饰动词时，这些副词之前不能置介词to。
   例: Let's go to home now. ( X )
   →Let's go home now. ( O )
   (咱们回家去吧。)
   He went to there with Mary. ( X )
   →He went there with Mary. ( O )
   (他跟玛丽到那儿去了。)
   但home之前若置所有格代词(如my、your、his等)，则home是名词，在上列句子结构中，之前应置介词to，以作其宾语。
   例: Let's go my home. ( X )
   →Let's go to my home ( O )
   (咱们到我家去。)
   home亦可与介词at并用，形成下列固定用法:
   be at home 在家中
   例: He is at home most of the time.
   (他大部分时间都待在家中。)
4. This way, he can kill two birds with one stone.
   (这样的话，他就能两全其美。)
   本句中的this way原为In this way(以这种方式，这样的话)，是作副词用的短语，但way之前有this或that时，介词in常予省略。
   例: You must be modest. That way, you will be respected.
   (你必须谦虚待人。那样的话，你就会收到人尊敬。)

IV. Substitution 替换

1. He has to take care of his sick mother.
   Robert must take his sick mother to the hospital.
   Jim should clean his room.
   Chris ought to wash his clothes.
   (他得照顾他生病的母亲。)
   (罗伯特必须带他生病的母亲到医院。)
   (吉姆必须打扫他的房间。)
   (克里斯必须洗他的衣服。)
2. He can take the work home.
   He should take his children home.
   The teacher often takes his students to his home.
   She often takes her friends to her grandmother's home.
   (他可以把工作带回家去。)
   (他应当把他的孩子带回家去。)
   (那位老师经常带学生到家里去。)
   (她经常把她的朋友带到她祖母家去。)

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